阅读说明：本技术 具有清洁得以优化的弹簧元件的医用手动器械 (Medical hand-held instrument with spring element optimized for cleaning ) 是由 罗伯特·福格特赫尔 于 2018-06-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种手动器械(2),其具有两个手柄元件(14、16；114；214；314；414)和弹簧元件(28；128；228；328；428),所述两个手柄元件能够相对彼此枢转,所述弹簧元件具有两个弹簧元件端部(36、38；136；236；336、338；438)。这些弹簧元件端部(36、38；136；236；336、338；438)分别与所述两个手柄元件(14、16；114；214；314,316；414)之一相连,如此使得当所述两个手柄元件(14、16；114；214；314,316；414)中的至少一个从基本位置中枢转出来时,可以借助所述弹簧元件(28；128；228；328；428)枢转回到所述基本位置中。该手动器械的特征在于,所述两个弹簧元件端部(36、38；136；236；336；438)中的至少一个通过形状配合与所述相应的手柄元件(14、16；114；214；314；414)相连,所述形状配合通过所述弹簧元件(28；128；228；328；428)的变形产生。此外,本发明还涉及一种用于制造医用手动器械(2)的方法。(The invention relates to a manual instrument (2) having two handle elements (14, 16; 114; 214; 314; 414) which can be pivoted relative to one another, and having a spring element (28; 128; 228; 328; 428) which has two spring element ends (36, 38; 136; 236; 336, 338; 438). The spring element ends (36, 38; 136; 236; 336, 338; 438) are each connected to one of the two grip elements (14, 16; 114; 214; 314, 316; 414) in such a way that, when at least one of the two grip elements (14, 16; 114; 214; 314, 316; 414) is pivoted out of the basic position, it can be pivoted back into the basic position by means of the spring element (28; 128; 228; 328; 428). The manual instrument is characterized in that at least one of the two spring element ends (36, 38; 136; 236; 336; 438) is connected to the respective handle element (14, 16; 114; 214; 314; 414) by means of a form fit, which is produced by deformation of the spring element (28; 128; 228; 328; 428). The invention further relates to a method for producing a medical hand-held instrument (2).)

1. A medical hand-operated instrument (2) having:

two handle elements (14, 16) which can be pivoted relative to each other; and

a spring element (28; 128) having two spring element ends (36, 38; 136) which are each connected to one of the two grip elements (14, 16; 114) in such a way that, when at least one of the two grip elements (14, 16; 114; 214) is pivoted out of a basic position, it can be pivoted back into the basic position by means of the spring element (28; 128),

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

at least one of the two spring element ends (36, 38; 136) is connected to the respective grip element (14, 16; 114) in a form-fitting manner by way of a back recess produced by plastic deformation of the spring element (28: 128), and the back recess engages with the grip element (14, 16; 114) in all relative positions of the spring element (36, 38; 136) relative to the respective grip element (14, 16; 114) in such a way that it cannot be detached.

2. The medical hand-operated instrument (2) according to claim 1, characterised in that the spring element (28: 128) is provided as a one-piece construction.

3. The medical hand-operated instrument (2) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one spring element end (36, 38; 136) is connected to the grip element (14, 16; 114) in such a way that the spring element (28; 128; 228; 328; 428) can only be pivoted in a pivot plane relative to the grip element (14, 16; 114), the at least one spring element end (36, 38; 136) being connected to the respective grip element (14, 16; 114) in a form-fitting manner.

4. Medical hand-operated instrument (2) according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the at least one handle element (14, 16; 114) which is connected in a form-fitting manner to the respective spring element end (36, 38; 136) has a sleeve opening (44; 144), the spring element end (36, 38; 136) being connected in a form-fitting manner to the sleeve opening (44; 144).

5. The medical hand-piece (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein one of the two spring element ends (338) is connected to the respective handle element (316) by means of a plug connection, wherein the spring element end (338) can be inserted into a spring element end receptacle (358) formed on the handle element (316) and is held in the spring element end receptacle (358) by means of a bead.

