阅读说明：本技术 便携式地形剖面精准测量装置及方法 (Portable accurate topographic profile measuring device and method ) 是由 刘杰 高伟 李萍 徐元芹 于 2019-11-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：便携式地形剖面精准测量装置及方法,包括由支撑腿支撑的平台,其下方安装刚性吊杆,吊杆底端的球形转轴吊挂由GNSS接收机、刚性连接杆、陀螺仪、重锤和激光测距仪组成的定位测量模块；GNSS接收机顶部与球形转轴连接、下方为刚性连接杆,刚性连接杆下端为重锤,重锤上方安装陀螺仪、底部正中有激光测距仪。其方法包括将装置放置于待测点,在重力作用下定位测量模块快速达到竖直；当陀螺仪测到定位测量模块稳定后,通过GNSS接收机和激光测距仪分别对GNSS接收机的空间位置信息和激光测距仪距离地面的距离进行测量。本发明无需人工扶正,达到竖直后自动测量,最大限度减少人为干扰；通过激光测距仪的修正消除了下陷对测量的影响。(A portable accurate measurement device and a method for a topographic profile comprise a platform supported by supporting legs, wherein a rigid suspender is arranged below the platform, and a spherical rotating shaft at the bottom end of the suspender is hung with a positioning measurement module consisting of a GNSS receiver, a rigid connecting rod, a gyroscope, a heavy hammer and a laser range finder; the top of the GNSS receiver is connected with the spherical rotating shaft, a rigid connecting rod is arranged below the GNSS receiver, a heavy hammer is arranged at the lower end of the rigid connecting rod, a gyroscope is arranged above the heavy hammer, and a laser range finder is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the GNSS receiver. The method comprises placing the device at a point to be measured, and positioning the measuring module to quickly reach the vertical state under the action of gravity; and when the gyroscope detects that the positioning measurement module is stable, the space position information of the GNSS receiver and the distance from the laser range finder to the ground are measured through the GNSS receiver and the laser range finder respectively. The invention does not need manual righting, and can automatically measure after reaching the vertical state, thereby reducing the manual interference to the maximum extent; the influence of the sag on the measurement is eliminated by the correction of the laser rangefinder.)

1. A portable accurate measuring device for a topographic profile comprises a control module, a communication module (14) and a buzzer (16), and is characterized by further comprising a support (1), wherein the top of the support (1) is provided with a platform, and the lower part of the platform is supported by support legs; a rigid suspender (2) is vertically arranged below the center of the platform, a spherical rotating shaft (3) is arranged at the bottom end of the suspender (2), a positioning and measuring module is hung below the spherical rotating shaft (3), and the positioning and measuring module consists of a GNSS receiver (4), a rigid connecting rod (5), a gyroscope (6), a heavy hammer (7) and a laser range finder (8); wherein a spherical clamping groove used for connecting the spherical rotating shaft (3) is arranged right above the GNSS receiver (4), the right lower part of the GNSS receiver is connected with the rigid connecting rod (5), the lower end of the rigid connecting rod (5) is connected with a heavy hammer (7), a gyroscope (6) is arranged above the heavy hammer (7), and a laser range finder (8) is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the heavy hammer; the whole positioning and measuring module is connected with the spherical rotating shaft (3) through a spherical clamping groove right above the GNSS receiver (4), and the positioning and measuring module can rotate around the spherical rotating shaft (3); a rigid lifting rod (10) is vertically arranged in the center of the upper surface of the platform.

2. A portable topographic profile accurate measuring device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said platform is comprised of a cross and an outer perimeter frame; the rigid suspender (2) is arranged right below the cross point; the rigid lifting rod (10) is arranged right above the cross point.

3. A portable topographic profile precise measuring device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the top end of the rigid lifting rod (10) is provided with a horizontal handle, and the handle is integrally provided with a control module, a communication module (14) and a buzzer (16); an antenna (9) of the GNSS receiver (4) is arranged above the bracket (1).

4. A portable topographic profile precise measuring device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the weight (7) is provided with a battery compartment inside which a battery pack for supplying power to the devices including the GNSS receiver (4) and the laser range finder (8) is arranged.

5. The portable topographic profile precise measuring device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein a damping device is disposed between the spherical slot and the spherical shaft (3) directly above the GNSS receiver (4), so that the positioning and measuring module can reach a stable state quickly after the portable topographic profile precise measuring device is placed at a measuring point.

