Damping device and tool holder with such a damping device
阅读说明:本技术 阻尼装置和具有这种阻尼装置的刀具保持装置 (Damping device and tool holder with such a damping device ) 是由 京特·布克 于 2018-07-16 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明涉及一种用于在工件的切削加工期间阻尼刀具保持装置(10)的振动的阻尼装置。阻尼装置(25)包括具备两个端部(39、40)的阻尼体(38),在两个端部上分别布置有阻尼装备(47、48),阻尼装备具有与阻尼体(38)刚性连接的支承栓柱(51)和在圆周方向上包围住支承栓柱(51)的支承套(64),其中,在支承栓柱(51)和支承套(64)之间布置有被阻尼流体填充的环形空间(71),该环形空间在轴线方向上可弹性变形的密封环(73、74)密封住。为了在不需要使用者进行手动调较的情况下实现有效的振动阻尼,两个密封环(73、74)分别具有第一和第二贴靠区域(76、77)以及弹性的中间区域(78),其中,第一贴靠区域(76)材料锁合地与支承栓柱(51)连接,并且第二贴靠区域(77)材料锁合地与支承套(64)连接,并且其中,弹性的中间区域(78)布置在两个贴靠区域(76、77)之间,并且能够相对于支承栓柱(51)并且相对于支承套(64)弹性地变形。此外还建议了一种具有这种阻尼装置(25)的刀具保持装置(10)。(The invention relates to a damping device for damping vibrations of a tool holder (10) during machining of a workpiece. The damping device (25) comprises a damping body (38) having two ends (39, 40), on each of which a damping arrangement (47, 48) is arranged, which has a bearing pin (51) rigidly connected to the damping body (38) and a bearing sleeve (64) surrounding the bearing pin (51) in the circumferential direction, wherein an annular space (71) filled with a damping fluid is arranged between the bearing pin (51) and the bearing sleeve (64), which is sealed by an axially elastically deformable sealing ring (73, 74). In order to achieve effective vibration damping without requiring manual adjustment by the user, the two sealing rings (73, 74) each have a first and a second contact region (76, 77) and an elastic intermediate region (78), wherein the first contact region (76) is connected in a material-locking manner to the bearing pin (51) and the second contact region (77) is connected in a material-locking manner to the bearing sleeve (64), and wherein the elastic intermediate region (78) is arranged between the two contact regions (76, 77) and can be elastically deformed relative to the bearing pin (51) and relative to the bearing sleeve (64). Furthermore, a tool holder (10) having such a damping device (25) is proposed.)
1. A damping device for damping vibrations of a tool holder (10) during machining of a workpiece, wherein the damping device (25) is provided with a damping body (38) having a first end (39) and a second end (40), and wherein a damping arrangement (47, 48) having a bearing pin (51) rigidly connected to the damping body (38) and a bearing sleeve (64) surrounding the bearing pin (51) in the circumferential direction is arranged on each of the two ends (39, 40), wherein an annular space (71) filled with a damping fluid is arranged between the bearing pin (51) and the bearing sleeve (64), said annular space being sealed with respect to a longitudinal axis (14) of the damping device (25) by two elastically deformable sealing rings (73, 74) arranged at a distance from one another in the axial direction, the sealing ring is characterized in that the two sealing rings (73, 74) each have a first contact area (76) and a second contact area (77) and an elastic intermediate area (78), wherein the first contact area (76) is connected in a material-locking manner to the bearing pin and the second contact area (77) is connected in a material-locking manner to the bearing sleeve (64), and wherein the elastic intermediate area (78) is arranged between the two contact areas (76, 77) and can be elastically deformed relative to the bearing pin (51) and relative to the bearing sleeve (64).
2. Damping device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first abutment area (76) is bonded to the support stud (51) and the second abutment area (77) is bonded to the support sleeve (64).
3. Damping device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the two abutment areas (76, 77) have the shape of a circular segment in cross section.
4. Damping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two contact areas (76, 77) are designed semicircular in cross section.