6. A method for producing a medical hand-held instrument (2) having the following steps:

-connecting the two handle elements (14, 16; 114) such that they can pivot relative to each other;

-forming the spring element (28; 128) such that it has two spring element ends (36, 38; 136);

-plastically deforming the spring element (28; 128); and

-connecting each spring element end (36, 38; 136) with the respective grip element (14, 16; 114) in such a way that it can be pivoted back into the basic position by means of the spring element (28; 128) when at least one of the two grip elements (14, 16; 114; is pivoted out of the basic position,

wherein the deformation of the spring element (28; 128) brings about a form-fitting connection of at least one of the two spring element ends (36, 38; 136) to the respective grip element (14, 16; 114),

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the positive connection and the plastic deformation of the spring element (28; 128) occur simultaneously.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a medical hand-held instrument, in particular of the tweezers or scissors type, having two handle elements or handles which can be pivoted relative to one another, and having a spring element, preferably in the form of a U-shaped or V-shaped bent leaf spring, which has two spring element ends which are each connected to one of the two handle elements, in such a way that, when at least one of the two handle elements is pivoted out of a basic position, it can be pivoted back into the basic position by means of the spring element.

Background

DE 202010007995U 1 discloses an instrument in which an integral leaf spring is screwed onto one side of the instrument or instrument handle and rests with its free end against the opposite side of the instrument or another instrument handle. This brings with it some disadvantages: since the gap between the nut thread and the screw cannot be cleaned in practice, the use of threads is generally avoided as much as possible in surgical instruments. In the device according to DE 202010007995U 1, the leaf spring bears directly against the inside of the device in the region of the helical engagement, so that here too a very narrow, uncleanable gap is produced between the leaf spring and the device. Moisture or cleaning liquid is difficult to dry from the gap and can corrode after a certain time. In addition, the leaf spring can penetrate the corrosion-prone region and weaken its geometry, whereby the leaf spring is at risk of breaking in this position. The free leaf spring ends rub in bearing regions on the opposite instrument side during the movement and use of the instrument. This friction permanently deteriorates the surface quality of the bearing region and likewise increases the susceptibility to corrosion here.

DE 202009002433U 1 discloses an instrument with two handles, each of which is provided with a screwed-on leaf spring part. In order to be able to pivot back into the basic position, the two leaf spring parts support each other. The instrument according to the document DE 202009002433U 1 has the same disadvantages in terms of its cleaning properties as the instrument according to the document DE 202010007995U 1, in particular due to its screw engagement. Furthermore, a relatively sharp plug connection is present in the contact range of the two free leaf spring ends. Since this position is located in the middle of the easily accessible gripping area of the instrument, the surgical gloves of the user may be cut or damaged in this case. Even if the connection site is deburred well in the new state of the appliance, a certain amount of wear and burrs are formed after several uses.

Document DE 202009001809U 1 relates to a device, the spring mechanism of which, like the device according to document DE 202009002433U 1, is formed by two leaf spring parts screwed together. In order to avoid at least the above-mentioned disadvantages of pointed plug-in connection points, a ball-and-socket and seat geometry is provided between the leaf spring elements. However, due to the screw joint and the geometry of the ball socket and the bearing, the instrument according to DE 202009001809U 1 is still disadvantageous in terms of its cleaning. Furthermore, the spring mechanism according to DE 202009001809U 1 is complicated to produce, since the illustrated geometry has to be welded to the free leaf spring ends or has to be complexly milled out.

Document DE 202011052256U 1 describes an instrument whose spring mechanism consists of a leaf spring member which is screwed and a second member which is suspended in an articulated manner at its free end. Due to the helical engagement and complexity of the spring mechanism, the instrument according to document DE 202011052256U 1 is also relatively difficult to clean and cumbersome to manufacture.

Such instruments are described, for example, in documents DE 10137915B 4, DE 102007030874B 4 or DE 102014102606 a1, in which the spring mechanism is formed at least partially with the respective handle part in a complex manner. These devices are also disadvantageous not only because of their complex manufacture, but also because the leaf spring components are not easily replaceable or removable.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the instruments according to the mentioned prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a medical hand-operated instrument which is easy to clean, relatively wear-and/or relatively simple to repair and manufacture.

This object is achieved by a medical hand-held instrument having the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

The invention therefore relates to a medical hand-held instrument having two handle elements (handle, handle lever, lever arm) which can be pivoted relative to one another and a spring element (leaf spring). The spring element, which is preferably bent in a U-or V-shape, has two ends, which are subsequently referred to as spring element ends. Both spring element ends are each connected to a respective one of the two handle elements in such a way that, when pivoting out of the basic position at least one of the two handle elements relative to the other handle element, it can be pivoted back into the basic position by means of the spring element.