6. A portable topographic profile precise measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control module comprises a control button (11), a status display (12), a single chip microcomputer (13) and a data storage module (15).

7. A method for making accurate measurements of terrain using the apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

1) erecting a reference station and checking the operation condition of the equipment;

2) starting the device, enabling the portable accurate topographic profile measuring device to be in a working state, connecting the device with a handbook, building a new project file and setting parameters, and then starting measuring work;

3) the device is placed at a point to be measured by a portable rigid lifting rod (10), a measuring button is clicked, and under the action of gravity, a positioning measuring module composed of a GNSS receiver (4), a rigid connecting rod (5), a gyroscope (6), a heavy hammer (7) and a laser range finder (8) quickly reaches the vertical direction;

4) when the gyroscope (6) monitors that the positioning measurement module is stable, the space position information of the GNSS receiver (4) and the vertical distance from the laser range finder (8) to the ground are measured and stored through the GNSS receiver (4) and the laser range finder (8), the stored information comprises longitude data x, latitude data y and elevation data z measured by the GNSS receiver (4), and the vertical distance z' from the laser range finder (8) to the ground is measured;

5) and (4) after the measurement of the point location and the data recording work are finished, moving the device to the next measurement point, and repeating the steps (3) and (4) until the measurement work of all the preset station locations is finished.

8. The measuring method according to claim 7, wherein in step 5), after the measurement and data recording of the spot location is completed, a buzzer (16) sounds automatically to indicate that the measurement of the spot location is completed.

9. The measuring method according to claim 7, wherein the step 4) further comprises the step of calculating the terrain actual elevation of the point:

the actual terrain elevation h is obtained by subtracting the elevation z 'measured by the laser range finder (8) from the elevation z measured by the GNSS receiver (4) and then subtracting the height difference h' between the laser range finder (8) and the GNSS receiver (4),

i.e. the actual terrain elevation h = z-z '-h' at the point.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a topographic profile measuring device, in particular to a measuring device and a measuring method for rapidly and accurately acquiring topographic profile data, wherein the measuring result is not influenced by factors such as artificial errors, soil softness and the like.

Background

The RTK (Real-time kinematic) Real-time dynamic carrier phase difference technology is a difference method for processing carrier phase measurement of two measurement stations in Real time, and the carrier phase acquired by a reference station is sent to a user receiver for difference calculation and coordinate calculation. In the RTK mode of operation, the base station transmits its observations and the rover coordinate information to the rover station through the data chain. The rover station not only receives data from the reference station, but also collects GPS observation data, forms differential observation values in the system for real-time processing, and simultaneously gives centimeter-level positioning results. The mobile station mainly comprises a GNSS receiver, a centering rod, a manual book host and the like, in the actual topographic profile measuring process, the GNSS receiver is required to be installed at the top end of the centering rod, the tail tip of the centering rod is manually placed on the ground, leveling (even if bubbles of a circular level are centered) is carried out, the vertical axis of an instrument is ensured to be in a vertical state, the longitude and latitude and elevation information of the point position is recorded at the moment, and the true elevation of a measuring point is obtained after the length of the centering rod is deducted.

There are two problems associated with the use of conventional apparatus and methods for topographical profiling of soft or loosely deposited bodies: on one hand, taking the measurement of a sand beach terrain profile as an example, when the tail tip of the centering rod is placed on the surface of a sand beach, the tail tip is easy to fall into sediment, so that the elevation data obtained by measurement generate errors; on the other hand, in the process of manually righting the equipment to keep the equipment vertical, the state of the equipment is inevitably changed due to wind blowing, slight shaking of the body and the like, and the measurement precision is influenced to a greater or lesser extent.

The invention aims to provide a device and a method capable of rapidly and accurately measuring single-point spatial position information, which can automatically enable equipment to be in a vertical state after being placed at a measuring position, measure three-dimensional spatial information of a point position, eliminate the defects of the traditional equipment and the interference of human factors, and provide an important technical means for the traditional surveying and mapping and coastal zone topographic profile measuring technology.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a portable accurate topographic profile measuring device and a portable accurate topographic profile measuring method to overcome the defects of the prior art.

