阅读说明：本技术 一种车用燃料电池电堆状态监控系统 (Vehicle fuel cell stack state monitoring system ) 是由 戴洪飞 邓翔 陈勇 张雷 于 2019-10-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种车用燃料电池电堆状态监控系统,包括信号处理模块,集成单电池电压巡检、输出电流监测、温度场监测和冲击信号监测等功能,并能够对所采集信号进行数据处理、储存、分析和传输,信号处理模块具有外置辅助供电和电堆供电两种供电模式,在电堆正常启动运行时,信号处理模块从电堆直接得到供电,并使电堆同时对外置辅助电源进行浮充,电堆停止工作或出现异常情况下,可以由外置辅助电源进行辅助供电；信号处理模块具有双端口输出方式,能够以CAN端口与上位的主控机进行数据通讯,同时以485端口与外置PC机进行数据通讯进行电堆性能评估和故障诊断。(The invention discloses a state monitoring system of a fuel cell stack for a vehicle, which comprises a signal processing module, wherein the signal processing module integrates functions of single cell voltage inspection, output current monitoring, temperature field monitoring, impact signal monitoring and the like, can perform data processing, storage, analysis and transmission on collected signals, has two power supply modes of external auxiliary power supply and stack power supply, and can be used for supplying power directly from the stack when the stack is normally started and operated, enabling the stack to simultaneously float and charge an external auxiliary power supply, and performing auxiliary power supply by the external auxiliary power supply when the stack stops working or is abnormal; the signal processing module has a dual-port output mode, CAN perform data communication with an upper main control computer through a CAN port, and performs data communication with an external PC through a 485 port to perform cell stack performance evaluation and fault diagnosis.)

1. The utility model provides a vehicle fuel cell pile state monitoring system, includes signal processing module and a plurality of monitoring probe port of being connected with signal processing module, its characterized in that: a plurality of monitoring probe port and battery pile intercommunication, signal processing module includes that voltage patrols and examines module, output current monitoring module, temperature field monitoring module and vibration signal monitoring module, wherein, voltage patrols and examines the voltage data that the module is used for monitoring the battery pile, output current monitoring module is used for monitoring the current data of battery pile, temperature field monitoring module is used for monitoring the temperature data of battery pile, vibration signal monitoring module is used for monitoring the impact strength of battery pile, module, output current monitoring module, temperature field monitoring module and vibration signal monitoring module are patrolled and examined all through AD converter and corresponding monitoring probe port intercommunication and are used for monitoring the data of battery pile.

2. The system for monitoring the state of the fuel cell stack for the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the voltage inspection module further comprises a first single chip microcomputer and a differential amplifier, the differential amplifier is connected with a corresponding detection probe port on the cell stack to monitor and amplify the voltage of the cell stack, and the differential amplifier is connected with the A/D converter in a data communication manner to transmit the monitored and amplified voltage data of the cell stack to the A/D converter, and the voltage data is converted by the A/D converter and then output to the first single chip microcomputer of the voltage inspection module for processing.

3. The system for monitoring the state of the fuel cell stack for the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the output current detection module comprises a second single chip microcomputer and a current sensor, the current sensor is connected with a corresponding detection probe port on the cell stack to monitor the current of the cell stack, and the current sensor is connected with the data communication of the a/D converter to convert the monitored current of the cell stack and output the converted current to the second single chip microcomputer of the output current detection module for processing.

4. The system for monitoring the state of the fuel cell stack for the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the temperature field monitoring module further comprises a third singlechip and a thermocouple group, the thermocouple group is connected with a corresponding detection probe port on the cell stack to monitor the temperature of the cell stack, and the thermocouple group is connected with the A/D converter in a data communication manner to transmit the monitored temperature data of the cell stack to the A/D converter and output the data to the third singlechip of the temperature field monitoring module for processing after being converted by the A/D converter.

5. The system for monitoring the state of a fuel cell stack for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the vibration signal monitoring module further comprises a four-way singlechip and a three-way acceleration sensor, the three-way acceleration sensor is connected to a corresponding detection probe port on the cell stack to monitor impact data received by the cell stack, and the three-way acceleration sensor is connected to the data communication of the a/D converter to transmit the monitored impact data received by the cell stack to the a/D converter, and the impact data is converted by the a/D converter and then output to the four-way singlechip of the vibration signal monitoring module for processing.