That is, when one of the two handle elements is manually pivoted by a user of the instrument, the spring element is able to pivot the pivoted handle element back into its basic position once the user releases the pivoted handle part. The medical hand-operated instrument is preferably a forceps-like or scissors-like instrument. The manual instrument preferably has an opening element or load arm with respect to a hinge which pivotably connects the handle elements. If the manual instrument is a forceps-like or scissors-like instrument, the basic position refers to the open or closed position of the opening element. The medical hand-held instrument can be designed such that the two handle elements pivot when the hand-held instrument is used. However, the medical hand-held instrument can also be designed such that only one handle element is pivoted during use. If only one handle element is provided for pivoting, the other handle element during pivoting only acts as a support for the user's hand.

The medical hand-held instrument according to the invention is characterized in that at least one of the two spring element ends is connected to the respective handle element in a form-fitting manner by way of a back recess produced by plastic deformation of the spring element, and the back recess engages the handle element in such a way that it cannot be detached in all relative positions of the spring element relative to the respective handle element.

The expression "all relative positions of the spring element with respect to the respective handle element" is used here to refer to all these positions of the spring element, i.e. all positions that the spring element connected to the respective handle element can assume with respect to the respective handle element, without the form-fitting connection between the spring element and the respective handle element (which results from plastic deformation) being broken.

In other words, at least one of the two spring element ends is designed such that it can be snapped onto the respective grip element or can be latched together with the respective grip element. In this context, "hooked on" or "catch" or "latching" means that the connection between the spring element and the corresponding grip element is ensured at least in one direction by a positive fit.

According to the invention, the form fit is not achieved by means of an auxiliary joining element, for example a rivet, but indirectly by deformation of the spring element.

The deformation can be carried out before, during or after the spring element is placed on the respective handle part. More precisely, the individual spring elements are first plastically deformed into a hook or latch structure on at least one spring element end and then hooked or latched with the respective handle element. It is also possible to place or rest the spring element end, which has not yet been deformed, on the respective handle element, so that the spring element end, which is loosely placed or rests on the handle element, is then hooked or latched or connected to the handle element by deformation of the spring element end. Finally, it is also possible for the spring element end, which has been formed beforehand in any feasible manner in the form of a hook or latch element, to penetrate into a correspondingly formed structure on the handle element in order to be connected to the corresponding handle element. The spring element is designed in such a way that it is at least temporarily elastically deformed during the penetration.

If the spring element is deformed for connecting the spring element and the corresponding handle element, the auxiliary engagement part can be omitted in an advantageous manner. The omission of parts is not only advantageous in production, but also in cleaning the hand-held instrument according to the invention, since the surface is reduced due to the reduced number of parts.

By forming the spring element as a single piece according to a further aspect of the invention, the cleaning and the manufacturability of the hand-held instrument can be further improved. In particular, the spring element can be designed as a U-shaped or V-shaped (i.e. with two legs) leaf spring. The two legs of the leaf spring can expand in the same direction as the two handle members.

In order to improve the handling of the medical hand-held instrument, it is advantageous according to a further aspect of the invention if the at least one spring element end which is hooked together with the respective handle element end and/or the at least one handle element which is hooked together or latched together with the respective spring element end is designed such that the spring element can be pivoted relative to the handle element in only one pivoting plane. In other words, it is advantageous if the latching or latching of the spring element with the respective handle element can be designed such that, at least in the basic position of the handle element, only a relative pivoting movement of the spring element relative to the handle element is permitted, i.e. only a pivoting movement of the spring element in the pivoting plane of the handle element or in a plane parallel to the pivoting plane of the handle element is permitted. The pivoting movement of the spring element in all other directions is then prevented by the material of the handle element in a form-fitting manner and/or in a friction-fitting manner.

A relatively stable connection of the spring element end to the handle element is ensured according to a further aspect of the invention if the at least one spring element end, which is hooked or latched to the respective handle element, is connected to the handle element by plastic deformation of the spring element.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a trepan may be provided on the at least one handle element which is hooked together with the respective spring element end, said spring element end being hooked together with the trepan. The sleeve opening can advantageously laterally enclose the hooked or latched spring element end, so that the possibility of accidentally releasing the connection between the hooked or latched spring element end and the corresponding grip element is reduced.

