阅读说明：本技术 一种重稠油降黏生产合成原油的方法及装置 (Method and device for producing synthetic crude oil by reducing viscosity of heavy thickened oil ) 是由 门存贵 李大鹏 黄传峰 任健 蒋中山 于 2018-08-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种重稠油降黏生产合成原油的方法及装置,通过引入介观尺度的微界面化学反应与传递过程协同强化新理念,在乳化床加氢反应中不仅实现了重稠油高效降黏,还能对重稠油进行改质。与其他重稠油降黏生产合成原油技术相比,本发明具有操作条件温和、高效清洁、资源利用率高、成本低等优势。(The invention discloses a method and a device for producing synthetic crude oil by heavy oil viscosity reduction, which not only realize high-efficiency viscosity reduction of heavy oil, but also modify the heavy oil in an emulsion bed hydrogenation reaction by introducing a new concept of synergistic reinforcement of a micro-interface chemical reaction and a transfer process with mesoscopic scale. Compared with other technologies for producing synthetic crude oil by reducing viscosity of heavy thickened oil, the method has the advantages of mild operation conditions, high efficiency, cleanness, high resource utilization rate, low cost and the like.)

1. The utility model provides a device of heavy viscous crude oil viscosity reduction production synthetic crude oil which characterized in that: comprises an emulsion bed hydrogenation reaction device (3) connected with heavy thickened oil (1), a catalyst (2) and a hydrogen (15) pipeline, wherein a reaction product (4) of the emulsion bed hydrogenation reaction device (3) is connected with an inlet of a gas-liquid separator (5), mixed oil (6) separated by the gas-liquid separator (5) is separated by a suspension separator (7) to obtain synthetic crude oil (8) and tail oil (9), mixed light hydrocarbon (10) separated by the gas-liquid separator (5) enters a desulfurization and sulfur recovery device (11) to remove sulfur-containing substances, sulfur (12) and CH are obtained₄C2-C4 hydrocarbon component, H₂The purified gas (13) enters a hydrogen production device (14) to produce hydrogen (15).

2. The method for producing the synthetic crude oil by reducing viscosity of the heavy oil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

a. the heavy viscous oil (1) is uniformly mixed with the catalyst (2), then is mixed with hydrogen (15), enters the hydrogenation reaction device (3) of the emulsifying bed for conversion and viscosity reduction after heat exchange and heating, and the operation pressure of the hydrogenation device (3) of the emulsifying bed is 2.0-4.0 MPa, the temperature is 400-470 ℃, and the airspeed is 0.5-1.5 h^-1The hydrogen-oil ratio is quantitative hydrogen supply;

b. feeding the reaction product (4) obtained in the step a) into a gas-liquid separator (5) of an online separation system to be separated into mixed light hydrocarbon (10) and mixed oil (6), and separating the mixed oil (6) through a suspension separator (7) to obtain synthetic crude oil (8) and tail oil (9);

c. the mixed light hydrocarbon obtained in the step b) enters a desulfurization and sulfur recovery device (11) to remove sulfur-containing substances, and sulfur (12) and CH are obtained₄C2-C4 hydrocarbon component, H₂The purified gas (13) enters a hydrogen production device (14) to produce hydrogen (15).

3. The heavy crude oil of claim 2, wherein said heavy crude oil comprisesThe method for producing synthetic crude oil by adhesion is characterized in that the size of hydrogen microbubbles serving as a dispersed phase in the emulsion bed hydrogenation reaction device (4) is 10-1000 mu m, and the gas-liquid ratio phase interface area is 2000-20000 m²/m³。

4. The method for producing synthetic crude oil by visbreaking heavy thickened oil according to claim 2, wherein the emulsion bed hydrogenation reaction device can process heavy oil with high metal content, high asphaltene content, high solid content, high carbon residue and high sulfur nitrogen content, wherein the heavy oil contains 0.1-8 wt% of sulfur, 0.1-1.0 wt% of nitrogen, 0.01-1 wt% of solid content, 10-2000 ppm of metal (Fe + Ni + V), 0.1-25 wt% of asphaltene and 1-40 wt% of carbon residue.