6. The system for monitoring the state of a vehicle fuel cell stack according to claim 1, further comprising an upper computer and an external PC, wherein the signal processing module further comprises two output ports, i.e. a CAN port and a 485 port, and the signal processing module is connected with the upper computer in a data communication manner by the CAN port and is connected with the external PC in a data communication manner by the 485 port.

7. The system for monitoring the state of the fuel cell stack for the vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the upper computer further comprises a display screen, and the upper computer is used for reading the data of the voltage, the current, the temperature and the impact strength of the cell stack detected by the voltage polling module, the output current monitoring module, the temperature field monitoring module and the vibration signal monitoring module of the signal processing module and displaying the read data on the display screen of the upper computer.

8. The system for monitoring the state of a vehicle fuel cell stack according to claim 6, wherein the external PC is used for evaluating the performance of the cell stack and diagnosing the fault of the cell stack.

9. The system for monitoring the state of a fuel cell stack for a vehicle according to claim 6, further comprising an external auxiliary power supply for supplying power to the signal processing module, wherein the external auxiliary power supply is controlled by operating the upper computer to supply power to the signal processing module.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a vehicle fuel cell stack state monitoring system, which is mainly applied to the design, research, development and evaluation of a vehicle fuel cell stack assembly and the operation control of a fuel cell vehicle and belongs to the technical field of battery monitoring.

Background

Fuel cells are a new generation of energy systems, which can convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy through a special reaction process. Among them, currently, a mainstream Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) system can adopt hydrogen as fuel gas at normal temperature (< 100 ℃) to react with oxygen in the air to generate electric energy, and the product is only pure water, so that the Proton Exchange membrane fuel Cell is green and environment-friendly and has high energy/power density, and has become an ideal solution for future new energy vehicles, distributed energy systems and power grid architectures.

Due to thermodynamic limitations of chemical reactions, in 2H₂+O₂→2H₂The operating voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell with O as the reaction principle is only 0.7V, and if the hydrogen fuel cell is in a single cell form, the voltage requirements of various electrical appliances are difficult to meet. Therefore, in practical applications, a method of connecting cells in series is adopted, and a single fuel cell is stacked into a stack to increase the operating voltage. For example, the Mirai hydrogen fuel cell automobile of Toyota corporation of Japan adopts up to 370 single cells for stacking, the voltage can reach 650V after being boosted by a voltage boosting frequency converter, and the total power generation power can reach 114 kW. In the tandem type electric pile system, the requirement on the consistency of the single batteries is high, once the working state of a certain single battery is abnormal, for example, due to the conditions of dehydration or flooding of a membrane electrode inside the battery, physical impact outside the electric pile, or great change of the temperature of the battery, the output voltage/current of the single battery is greatly changed, the whole electric pile is irreversibly damaged, and even the whole electric pile is burnt and scrapped in severe cases. Therefore, a comprehensive battery state monitoring system is generally needed when the fuel cell stack is in a working state, and when the fuel cell stack is in an abnormal condition, a corresponding alarm signal can be sent to the alarm module to assist the stack auxiliary systems such as a fuel gas inlet valve, an exhaust valve and a water pump to perform corresponding processing.