A portable accurate measuring device for a topographic profile comprises a control module, a communication module and a buzzer, and is characterized by further comprising a support, wherein the top of the support is provided with a platform, and the lower part of the platform is supported by support legs; a rigid suspension rod is vertically arranged below the center of the platform, a spherical rotating shaft is arranged at the bottom end of the suspension rod, a positioning and measuring module is hung below the spherical rotating shaft, and the positioning and measuring module consists of a GNSS receiver, a rigid connecting rod, a gyroscope, a heavy hammer and a laser range finder; the GNSS receiver is provided with a spherical clamping groove for connecting a spherical rotating shaft right above, the GNSS receiver is connected with a rigid connecting rod right below, the lower end of the rigid connecting rod is connected with a heavy hammer, a gyroscope is arranged above the heavy hammer, and a laser range finder is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the heavy hammer; the whole positioning and measuring module is connected with the spherical rotating shaft through a spherical clamping groove right above the GNSS receiver, and the positioning and measuring module can rotate around the spherical rotating shaft; a rigid lifting rod is vertically arranged in the center of the upper surface of the platform.

The platform consists of a cross and an outer circular frame thereof; the rigid suspender is arranged right below the cross point; the rigid lifting rod is arranged right above the cross point.

The top end of the rigid lifting rod is provided with a horizontal lifting handle, and a control module, a communication module and a buzzer are integrally mounted on the lifting handle; the antenna of the GNSS receiver is mounted above the support.

The weight dropper is characterized in that a battery bin is arranged inside the weight dropper, and a battery pack for supplying power to equipment including the GNSS receiver and the laser range finder is arranged inside the battery bin.

A damping device is arranged between the spherical clamping groove right above the GNSS receiver and the spherical rotating shaft, so that the portable accurate topographic profile measuring device can be placed at a certain measuring point conveniently, and the positioning and measuring module can reach a stable state quickly.

The control module comprises a control button, a state display, a single chip microcomputer and a data storage module.

The method for accurately measuring the terrain by using the device is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) erecting a reference station and checking the operation condition of the equipment;

2) starting the device, enabling the portable accurate topographic profile measuring device to be in a working state, connecting the device with a handbook, building a new project file and setting parameters, and then starting measuring work;

3) the device is placed at a point to be measured by lifting a rigid lifting rod by hand, a measurement button is clicked, and a positioning measurement module consisting of a GNSS receiver, a rigid connecting rod, a gyroscope, a heavy hammer and a laser range finder quickly reaches the vertical state under the action of gravity;

4) when the gyroscope monitors that the positioning measurement module is stable, the space position information of the GNSS receiver and the vertical distance from the laser range finder to the ground are measured and stored through the GNSS receiver and the laser range finder respectively, the stored information comprises longitude data x, latitude data y and elevation data z measured by the GNSS receiver, and the vertical distance z' from the laser range finder to the ground is measured by the laser range finder;

5) and (4) after the measurement of the point location and the data recording work are finished, moving the device to the next measurement point, and repeating the steps (3) and (4) until the measurement work of all the preset station locations is finished.

In the step 5), after the point location measurement and data recording work is completed, the buzzer automatically sounds to indicate that the point location measurement work is finished.

The step 4) further comprises a step of calculating the terrain actual elevation of the point:

the actual terrain elevation h is obtained by subtracting the elevation z 'measured by the laser range finder from the elevation z measured by the GNSS receiver and then subtracting the height difference h' between the laser range finder and the GNSS receiver,

i.e. the actual terrain elevation h = z-z '-h' at the point.

Advantages of the invention

Compared with the existing measuring technology and method, the device has the following remarkable advantages:

1. after the device is placed at a point to be measured, manual centering equipment is not needed, the measuring device can automatically present a vertical state, and automatically measure longitude and latitude coordinates and accurate elevation data of the position after the vertical state is reached, so that the interference of human factors on a measuring result is reduced to the maximum extent;

2. after the existing topographic profile measuring device and the device of the invention are placed on the surfaces of different types of sediment bodies, the support legs of the device sink into the sediment to different degrees, and the sinking depths of the support legs of the device on the different types of sediment bodies are different. However, the correction of the elevation data in the three-dimensional space data measured by the device of the invention by the off-bottom elevation data measured by the laser distance measuring instrument can eliminate the influence of the equipment support falling into the sediment on the measured data, and has obvious superiority compared with the prior art and method.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the general structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of the present invention.