5. Damping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abutment areas (76, 77) are accommodated by annular grooves (81, 83) of the bearing stud (51) or of the bearing sleeve (64), respectively.
6. Damping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elastic intermediate region (78) is designed rectangular or square in cross section.
7. A damping device according to any one of the foregoing claims, characterised in that the bearing sleeve (64) is arranged at an axial distance from the damping body (38) of at least 0.3mm and at most 1 mm.
8. Damping device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that both sealing rings (73, 74) are made of silicone material.
9. Damping device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the damping fluid is silicone oil.
10. A damping device according to any one of the foregoing claims, characterised in that the damping body (38) has a tungsten content of at least 90%.
11. Damping device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the damping body (38) has a density of at least 17g/cm3。
12. Damping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two sealing rings (73, 74) of each damping arrangement (47, 48) are designed identically.
13. Damping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two damping arrangements (47, 48) are designed identically.
14. Damping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the damping arrangement (47, 48) can be releasably connected with a damping body (38).
15. Damping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the damping arrangements (47, 48) each constitute a replaceable damping module.
16. Tool holding device with a holding body (12) having a central hollow chamber (16), wherein the hollow chamber (16) extends from a hollow chamber base (17) to an end face (18) of the holding body (12), and wherein a damping device (25) according to one of the preceding claims is arranged in the hollow chamber (16), wherein a bearing sleeve (64) of the damping device (25) is fixed on the holding body (12).
17. Tool holding device according to claim 16, characterized in that the bearing sleeves (64) are each connected to the holding body (12) by means of at least one form-locking element (67).
18. Tool holding device according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that in the hollow chamber (16) the damping device (25) adjoins a tool receiver (28) in the direction of the end face (18) of the holding body (12), which tool receiver extends to the end face (18) of the holding body (12) and is designed for the releasable connection of a tool (32) for chip-removing machining of a workpiece.
19. Tool holding device according to claim 16, 17 or 18, characterized in that the holding body (12) has a connecting element (20) on its rear side (19) facing away from the end side (18), which connecting element is designed for releasable connection with an interface part (34) in order to connect the tool holding device (12) with a machine spindle of a machine tool.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a damping device for passively damping vibrations of a tool holder during machining of a workpiece, wherein the damping device has a damping body with a first end and a second end, and wherein a damping arrangement is arranged on each of the two ends, the damping device having a bearing pin rigidly connected to the damping body and a bearing sleeve surrounding the bearing pin in the circumferential direction, wherein an annular space filled with a damping fluid is arranged between the bearing pin and the bearing sleeve, which annular space is sealed off by two elastically deformable sealing rings arranged at a distance from one another in the axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the damping device.
Background
For the machining of workpieces, in particular metal workpieces, tool holders are used which can be coupled directly or using separate interface parts to a machine spindle of a machine tool and which can carry tools for machining the workpiece, for example turning tools, drilling tools or milling tools. Such a tool holder can be designed in particular in the form of a drill rod. The tool holder can have a length which is a multiple of its own diameter. This results in a reduction in the stiffness of the tool holder and may cause the tool holder to excite vibrations during cutting of the machined workpiece. Such vibrations may be transmitted to the tool arranged on the tool holder and affect the quality of the machining. For example, such vibrations may degrade the surface quality of the workpiece and may also lead to workpiece dimensional errors. Furthermore, such vibrations may also damage the tool.
In order to counteract such vibrations, damping devices for passively damping vibrations are known, which may be integrated into the tool holding device. The tool holder can have a hollow space for this purpose, in which a damping device can be arranged. In US 3,774,730a, a damping device with a cylindrical damping body is proposed for this purpose, the ends of which are designed in the form of a cone and each have an annular groove running around in the circumferential direction, in which an O-ring is arranged. The damping body is supported by an elastic O-ring, which rests with its outer side facing away from the damping body on a pressure plate of the damping device. One of the two pressure plates is mounted so as to be movable in the axial direction and can be displaced relative to the damping body by means of an adjusting screw, so that the pretensioning force acting on the O-ring is thereby changed. This results in a change in the damping performance of the damping device. An optimum setting of the pretensioning force enables effective vibration damping. However, setting the pretension is often difficult for the user and risks setting errors.