In the current mainstream fuel cell stack state monitoring scheme, a method for detecting the voltage of a single cell is generally adopted, and the working state of each power generation unit in the stack is judged by monitoring the voltage change of the single cell. For example, a chinese patent application entitled "fuel cell voltage monitoring system and method thereof" (application No. 02814901.7, published as 2004, 10/6) discloses a fuel cell voltage monitoring system and method, and the invention entitled "a fuel cell monitoring system" (application No. CN 201310249181.7) also uses a MAX809J chip to monitor the terminal voltage of a single cell, thereby realizing the monitoring of the overall operating state of the fuel cell. However, we should point out that as an overall evaluation system for the operating state of the fuel cell stack, it is not enough to monitor the voltage of its single cells alone. The vehicle electric pile often works under quite complicated working conditions, such as starting in extremely cold areas, running on highly rugged mountain roads, climbing steep slopes, continuously running with high strength and the like. Under these complicated conditions, the stack monitoring system needs to monitor and evaluate the overall output current of the stack, the temperature field of the stack and the vibration/impact borne by the stack in the moving process in an all-around manner, so that the actual working state of the stack can be accurately judged under various conditions, and the safe and efficient operation of the stack is ensured.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to develop a state monitoring system of a fuel cell stack for a vehicle, which can accurately and efficiently judge the real working condition of the fuel cell stack for the vehicle through real-time monitoring of the voltage, the output current, the internal temperature field and the physical vibration/impact bearing condition of the single cell of the stack, and can complete tasks of transmission, analysis, evaluation and the like of the operation information of the stack through interaction with an upper computer.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the utility model provides a vehicle fuel cell pile state monitoring system, includes signal processing module and a plurality of monitoring probe port of being connected with signal processing module, its characterized in that: a plurality of monitoring probe port and battery pile intercommunication, signal processing module includes that voltage patrols and examines module, output current monitoring module, temperature field monitoring module and vibration signal monitoring module, wherein, voltage patrols and examines the voltage data that the module is used for monitoring the battery pile, output current monitoring module is used for monitoring the current data of battery pile, temperature field monitoring module is used for monitoring the temperature data of battery pile, vibration signal monitoring module is used for monitoring the impact strength of battery pile, module, output current monitoring module, temperature field monitoring module and vibration signal monitoring module are patrolled and examined all through AD converter and corresponding monitoring probe port intercommunication and are used for monitoring the data of battery pile.

Preferably, the voltage inspection module further comprises a first single chip microcomputer and a differential amplifier, the differential amplifier is connected with a corresponding detection probe port on the cell stack to monitor and amplify the voltage of the cell stack, and the differential amplifier is connected with the A/D converter in a data communication manner to transmit the monitored and amplified voltage data of the cell stack to the A/D converter and output the voltage data to the first single chip microcomputer of the voltage inspection module for processing after being converted by the A/D converter.

Preferably, the output current detection module comprises a second single chip microcomputer and a current sensor, the current sensor is connected with a corresponding detection probe port on the cell stack to monitor the current of the cell stack, and the current sensor is connected with the A/D converter in a data communication manner to convert the monitored current of the cell stack and then output the converted current to the second single chip microcomputer of the output current detection module for processing.

Preferably, the temperature field monitoring module further comprises a third single chip microcomputer and a thermocouple group, the thermocouple group is connected with a corresponding detection probe port on the cell stack to monitor the temperature of the cell stack, and the thermocouple group is connected with the A/D converter in a data communication manner to transmit the monitored temperature data of the cell stack to the A/D converter and output the data to the third single chip microcomputer of the temperature field monitoring module for processing after being converted by the A/D converter.

Preferably, the vibration signal monitoring module further comprises a fourth single chip microcomputer and a third acceleration sensor, the third acceleration sensor is connected with a corresponding detection probe port on the cell stack to monitor impact data received by the cell stack, and the data communication connection of the third acceleration sensor and the a/D converter transmits the monitored impact data received by the cell stack to the a/D converter and the data is converted by the a/D converter and then output to the fourth single chip microcomputer of the vibration signal monitoring module for processing.

Further preferred still includes host computer and external PC, signal processing module still has two kinds of output ports of CAN port and 485 port, just signal processing module adopts CAN port and host computer to carry out data communication and is connected, adopts 485 ports and external PC to carry out data communication simultaneously and is connected.

Further preferably, the host computer still includes the display screen, and the host computer is used for reading the voltage of signal processing module and patrols and examines the data of voltage, electric current, temperature and the impact force intensity of battery galvanic pile that four modules detected of output current monitoring module, temperature field monitoring module and vibration signal monitoring module and presents the data of reading on the display screen of host computer and show.

Further preferably, the external PC is used for evaluating the performance of the battery electric pile and diagnosing the battery electric pile fault.