5. The method for producing synthetic crude oil by visbreaking heavy thickened oil according to claim 2, wherein the emulsion bed hydrogenation reaction device (4) has a desulfurization rate of 50-75 wt%, a denitrification rate of 30-45 wt% and a demetallization rate of more than 80 wt%.

6. The method for producing syncrude by visbreaking heavy crude oil according to claim 2, wherein the yield of syncrude is>90％，API°>16, the gas yield is 3.0-5.0 wt%, and the kinematic viscosity is less than or equal to 380mm²·s^-1。

7. The method for producing synthetic crude oil by reducing viscosity of heavy oil according to claim 2, wherein the catalyst is prepared by compounding a carrier with a particle size of 10-1000 μm and an active metal component, the carrier is one or more of bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, petroleum-based, coal-based active coke, active carbon particles, active carbon fibers, carbon black and foam carbon, and the active metal component is one or more of iron oxide, red mud, fly ash, blast furnace ash, bauxite, molybdenum oxide, molybdenum disulfide, calcium molybdate, ammonium paramolybdate, sodium molybdate, molybdenum hexafluoride, nickel oxide, nickel sesquioxide, nickel hydroxide, nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel nitrate, nickel carbonyl, cobalt oxide, cobalt sulfate, cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, pyrite, hematite, molybdenite, cobaltite and cobaltosic ore.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of petrochemical industry, and relates to a method and a device for producing synthetic crude oil by reducing viscosity of heavy and thick oil.

Background

The world heavy oil resources are rich, such as Venezuela heavy oil, Canada oil sand bitumen and the like, and play an important role in the exploitation and processing of petroleum in the world. Because the heavy thick oil has high viscosity, the heavy thick oil is very inconvenient to be mined, collected, transported and processed, and the heavy thick oil generally needs to be subjected to primary processing to reduce the viscosity so as to be sold to all over the world by pipelines or oil wheels.

Currently, the common viscosity-reducing methods mainly include a dilution method, a thermal modification method and the like. The dilution method is to use a large amount of light oil, to mix the light oil into heavy oil to reduce the viscosity, and then to separate and recycle the light oil, which not only needs to consume a large amount of light oil, but also is limited by the light oil source. In the aspect of thermal modification, the viscosity of heavy oil can be greatly reduced by a visbreaking technology and a delayed coking technology, the raw material adaptability is strong, the device is simple, and the device plays a great role in visbreaking heavy oil. However, the method has the problems of large coke production amount, low liquid yield, large resource waste, high cost and certain environmental protection.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method and a device for producing synthetic crude oil by viscosity reduction of heavy thick oil, which not only realize high-efficiency viscosity reduction of heavy thick oil, but also modify heavy thick oil, and have the advantages of mild operation, high-efficiency cleanness and low cost.

In order to achieve the purpose, the device comprises an emulsion bed hydrogenation reaction device connected with heavy thick oil, a catalyst and a hydrogen pipeline, wherein a reaction product 4 product of the emulsion bed hydrogenation reaction device is connected with an inlet of a gas-liquid separator, mixed oil separated by the gas-liquid separator is separated by a suspension separator to obtain synthetic crude oil and tail oil, mixed light hydrocarbon separated by the gas-liquid separator enters a desulfurization and sulfur recovery device to remove sulfur-containing substances to obtain sulfur and CH₄C2-C4 hydrocarbon component, H₂The purified gas enters a hydrogen production device to produce hydrogen.