In US 7,661,912B2, in order to passively damp vibrations of the tool holder, a damping device with a damping body is proposed, which carries a damping arrangement on its first end and on its second end, respectively. These damping devices each have a support pin rigidly connected to the damping body, which is surrounded in the circumferential direction by a support sleeve. The bearing sleeve is arranged radially spaced apart from the bearing pin, so that an annular space is formed between the bearing pin and the bearing sleeve. This annular space contains the viscous damping fluid and is sealed in the axial direction by two sealing rings arranged axially spaced apart from one another. The damping performance of the damping device can be adjusted, for which purpose the axial distance between the O-rings is set. When the adjustment is carried out optimally, an effective vibration damping can be achieved, however, there is also a risk that a fine adjustment is required when the damping device is designed in this way.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is therefore to improve a damping device of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that effective vibration damping can be achieved without the need for manual adjustment by the user.
In a damping device of this type, the object is achieved according to the invention in that the two sealing rings each have a first contact area and a second contact area and an elastic intermediate area, wherein the first contact area is connected to the support pin in a material-locking manner and the second contact area is connected to the support sleeve in a material-locking manner, and wherein the intermediate area is arranged between the two contact areas and can be elastically deformed relative to the support pin and relative to the support sleeve.
In the damping device according to the invention, passive damping of vibrations is achieved by the combined use of the elastically deformable sealing ring and the damping fluid. These sealing rings have the dual function that they on the one hand seal the annular space containing the damping fluid in pairs and on the other hand exert a spring action that influences the damping properties of the damping device. The material-locking connection of the sealing ring to the bearing pin and also to the bearing sleeve has the advantage that the annular space filled with the sealing fluid can be reliably sealed. Even in the case of vibrations of the sealing body, there is no risk of the damping fluid escaping from the annular space at all.
Furthermore, such a cohesive connection has the advantage that the damping behavior of the damping device can be calculated and thus predicted and reproduced, provided that the sealing rings have a first contact area cohesive with the bearing pin, a second contact area cohesive with the bearing sleeve and an intermediate area arranged between the contact areas. The first abutment region is arranged on the annular inner side of the sealing ring and the second abutment region is arranged on the annular outer side of the sealing ring.
Preferably, the first contact area is recessed into the receptacle of the bearing pin.
Preferably, the second contact area is recessed into the receptacle of the bearing bush.
Due to their cohesive connection with the bearing pin or the bearing bush, the two contact areas contribute only slightly to the spring action of the sealing ring. The elastic action of the sealing ring is ensured firstly by an intermediate region which is arranged in the radial direction between the two contact regions and is therefore arranged in the region between the annular inner side and the annular outer side.
The sealing ring can be provided in particular in such a way that the intermediate region does not sink into the receiving groove of the bearing pin nor into the receiving groove of the bearing sleeve.
The intermediate region is deformable relative to the support pin and relative to the support sleeve and has an elastic action which can be pre-calculated and which, in combination with other, likewise pre-calculated and pre-settable influencing variables (such as the mass of the damping body, the type of damping fluid to be used and the length and width of the annular space), determines the damping behavior of the damping device. The damping properties of the damping device according to the invention can thus be preset in the production plant of the damping device and do not require manual adjustment of each individual damping device by the user. The damping devices can be made in large quantities and they have in practice a consistent damping performance.
The cohesive connection between the contact region of the sealing ring and the support pin or the support sleeve of the damping device can be designed, for example, as an adhesive connection in that a first contact region of the sealing ring is adhesively bonded to the support pin and a second contact region of the sealing ring is adhesively bonded to the support sleeve.