Further preferably, the system further comprises an external auxiliary power supply for supplying power to the signal processing module, and the external auxiliary power supply is operated and controlled on the upper computer to supply power to the signal processing module.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the method comprises the steps of detecting characteristics of single cell voltage in a cell stack, output current of the cell stack, a temperature field of the cell stack and impact force or vibration borne by the cell stack, and performing overall evaluation to diagnose the real operation condition of the cell stack more accurately; and a cooperative power supply mode is adopted, and dual-port quick interaction with an upper computer and an external PC is adopted, so that the condition that the battery electric pile is abnormal can be ensured to be still quickly transmitted, analyzed and evaluated to various operation information of the battery electric pile through data communication of the signal processing module, the upper computer and the external PC.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the logical relationship of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a corresponding drawing in example 1.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

As shown in fig. 1-2: this embodiment is a vehicle fuel cell stack state monitoring system, including signal processing module and with signal processing module electric connection's a plurality of monitoring probe port, its characterized in that: a plurality of monitoring probe port and battery pile intercommunication, signal processing module includes that voltage patrols and examines module, output current monitoring module, temperature field monitoring module and vibration signal monitoring module, wherein, voltage patrols and examines the voltage data that the module is used for monitoring the battery pile, output current monitoring module is used for monitoring the current data of battery pile, temperature field monitoring module is used for monitoring the temperature data of battery pile, vibration signal monitoring module is used for monitoring the impact strength of battery pile, module, output current monitoring module, temperature field monitoring module and vibration signal monitoring module are patrolled and examined all through AD converter and corresponding monitoring probe port intercommunication and are used for monitoring the data of battery pile.

Preferably, the voltage inspection module further comprises a first single chip microcomputer and a differential amplifier, the differential amplifier is connected with a corresponding detection probe port on the cell stack to monitor and amplify the voltage of the cell stack, and the differential amplifier is connected with the A/D converter in a data communication manner to transmit the monitored and amplified voltage data of the cell stack to the A/D converter and output the voltage data to the first single chip microcomputer of the voltage inspection module for processing after being converted by the A/D converter.

Preferably, the output current detection module comprises a second single chip microcomputer and a current sensor, the current sensor is connected with a corresponding detection probe port on the cell stack to monitor the current of the cell stack, and the current sensor is connected with the A/D converter in a data communication manner to convert the monitored current of the cell stack and then output the converted current to the second single chip microcomputer of the output current detection module for processing.

Preferably, the temperature field monitoring module further comprises a third single chip microcomputer and a thermocouple group, the thermocouple group is connected with a corresponding detection probe port on the cell stack to monitor the temperature of the cell stack, and the thermocouple group is connected with the A/D converter in a data communication manner to transmit the monitored temperature data of the cell stack to the A/D converter and output the data to the third single chip microcomputer of the temperature field monitoring module for processing after being converted by the A/D converter.

Preferably, the vibration signal monitoring module further comprises a fourth single chip microcomputer and a third acceleration sensor, the third acceleration sensor is connected with a corresponding detection probe port on the cell stack to monitor impact data received by the cell stack, and the third acceleration sensor is connected with the data communication of the a/D converter to transmit the monitored impact data received by the cell stack to the a/D converter, convert the impact data by the a/D converter and output the impact data to the fourth single chip microcomputer of the vibration signal monitoring module for processing.

Further preferred still includes host computer and external PC, signal processing module still has two kinds of output ports of CAN port and 485 port, just signal processing module adopts CAN port and host computer to carry out data communication and is connected, adopts 485 ports and external PC to carry out data communication simultaneously and is connected.

Further preferably, the host computer still includes the display screen, and the host computer is used for reading the voltage of signal processing module and patrols and examines the data of voltage, electric current, temperature and the impact force intensity of battery galvanic pile that four modules detected of output current monitoring module, temperature field monitoring module and vibration signal monitoring module and presents the data of reading on the display screen of host computer and show.

Further preferably, the external PC is used for evaluating the performance of the battery electric pile and diagnosing the battery electric pile fault.

Further preferably, the system further comprises an external auxiliary power supply for supplying power to the signal processing module, and the external auxiliary power supply is operated and controlled on the upper computer to supply power to the signal processing module.