According to another aspect of the invention, the two ends of the fork-shaped part of the respective handle element are connected by means of a pin to form the trepan. In this way, the production of the hand-held instrument can be simplified.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the production can also be simplified in that only one spring element end is designed in the form of a hook or detent element, while the connection of the other spring element end to the corresponding grip element is made simpler. In particular, the end of the spring element which is not hooked or provided for latching is connected to the corresponding grip element only by means of a plug connection. For the plug connection, the spring element end can project into a spring element end receptacle formed on the handle element and be held in the spring element end receptacle by a raised edge. "tilting" means in this context that the spring force of the spring element rotates the respective spring element end in the spring element receptacle in such a way that it is pressed locally (i.e. in a specific position) against the inner wall of the spring element receptacle and in this position brings about a frictional engagement of the spring element end and the spring element receptacle. Alternatively or additionally, the connection of the spring element end, which is not designed as a hook, to the respective handle element can also be realized by means of a press fit.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the at least one spring element end which is hooked or latched to the respective grip element is connected to the grip element by elastic deformation of the spring element. In this way, the connection between the hooked or latched spring element end and the corresponding handle element can be designed and can be assembled or disassembled without tools, so that both the production and cleaning of the hand-held instrument are simplified.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the at least one spring element end which is hooked or latched to the respective handle element has two projections. In order to connect the spring element to the respective handle element, a support eye is provided on the handle element, with which the two projections can interact. These two projections on the spring element end are referred to below as spring element end projections. By providing two spring element end projections, complete failure of the connection between the hooked or latched spring element end and the corresponding grip element can be prevented more easily. If a spring element end projection is damaged in such a way that it no longer contributes to the connection between the spring element and the handle element, another spring element end projection can maintain at least one temporary connection.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the two bearing eyes each have a slot extending in the axial direction of the bearing eye for insertion of the respective spring element end projection. These slots can be dimensioned, in particular as parallel gaps, such that the spring element end projections, which are provided in particular flat, can be inserted into these slots and introduced into the bearing eyes only if the spring element ends, which are provided with the spring element end projections, are oriented substantially parallel to these slots. The installation and removal of the medical hand-held instrument can be further simplified by means of the gaps. If these slots are designed as parallel gaps in the manner described, the safety of the connection can be ensured at the same time.

The invention also relates to a method for producing a medical hand-held instrument. The method has the following steps:

connecting the two handle elements (handlebar, handle lever, lever arm) so that they can pivot relative to one another;

the spring element (in particular a preferably U-shaped or V-shaped leaf spring) is configured such that it has two spring element ends;

-plastically and/or elastically deforming the spring element; and

-connecting each spring element end with the respective handle element in such a way that when at least one of the two handle elements is pivoted out of the basic position, it can be pivoted back into the basic position by means of the spring element.

The method is characterized in that the deformation of the spring element brings about a form-locking connection of at least one of the two spring element ends to the respective handle element. According to the invention, therefore, at least one spring element end is connected to the respective handle element in a form-fitting manner by plastically and/or elastically deforming the spring element.

The form-fitting connection can be carried out simultaneously with the deformation of the spring element or after the deformation of the spring element.

In particular, the two spring element ends can be connected to the respective handle element in a form-fitting manner while the spring element is deformed.

Drawings

The invention is described in detail below with the aid of preferred embodiments and with reference to the attached drawings. Wherein:

fig. 1 shows a medical hand-held instrument according to a first embodiment of the invention in a perspective detail view;

fig. 2 shows a hook of the spring element end and the handle element according to a first embodiment of the invention in a sectional view;

fig. 3A shows in perspective view a catch of the spring element end and the handle element according to a second embodiment of the invention;

fig. 3B shows the catch of fig. 3A in a cross-sectional view;

fig. 4A shows in perspective view a catch of the spring element end and the handle element according to a third embodiment of the invention;

fig. 4B shows the catch of fig. 4A in a cross-sectional view;

fig. 5A shows in perspective view a catch of the end of the spring element and the handle element according to a fourth embodiment of the invention;

fig. 5B shows the catch of fig. 5A in a cross-sectional view;

fig. 5C shows in perspective view the end of a spring element inserted into a handle element according to a fourth embodiment;

FIG. 5D illustrates the spring element end shown in FIG. 5c in a cross-sectional view;

fig. 6A shows in perspective view a catch of the spring element end and the handle element according to a fifth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6B shows a spring element end according to a fifth embodiment in a top view; and

fig. 6C shows the catch of fig. 6A in a cross-sectional view.