The device comprises a support 1, a support 2, a rigid suspension rod 3, a spherical rotating shaft 4, a GNSS receiver 5, a rigid connecting rod 6, a gyroscope 7, a heavy hammer 8, a laser range finder 9, an antenna 10, a rigid lifting rod 11, a control button 12, a state display 13, a single chip microcomputer 14, a communication module 15, a data storage module 16 and a buzzer.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a portable accurate measurement device for topographic profiles comprises a control module and is characterized by further comprising a support 1, wherein the top of the support 1 is a platform, the platform consists of a cross and an outer circular frame thereof, and a support leg is supported below the platform; a rigid suspender 2 is vertically arranged right below the cross point in the middle of the cross, a spherical rotating shaft 3 is arranged at the bottom end of the suspender 2, a positioning and measuring module is hung below the spherical rotating shaft 3, and the positioning and measuring module consists of a GNSS receiver 4, a rigid connecting rod 5, a gyroscope 6, a heavy hammer 7 and a laser range finder 8; a spherical clamping groove for connecting the spherical rotating shaft 3 is formed right above the GNSS receiver 4, the right lower side of the GNSS receiver is connected with the rigid connecting rod 5, the lower end of the rigid connecting rod 5 is connected with a heavy hammer 7, a gyroscope 6 is arranged above the heavy hammer 7, and a laser range finder 8 is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the heavy hammer; the positioning measurement module is connected with the spherical rotating shaft 3 through a spherical clamping groove right above the GNSS receiver 4, and the positioning measurement module can rotate around the spherical rotating shaft 3; a rigid lifting rod 10 is vertically arranged right above a cross point in the middle of the top cross of the support 1, a horizontal lifting handle is arranged at the top end of the rigid lifting rod 10, and a control module, a communication module 14 and a buzzer 16 are integrally arranged on the lifting handle; the antenna 9 of the GNSS receiver 4 is mounted above the stand 1.

The weight 7 is also provided with a battery compartment, and a battery pack for supplying power to the equipment including the GNSS receiver 4 and the laser range finder 8 is arranged in the battery compartment.

A damping device is arranged between the spherical clamping groove right above the GNSS receiver 4 and the spherical rotating shaft 3, so that the portable accurate topographic profile measuring device can be placed at a certain measuring point conveniently, and the positioning and measuring module can reach a stable state quickly.

The control module comprises a control button 11, a state display 12, a singlechip 13 and a data storage module 15.

The device can be used with a conventional mapping handbook host and software.

The use method of the device is as follows:

(1) erecting a reference station and checking the operation condition of the equipment;

(2) the fully charged battery pack is arranged in the heavy hammer 7, so that the portable accurate topographic profile measuring device is in a working state and is connected with a handbook, and the measurement work can be started after a new project file is created and parameters are set;

(3) the device is placed at a point to be measured by the portable lifting rod 10, a measuring button in the control button 11 is clicked, and under the action of gravity, a positioning measuring module consisting of the GNSS receiver 4, the rigid connecting rod 5, the gyroscope 6, the heavy hammer 7 and the laser range finder 8 can be quickly leveled;

(4) when the gyroscope 6 monitors that the positioning measurement module is stable, the singlechip 13 controls the GNSS receiver 4 and the laser range finder 8 to measure the spatial position information of the GNSS receiver 4 and the vertical distance between the laser range finder 8 and the ground, and records the measured spatial position information and the vertical distance into the data storage module 15, the data content recorded in the data storage module 15 comprises a station number, longitude data x, latitude data y and elevation data z measured by the GNSS receiver 4, and the vertical distance z' from the laser range finder 8 to the ground;

(5) after the measurement and data recording work of the station position is finished, the buzzer 16 sounds automatically to indicate that the measurement work of the station position is finished;

(6) moving the portable accurate topographic profile measuring device to the next measuring point, and repeating the steps (3), (4) and (5) until the measuring work of all the preset stations is completed;

(7) for a certain measurement point, longitude data x and latitude data y measured by the GNSS receiver 4 are the real positions of the measurement point, and the topographic elevation h = z-z '-h', where z is the elevation measured by the GNSS receiver 4, z 'is the elevation measured by the laser range finder 8, and h' is the height difference between the laser range finder 8 and the GNSS receiver 4.