Referring to fig. 2, the vehicle fuel cell stack state monitoring system adopts an MC3403 chip to collect the voltage of the single cell of the running cell stack, a voltage analog signal collected by the MC3403 chip is amplified by a differential amplifier additionally arranged at the rear end and then converted into a digital signal by an a/D converter, the digital signal is transmitted by the a/D converter to a single chip microcomputer of a voltage inspection module in a signal processing module for processing and analysis, and then is in data communication with an upper computer through a CAN port and a 485 port, so that the voltage condition of the single cell of the cell stack CAN be obtained in real time; in the selection of the wiring scheme, a current collector (output negative electrode) of an upper end plate of the fuel cell stack is selected as a common ground end, and the main reason is that a certain potential exists between the 1 st cell of the fuel cell stack and the current collector (output negative electrode) of the upper end plate of the fuel cell stack, so that the voltage test precision of the 1 st cell is influenced during testing, and in addition, the consistency of signals of the whole monitoring system is also ensured.

Referring to fig. 2, the single cells in the cell stack are connected in series, the current sensor is connected with the first single cell on the lower end plate and the first single cell under the upper end plate, as shown in fig. 2, the first single cell on the lower end plate is the 1 st single cell, the first single cell under the upper end plate is the 100 th single cell, after monitoring the current after the cell stack is operated, the current sensor is connected with the data communication of the a/D converter, converts the monitored current of the cell stack, outputs the converted current to the second single chip microcomputer of the output current detection module, processes and analyzes the processed and analyzed current, and communicates with the upper computer through the CAN port, and communicates with the external PC through the 485 port, so that the current condition of the cell stack CAN be obtained in real time.

Referring to fig. 2, a thermocouple group adopts a form of 4 paths of probes as a group, is distributed around a galvanic pile, and has 3 groups of 12 detection points, so as to accurately detect the whole temperature field of the galvanic pile, the thermocouple group is connected with the data communication of an A/D converter, transmits the monitored temperature data of the galvanic pile to the A/D converter, is converted by the A/D converter and then outputs the temperature data to a singlechip III of a temperature field monitoring module for processing and analysis, and then carries out data communication with an upper computer through a CAN port and a 485 port, and carries out data communication with an external PC, so that the temperature condition of the galvanic pile CAN be obtained in real time.

Referring to fig. 2, the three-way acceleration sensors are distributed on the upper end plate and the lower end plate of the cell stack, transmit vibration or impact data received by the cell stack to the a/D converter, convert the data by the a/D converter, output the data to the four-chip microcomputer of the vibration signal monitoring module, process and analyze the data, communicate data with the upper computer through the CAN port, and communicate data with the external PC through the 485 port, so that the collision/impact condition received by the cell stack during operation CAN be obtained in real time.

The upper computer interacts with the detection system through CAN port data transmission, the upper computer sends a data reading instruction, a voltage polling module, an output current monitoring module, a temperature field monitoring module and a vibration signal monitoring module in the signal processing module feed back the monitored data such as single cell voltage, cell stack current, cell stack temperature and the received impact force in the cell stack to the upper computer, and after analyzing and processing the obtained data, the instrument is adopted to display the single cell voltage and the cell stack current of the cell stack; displaying the voltage of all single cells in the galvanic pile in real time in a bar chart form by adopting a oscillogram; and accurately displaying the voltage value of the single battery and the maximum value, the minimum value and the average value thereof by adopting an array and a numerical control.

When the battery electric pile normally operates, the battery electric pile can supply power for the signal processing module and carry out floating charge on the external auxiliary power supply, and the main control computer and the external PC adopt external independent power supplies; when the battery electric pile stops working or is abnormal, an operator determines whether an external auxiliary power supply is used as a signal processing module for auxiliary power supply through operating the upper computer so as to store the data of the battery electric pile in an abnormal state and transmit the data to the upper computer and the external PC; in practical application, the auxiliary power supply can be externally connected for charging independently except that the fuel cell stack is used as an external battery for charging.

In summary, the system for monitoring the state of the fuel cell stack for the vehicle provided by the invention detects a plurality of characteristics of the voltage of a single cell in the cell stack, the output current of the cell stack, the temperature field of the cell stack and the impact force or vibration borne by the cell stack, performs overall evaluation, and then can perform more accurate diagnosis on the real operation condition of the cell stack; and a cooperative power supply mode is adopted, and dual-port quick interaction with an upper computer and an external PC is adopted, so that the condition that the battery electric pile is abnormal can be ensured to be still quickly transmitted, analyzed and evaluated to various operation information of the battery electric pile through data communication of the signal processing module, the upper computer and the external PC.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present patent, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the inventive concept, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present patent.