Identical or functionally equivalent features are provided with the same reference signs in the individual figures. The two-digit reference number refers herein to the first embodiment. The three-digit reference number from the number "1" refers to the second embodiment. The three-digit reference number from the number "2" refers to the third embodiment. The three-digit reference number from the number "3" refers to the fourth embodiment. The three-digit reference number from the number "4" refers to the fifth embodiment.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a medical hand-operated instrument 2 according to a first embodiment. The hand-held instrument 2 is formed in the form of a pair of pliers or scissors. That is to say it has two levers 4 and 6 which are connected to one another in a pivotable manner by means of a hinge. The section of the manual instrument 2 on the side of the hinge 8 is an opening section 10 (only partially shown). While the section on the other side of the hinge 8 is a handle section. The proximal parts of these levers 4 and 6 constitute a handle section 12 of the manual instrument 2 and are referred to below as handle elements 14 and 16.

The grip element 14 of the lever 4 and the grip element 16 of the lever 6 are designed substantially symmetrically to one another. The two grip elements 14 and 16 each have a recess 18 on the side facing away from the other grip element 16 and 14, in order to ensure a good tactile sensation when grasping the hand-held instrument 2. On the proximal side of the handle section 12, at the free ends of the handle elements 14 and 16, the handle elements 14 and 16 have handle projections 20 and 22, respectively, on the side facing away from the other handle element 16 and 14. Also at a distance of one hand width from the free end, these grip elements 14 and 16 have grip projections 24 and 26, respectively, on the side facing away from the other grip element 16 and 14. The handle protrusions 20 and 24 or 22 and 26 define an area on the handle members 14 and 16, respectively, where a user preferably grasps or should preferably grasp the handle section 12. These handle protrusions 20 and 24 or 22 and 26 are used here to prevent slipping of the user's fingers.

Between these handle elements 4 and 6a spring element 28 is arranged. The spring element 28 is substantially U-shaped or V-shaped and has two legs 30 and 32 which are connected to one another by an arc-shaped section 34. The legs 30 or 32 are bent away from the other leg 32 or 30 at their respective free ends. These bent regions are referred to below as connecting sections 36.

The two legs 30 and 32, the arc-shaped section 34 and the connecting sections 36 and 38 are formed in one piece in the form of bent leaf springs and are preferably made of spring steel.

These grip elements 14 and 16 each have two webs 40 and 42 which extend parallel to one another and parallel to the pivot axis of the hinge 8 on the side facing the other grip element 16 or 14 (i.e. approximately 2 fingers wide from the free end of the grip element 14 or 16). The two webs 40 and 42 of each handle element 14 or 16 each have a recess 44 in a central position. The two webs 40 and 42 of the respective handle element 14 or 16 are spaced apart from one another or the gap between the two webs 40 and 42 of the respective handle element 14 or 16 is dimensioned such that the connecting sections 36 and 38 can be inserted between the respective webs 40 and 42 by means of an interference fit when the spring element 28 is mounted on the handle elements 14 and 16.

In order to hook the connecting portion 36 with the handle element 14 or to hook the connecting portion 38 with the handle element 16, the connecting portion 36 or 38 engages through the recess 44, as shown in fig. 2. Specifically, the connecting portion 36 or 38 is first inserted between the connecting plates 40 and 42. Subsequently, a tool (not shown) is passed through the recess 44 of the connecting plate 40 and pressed against the connecting sections 36 or 38 (see arrow a in fig. 2), so that these connecting sections 36 and 38 are deformed locally and the snap-in projections 46 produced as a result of this deformation project into the recess 44 of the connecting plate 42. The latching or latching of the spring element 28 and the grip element 14 or 16 is effected primarily by latching or latching of the snap-in projection 46 with the connecting plate 42. In other words, the snap-in projection 46 forms a back recess according to the invention, which is connected to the handle element 14 by the webs 40 and 42 in a form-fitting manner.