The contact area of the sealing ring can be polygonal, in particular triangular or quadrangular, for example, in cross section. The contact area of the sealing ring can be rectangular, square, trapezoidal or diamond-shaped in cross section, for example.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the two contact areas of the sealing ring have a cross-sectional shape of a circular segment. They preferably each form a partial region of a circle, which is delimited by a circular arc and a chord. Along this circular arc, the sealing ring can be connected to the support pin or the support sleeve in a material-locking manner. In particular, the contact surface can extend along this circular arc, with which the sealing ring is in contact with the bearing pin or the bearing bush over the entire surface. The mid-region of the sealing ring can adjoin on the chord.
It is particularly advantageous if the circular arc of the contact region extends over an angular range of at least 120 °, preferably over an angular range of 150 ° to 180 °. In the angular range of 180 °, the contact area of the sealing ring is semicircular in cross section.
Advantageously, the two contact areas of the sealing ring are of identical design.
Preferably, the contact region is received in an annular groove of the bearing pin or of the bearing sleeve, respectively. The annular groove can be designed, for example, in cross section as a U or C shape.
Advantageously, the contact region bears in its entirety against the wall of the respective annular groove. The cross section of the annular groove is advantageously identical to the cross section of the contact region that dips into the annular groove.
The elastic intermediate region arranged between the two contact regions has a predefinable cross-sectional geometry, which makes it easier to calculate the damping behavior of the damping device. For example, it can be provided that the cross section of the elastic intermediate region is trapezoidal or cylindrical.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the elastic central region is rectangular or square in cross section.
As already mentioned, the damping devices arranged in each case at the ends of the damping body have supporting struts rigidly connected to the damping body.
The supporting stud can be connected integrally to the damping body, i.e. together with the damping body, it forms a one-piece component, which is made of a uniform material.
As an alternative, the supporting stud can form a separate component, which is mechanically connected to the damping body. In particular, the support pin can be screwed to the damping body.
The supporting studs can be made of a lower cost material than the damping body.
For example the support studs may be made of steel.
During the machining of the workpiece, the damping body vibrates not only in the axial direction, but also in the radial direction, in relation to the longitudinal axis of the damping device. This vibration is transmitted from the damping body to the supporting stud, which is rigidly connected to the damping body. From the support studs the vibrations can be transmitted via the sealing ring and the damping fluid to the support sleeve, during which the vibrations are damped.
When axially oriented vibrations are transmitted, the sealing ring is subjected to shear loads which are related to the amplitude of the axial vibrations. In order to define such a shear compliance, it is advantageous if the bearing bush is arranged spaced apart from the damping body in the axial direction, this distance being at least 0.3mm and at most 1 mm.
In particular, it can be provided that the axial distance between the bearing bush and the damping body is 0.3mm to 0.8mm, for example 0.5mm to 0.6 mm.
The provision of a limited axial distance between the damping body and the bearing bush ensures that the bearing bush, which can be fixed in the hollow space of the tool holder, forms a stop against which the damping body is stopped when axial vibrations have a high amplitude. The shear load of the elastically deformable sealing ring is thereby limited.
It has proven advantageous to provide a minimum distance of 0.3mm between the damping body and the bearing bush, so that axial vibrations are also effectively damped by the damping device.
The sealing rings, which each delimit an annular space in the axial direction, are preferably made of an elastically deformable material, in particular an elastomer material.
Advantageously, the sealing ring is made of silicone material. The silicone material has a considerable high temperature resistance, so that the sealing ring can reliably withstand the temperature loads caused by the vibration of the sealing body.
The damping fluid is preferably silicone oil.
The damping body is preferably made of a heavy metal, in particular in the form of a composite material.
Preferably, the damping body has a tungsten content of at least 90%.
The density of the damping body is advantageousAt least 17g/cm3。
It can be provided that both sealing rings of each damping device are identically constructed.
Advantageously, the damping devices arranged on both ends of the damping body are designed identically.
In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the damping body is cylindrical, preferably cylindrical.