The method of the invention comprises the following steps:

a. the heavy thick oil is uniformly mixed with a catalyst, then is mixed with hydrogen, enters an emulsion bed hydrogenation reaction device for conversion and viscosity reduction after heat exchange and heating, and the operation pressure of the emulsion bed hydrogenation device is 2.0-4.0 MPa, the temperature is 400-470 ℃, and the space velocity is 0.5-1.5 h^-1The hydrogen-oil ratio is quantitative hydrogen supply;

b. feeding the reaction product obtained in the step a) into a gas-liquid separator of an on-line separation system to be separated into mixed light hydrocarbon and mixed oil, and separating the mixed oil through a suspension separator to obtain synthetic crude oil and tail oil;

c. the mixed light hydrocarbon obtained in the step b) enters a desulfurization and sulfur recovery device to remove sulfur-containing substances, sulfur and CH are obtained₄C2-C4 hydrocarbon component, H₂The purified gas enters a hydrogen production device to produce hydrogen.

The size of hydrogen microbubbles serving as a dispersed phase in the hydrogenation reaction device of the emulsion bed is 10-1000 mu m, and the gas-liquid phase interface area is 2000-20000 m²/m³。

The emulsion bed hydrogenation device can be used for processing heavy oil with high metal content, high asphaltene content, high solid content, high carbon residue content and high sulfur nitrogen content, wherein the sulfur content in the heavy oil is 0.1-8 wt%, the nitrogen content is 0.1-1.0 wt%, the solid content is 0.01-1 wt%, the metal (Fe + Ni + V) content is 10-2000 ppm, the asphaltene content is 0.1-25 wt%, and the carbon residue content is 1-40 wt%.

The emulsion bed hydrogenation reaction device has the desulfurization rate of 50-75 wt%, the denitrification rate of 30-45 wt% and the demetallization rate of more than 80 wt%.

The yield of the synthetic crude oil>90％，API°>16, the gas yield is 3.0-5.0 wt%, the coke content in the synthetic crude oil is less than 0.03 wt%, and the kinematic viscosity is less than or equal to 350mm²·s^-1。

The catalyst is prepared by compounding a carrier with the particle size of 10-1000 microns and active metal, wherein the carrier is one or more of bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite, petroleum-based active coke, coal-based active coke, active carbon particles, active carbon fibers, carbon black and foam carbon, and the active metal is one or more of iron oxide, red mud, fly ash, blast furnace dust, bauxite, molybdenum oxide, molybdenum disulfide, calcium molybdate, ammonium paramolybdate, sodium molybdate, molybdenum hexafluoride, nickel oxide, nickel sesquioxide, nickel hydroxide, nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel nitrate, nickel carbonyl, cobalt oxide, cobalt sulfate, cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, pyrite, hematite, molybdenite, cobaltite and cobaltosic ore.

According to the heavy oil viscosity reducing method, the viscosity of the heavy oil is reduced by the synergistic enhancement effect of the micro-interface chemical reaction and the transfer process of the mesoscopic scale, the high-efficiency viscosity reduction of the heavy oil is realized, the heavy oil can be modified, and the heavy oil viscosity reducing method has the advantages of being mild in operation, high in efficiency, clean, low in cost and the like.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, the device of the invention comprises an emulsion bed hydrogenation reaction device 3 connected with heavy thick oil 1, a catalyst 2 and a hydrogen 15 pipeline, a reaction product 4 of the emulsion bed hydrogenation reaction device 3 is connected with an inlet of a gas-liquid separator 5, mixed oil 6 separated by the gas-liquid separator 5 is separated by a suspension separator 7 to obtain synthetic crude oil 8 and tail oil 9, mixed light hydrocarbon 10 separated by the gas-liquid separator 5 enters a desulfurization and sulfur recovery device 11 to remove sulfur-containing substances, sulfur 12 and CH are obtained₄C2-C4 hydrocarbon component, H₂And the purge gas 13, the purge gas 13 enters a hydrogen production device 14 to produce hydrogen 15.