In order to release the catch or latch of the spring element 28 with the handle element 14 or 16, the tool (not shown) merely has to pass through the recess 44 of the connecting plate 42 and press against the snap-in projection 46 (see arrow B in fig. 2), so that the connecting section 36 or 38 is locally reshaped, whereby the snap-in projection 46 is flattened and no longer projects into the recess 44 of the connecting plate 42. The catch or latch of the spring element 28 with the handle element 14 or 16 can therefore only be released by breaking the snap-in projection 46. A lossless release is not possible.

The relative position of the grip elements 14 and 16, in which the spring element 28, which is hooked or latched together with the grip elements 14 and 16, is not tensioned, is referred to below as the basic position. In this basic position, the web 40 of the handle element 14 is flush with the web 40 of the handle element 16. Accordingly, the connecting plate 42 of the handle member 14 is flush with the connecting plate 42 of the handle member 16.

Since the gap between the webs 40 and 42 of the handle elements 14 and 16 is also open in the direction perpendicular to the pivot plane of the handle elements 14 and 16, the spring element 28 can also be pushed into the gap between the webs 40 and 42 of the handle elements 14 and 16 for mounting from the side (i.e. in the direction perpendicular to the pivot plane of the handle elements 14 and 16) by means of its connecting sections 36 and 38.

In the first exemplary embodiment described above, the recesses 44 are formed in such a way that the respective connecting section 36 or 38 is pushed in between the respective connecting plates 40 and 42 so far that, after the deformation of the connecting section 36 or 38 around the snap-in projection 46, a part of the connecting section 36 or 38 is still located between the respective connecting plates 40 and 42.

The second exemplary embodiment of the invention shown in fig. 3A and 3B differs from the first exemplary embodiment in that the recess 144 in the connecting plate 142 is configured to be so large that the free end of the connecting portion 136 of the spring element 128 can be completely embedded in the recess 144 after deformation of the spring element 128. In the second embodiment, the snap projection is not formed by deformation, but a raised edge 148 is formed. The latching or latching of the spring element 128 is not effected by snapping but by flanging.

In the third exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 4A and 4B, the latching or latching of the spring element 228 with the grip element 214 is effected by means of a raised edge 248 of the connecting section 236. However, the handle member 214 has only one web 240. The connecting plate has two projections 250 on its free end, which extend substantially parallel to the handle element 214 and which have through-holes on its free end, into which through-holes a pin 252 is inserted by means of a press fit in such a way that the pin 252 forms a sleeve hole 244 together with the projections 250 and the connecting plate 240 in order to snap or latch together with the raised edge 248. According to a third embodiment (in comparison with the hinge 8 of the first embodiment), the gap between these projections 250 is parallel to the extension direction of the handle element 214, or the pin 252 is parallel to the pivot axis of the hinge of the manual instrument.

In contrast to the previous two embodiments, the spring element 228 in the third embodiment is deformed before being mounted with the handle element 214. For mounting, the spring element 228 is moved between the projections 250 by means of its raised edge 248 on the connection plate 240 or rests on the connection plate 240 in such a way that the space defined by this raised edge 248 is flush with the through-opening at the end of the projection 250. The snap or latch of the spring element 228 to the grip element 214 is achieved by subsequently inserting the pin 252 into the through hole, blocking the upturned end of the spring element 228.

In the fourth embodiment shown in fig. 5A and 5D, the spring element 328 has also been deformed prior to installation. As in the second and third exemplary embodiments, the latching or latching of the spring element 328 to the grip element 314 in the fourth exemplary embodiment is also realized by means of a flange. While the free end of the connecting section 336 is not only tilted but also completely rolled up, thus having a bead 354. The handle member 314 has two projections 356 extending in a direction toward the other handle member 328 (shown in fig. 5C and 5D). As in the third embodiment, the gaps between the projections 356 extend parallel to the direction of extension of the handle member 314. In order to connect the spring element 328 to the handle element 314, the projections 356 have through-openings at their free ends, into which through-openings the pins 352 can be inserted by means of a press fit, in such a way that the pins 352, together with the projections 356 and the handle element 328, form the sleeve openings 344 for latching or latching with the beads 354. To achieve the mounting, the spring element 328 is moved on or against the grip element 314 between the projections 356 by means of its rolled edge 354, such that the space defined by the rolled edge 354 is flush with the through-holes at the ends of the projections 356. By subsequently inserting the pin 352, the rolled-over end of the spring element 328 is blocked, so that a latching or latching of the spring element 328 to the handle element 314 is achieved. Since the handle element 314 has absolutely no connecting webs, the connecting section 336, which is snapped or latched with the pin 352, can be pivoted about the pin 352 in the installed state of the spring element 328.