The length of the damping body, i.e. the axial extension of the damping body, is preferably greater than the diameter of the damping body.
It is particularly advantageous if the damping devices arranged at both ends of the damping body can be releasably connected to the damping body.
In particular, it can be provided that the damping device can be screwed to the damping body.
The supporting studs arranged on both ends of the damping body are advantageously designed as hollow studs.
The design of the support studs as hollow studs makes it possible to pass a connecting screw through the support studs in each case, so that the support studs are rigidly connected to the damping body by means of the connecting screw.
It is particularly advantageous if the damping devices arranged at the ends of the damping body are each designed as replaceable damping modules.
Preferably, the damping modules arranged at the ends of the damping body are identically designed. This allows the damping module to be manufactured in larger quantities, thereby reducing production costs.
The invention also relates to a tool holder having a holding body and having a damping device of the type mentioned at the beginning. The holding body has a central hollow space which extends from the bottom of the hollow space to the end face of the holding body and in which the damping device is arranged, wherein the bearing sleeve of the damping device is fixed to the holding body. As already mentioned, by using a damping device arranged in the hollow cavity of the holder, an effective damping of vibrations can be achieved, which are caused by the cutting of the workpiece during the use of the tool holder.
The support sleeves of the damping device are advantageously connected to the holding bodies by means of at least one form-locking element. As form-locking elements, pins or screws can be used, for example, in particular cylindrical pins or conical pins, for example conical threaded pins.
In an advantageous embodiment of the tool holder according to the invention, a tool receiver adjoins the damping device in the direction of its end face in the hollow space of the holder body, wherein the tool receiver extends at least up to the end face of the holder body and is designed for releasable connection to a tool for machining a workpiece. A tool used for cutting a workpiece, for example a drilling tool, can be fixed on the end face of the holder by means of the tool holder. It can also be provided that the holding body has a receptacle adjoining the damping device for the releasable direct connection to the tool. In this type of embodiment, the damping device is arranged at a small distance from the tool. Due to such a small distance, vibrations occurring during the machining of the workpiece can be damped particularly effectively.
On its rear side facing away from the end face, the holding body has in an advantageous embodiment of the invention a connecting element which is designed for releasable connection to the interface part in order to connect the tool holder to a machine spindle of a machine tool.
It may also be provided that the tool holder can be connected directly to the machine spindle. For the connection, the tool holder may have, for example, a steep taper or a hollow shaft taper, which is arranged on the rear side of the holder facing away from the end face.
Preferably, the tool holder, together with the interface part, the tool holder and the tool, form a modular tool system. The interface member may constitute a first module of the tool system that enables the tool system to be connected to a machine spindle of a machine tool. The first module can adjoin a tool holder in the form of a second module, into which a damping device of the type mentioned at the outset is integrated, and which carries the tool holder on the end side. A third module in the form of a tool, for example a milling or drilling tool, can be adjacent to the second module for machining a workpiece.
Drawings
An advantageous embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the figure:
fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a tool holder with an integrated damping device, wherein the damping device has two damping arrangements of identical design, between which a damping body is arranged;
FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a damping arrangement of the damping device shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a seal ring of the damping apparatus shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 shows a side view of a modular tool system having the tool holder shown in FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
An advantageous embodiment of a tool holder according to the invention is schematically shown and is generally designated by
The tool holder has an elongated, in the illustrated embodiment cylindrical holding body 12 with a cylindrical
On its
A damping
In order to damp vibrations occurring during the cutting process, a damping
The damping
The damping
The support of the damping
The first damping
The damping
The bearing
The bearing
Between the supporting
In the axial direction, the annular space 71 is delimited and sealed by a
The two sealing rings 73, 74 are of identical design and are each elastically deformable. In the embodiment shown, the two sealing rings 73, 74 are made of silicone material.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the two sealing rings 73, 74 each have a
The
The
As already mentioned, the
In contrast to the
The oscillations of the
As already mentioned,
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