The method of the invention comprises the following steps:

a. the heavy thick oil 1 is firstly uniformly mixed with the catalyst 2, then is mixed with the hydrogen 15, enters the hydrogenation reaction device 3 of the emulsifying bed for conversion and viscosity reduction after heat exchange and heating, and the operation pressure of the hydrogenation device 3 of the emulsifying bed is 2.0-4.0 MPa, the temperature is 400-470 ℃, and the airspeed is 0.5-1.5 h^-1The hydrogen-oil ratio is quantitative hydrogen supply;

the catalyst is prepared by compounding a carrier with the particle size of 10-1000 microns and active metal, wherein the carrier is one or more of bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite, petroleum-based active coke, coal-based active coke, active carbon particles, active carbon fibers, carbon black and foam carbon, and the active metal is one or more of iron oxide, red mud, fly ash, blast furnace ash, bauxite, molybdenum oxide, molybdenum disulfide, calcium molybdate, ammonium paramolybdate, sodium molybdate, molybdenum hexafluoride, nickel oxide, nickelous trioxide, nickel hydroxide, nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel nitrate, nickel carbonyl, cobalt oxide, cobalt sulfate, cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, pyrite, hematite, molybdenite, cobaltosite and cobaltosite.

The hydrogenation reactor 3 of the fluidized bed is used as a dispersion phaseThe size of the hydrogen microbubbles is 10 to 1000 μm, and the gas-liquid interface area is 2000 to 20000m²/m³. The diffusion resistance of a liquid film in the constructed mesoscopic reaction system is greatly reduced, the phase interface is greatly improved, and the hydrogen dissolving and transferring capacity is enhanced;

b. feeding the reaction product 4 obtained in the step a) into a gas-liquid separator 5 of an on-line separation system to be separated into mixed light hydrocarbon 10 and mixed oil 6, and separating the mixed oil 6 through a suspension separator 7 to obtain synthetic crude oil 8 and tail oil 9;

c. the mixed light hydrocarbon obtained in the step b) enters a desulfurization and sulfur recovery device 11 to remove sulfur-containing substances, and sulfur 12 and CH are obtained₄C2-C4 hydrocarbon component, H₂And the purge gas 13, the purge gas 13 enters a hydrogen production device 14 to produce hydrogen 15.

The raw material of the emulsion bed hydrogenation reaction device 3 has strong adaptability, can process heavy viscous oil with high viscosity, high metal content, high asphaltene content, high solid content, high carbon residue and high sulfur nitrogen content, and has the specific indexes of API (American Petroleum institute) degree <8, sulfur content < 8%, nitrogen content <1.0 wt%, solid content <1.0 wt%, metal (Fe + Ni + V) content <2000ppm, asphaltene content <25 wt% and carbon residue content <40 wt%;

the desulfurization rate of the emulsion bed hydrogenation reaction device 3 is 50-75 wt%, the denitrification rate is 30-45 wt%, and the demetallization rate is more than 80 wt%; the single set of processing capacity of the fluidized bed viscosity reduction hydrocracking device 4 is 200-500 ten thousand tons/year.

The yield of the synthetic crude oil>90％，API°>16, the gas yield is 3.0-5.0 wt%, the coke content in the synthetic crude oil is less than 0.03 wt%, and the kinematic viscosity is less than or equal to 350mm²·s^-1。

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. in the invention, the diffusion resistance of a liquid film in a mesoscopic reaction system constructed in the fluidized bed hydrogenation reaction device is greatly reduced, the phase interface is greatly increased, the hydrogen dissolving and transferring capability is enhanced, and the hydrogenation reaction efficiency is obviously improved.

2. The invention not only realizes the one-step efficient clean conversion of the heavy and thick oil and reduces the viscosity to produce qualified synthetic crude oil, but also can further carry out the modification of desulfurization, denitrification, demetalization and the like on the raw oil.

3. Compared with other heavy thick oil viscosity reduction technologies, the method has the advantages of short process flow, mild operation conditions, high resource utilization rate, low cost, cleanness, environmental protection and the like.