In the case of the fourth embodiment, only one of the two spring element ends on the manual appliance according to the invention must be hooked or latched together with the handle element in the manner according to the invention. As fig. 5C and 5D show, the connecting section 338 of the spring element 328 can only be tilted such that it can only be inserted into a receptacle 358 formed on the handle element 316, which is also referred to subsequently as a spring element end receptacle, and cannot be snapped together with the handle element 316.

A fifth embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 6A to 6C. The connecting section 436 of the leaf-spring-like spring element 428 has two stamped-out parts 460, which are formed in such a way that a T-shaped end section 462 is formed on the spring element 428. In other words, the connecting section 436 has two projections which are configured such that a T-shaped end section 462 is formed. The crossbar of the T-shaped end section 462 serves as a pivot axis for the spring element 428 in the mounted state. The grip element 414 has two projections 456 on the side facing the other grip element (not shown) extending in the direction of the other grip element, said projections 456 extending parallel to the direction of extension of the grip element 414. On their respective free ends, the projections 456 each have a bearing eye 464 which has a slot 466 which extends in each case towards the edge of the respective projection 456. The width of this gap 466 is only slightly greater than the thickness of the spring element 428.

In order to snap the spring element 428 according to the fifth embodiment together with the respective handle element 414, the crossbar of the T-shaped end section 462 is pushed through the slit 466 into the bearing eye 464. During the insertion process, the leg 430 of the spring element 428 is aligned in a forced manner parallel to the slot 466 (see the installation position indicated in fig. 6C). The same applies to the other handle element (not shown) for mounting the spring element 428. Finally, in order to hook or latch the spring element 428 with the grip element, the grip element is deformed in such a way that its leg 430 and the other leg (not shown) extend in the direction of the hinge of the hand-held instrument (not shown) according to the fifth embodiment, and the crossbar of the T-shaped end section 462 is rotated in such a way that it can no longer be moved through the slit 466 (see basic position D in fig. 6C). The cross-bar is captured in the bearing hole 464 and maintained until the leg of the spring element 428 is not intentionally pivoted to the installation position C. In particular in the normal pivoting region E (see fig. 6C), in which the foot of the spring element 428 is moved when using the manual implement according to the fifth embodiment, the end section of the spring element 428 remains trapped in the bearing eye of the handle element. The spring element 428 is preferably configured such that each position within the pivot region E is more stable than in the mounting position C. In order to still make possible as simple a mounting as possible, the spring element 428 can be provided in the form of a clicker (knackfresch), wherein the mounting position C is at least one metastable position of the spring element 428.

The medical hand-operated instrument according to the invention shown in fig. 1 to 6C and in the embodiments described above is only five possible embodiments of the claimed invention.

List of reference numerals

x, xx belonging to the parts of the first embodiment

2 hand-operated instrument

4. 6 lever

8 hinge

10 opening section

12 handle section

14. 16 handle element

18 recesses in the handle member

20. 22, 24, 26 handle protrusions

28 spring element

30. 32 foot of spring element

34 arc-shaped section of spring element

36. 38 connecting section of a spring element

40. 42 connecting plate on handle element

44 notches in the connecting plate

46 snap-in projection

1xx belongs to the parts of the second embodiment

148 raised edge

2xx belongs to the parts of the third embodiment

250 projection on connecting plate

252 pin

3xx belongs to the parts of the fourth embodiment

354 crimping

356 protrusions on handle member

358 spring element end receiver

4xx parts belonging to the fifth embodiment

460 press forming part

462T-shaped end section

464 supporting eye

466 slit

A direction of insertion of a tool for plastic deformation

B insertion direction for restoring shape tool

C mounting position

D basic position

E spring element pivoting