阅读说明：本技术 一种高效节能环保型热解炉 (High-efficiency energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolysis furnace ) 是由 张艳 解海卫 于 2019-10-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种高效节能环保型热解炉。本发明热解炉的主体结构由上至下依次布置进料斗、星型给料机、热解气收集腔、热解腔、炉排和除渣机,热解气收集腔内布置热解气收集管,热解气收集管与燃气管道通过三通阀相连接；热解腔的外围是燃烧腔,燃烧腔内设置气体燃烧器,燃烧腔内设置两个气体燃烧器,每个气体燃烧器分别连接相应的燃气管道、助燃空气管道和烟气管道；助燃空气管道和烟气管道的另一端与回热器连接,回热器布置于热解炉主体之外。本发明的热解炉不仅可以充分利用自身热解的能量,而且可以有效避免物料焚烧产生的污染物质,具有高效、节能、清洁、环保、操作简单、可控性强等优点。(The invention discloses a high-efficiency energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolysis furnace. The main structure of the pyrolysis furnace is sequentially provided with a feed hopper, a star-shaped feeder, a pyrolysis gas collecting cavity, a pyrolysis cavity, a grate and a slag remover from top to bottom, wherein a pyrolysis gas collecting pipe is arranged in the pyrolysis gas collecting cavity and is connected with a gas pipeline through a three-way valve; the periphery of the pyrolysis cavity is provided with a combustion cavity, a gas burner is arranged in the combustion cavity, two gas burners are arranged in the combustion cavity, and each gas burner is respectively connected with a corresponding gas pipeline, a combustion-supporting air pipeline and a smoke pipeline; the other ends of the combustion air pipeline and the flue gas pipeline are connected with a heat regenerator, and the heat regenerator is arranged outside the pyrolysis furnace main body. The pyrolysis furnace disclosed by the invention can fully utilize the self pyrolysis energy, can effectively avoid pollutants generated by material incineration, and has the advantages of high efficiency, energy conservation, cleanness, environmental protection, simplicity in operation, strong controllability and the like.)

1. A high-efficiency energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolysis furnace is characterized by comprising a feed hopper, a star-shaped feeder, a pyrolysis gas collection cavity, a pyrolysis gas collection pipe, a gas pipeline, a combustion air pipeline, a flue gas pipeline, a heat regenerator, a pyrolysis cavity, a combustion cavity, a gas burner, a grate and a slag remover, wherein the feed hopper, the star-shaped feeder, the pyrolysis gas collection cavity, the pyrolysis cavity, the grate and the slag remover are sequentially arranged in the main structure of the pyrolysis furnace from top to bottom; the periphery of the pyrolysis cavity is provided with a combustion cavity, a gas burner is arranged in the combustion cavity, two gas burners are arranged in the combustion cavity, and each gas burner is respectively connected with a corresponding gas pipeline, a combustion-supporting air pipeline and a smoke pipeline; the other ends of the combustion air pipeline and the flue gas pipeline are connected with a heat regenerator, and the heat regenerator is arranged outside the pyrolysis furnace main body.

2. The pyrolysis furnace of claim 1, wherein the feed hopper is shaped as an inverted circular truncated cone.

3. The pyrolysis furnace of claim 1, wherein the material is divided into a drying layer, a dry distillation layer, a reduction layer and an oxidation layer from top to bottom in the pyrolysis chamber.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment of materials, in particular to a high-efficiency energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolysis furnace.

Background

Energy and environment are two hot research areas which are currently concerned. Particularly, with the rapid development of social economy, the demand of human energy is increasing. In the energy consumption structure of the world today, the proportion of clean renewable energy is still small, while the large-scale application of conventional energy (mainly fossil fuels) is accompanied by environmental pollution problems.

In addition, the incineration treatment of some materials, such as the incineration of garbage, not only can generate a large amount of toxic and harmful gases and ash residues, but also needs additional fuel for combustion supporting when the calorific value is low, thereby causing huge waste of energy.

The pyrolysis method is also called as pyrolysis method, and is a process of heating organic wastes to 500-1000 ℃ under the condition of no oxygen or poor oxygen, breaking chemical bonds of compounds by using heat energy, and converting organic matters with large molecular weight into combustible gas, liquid fuel and coke with small molecular weight. Compared with the burning method, the technology has the characteristics of less exhaust gas, most of sulfur, heavy metals and the like fixed in the residue, and can recover a large amount of heat energy. Accordingly, many researchers have designed a variety of pyrolysis apparatuses.

However, most of these pyrolysis apparatuses adopt the combustion and heating of the materials to be completed in a reaction chamber, and the main disadvantage is that the pyrolysis process is not easy to control, and often the purpose of material pyrolysis is not achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-efficiency energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolysis furnace with separated combustion and heated processes.

The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

a high-efficiency energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolysis furnace comprises a feed hopper, a star-shaped feeder, a pyrolysis gas collection cavity, a pyrolysis gas collection pipe, a gas pipeline, a combustion air pipeline, a flue gas pipeline, a heat regenerator, a pyrolysis cavity, a combustion cavity, a gas burner, a grate and a slag remover, wherein the feed hopper, the star-shaped feeder, the pyrolysis gas collection cavity, the pyrolysis cavity, the grate and the slag remover are sequentially arranged in the main structure of the pyrolysis furnace from top to bottom; the periphery of the pyrolysis cavity is provided with a combustion cavity, a gas burner is arranged in the combustion cavity, two gas burners are arranged in the combustion cavity, and each gas burner is respectively connected with a corresponding gas pipeline, a combustion-supporting air pipeline and a smoke pipeline; the other ends of the combustion air pipeline and the flue gas pipeline are connected with a heat regenerator, and the heat regenerator is arranged outside the pyrolysis furnace main body.

The high-efficiency energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolysis furnace is characterized in that the feed hopper is in an inverted circular truncated cone shape.

An energy-efficient environment-friendly pyrolysis oven, but a star type batcher that autogiration and sealed better is installed to the below of feeder hopper.

The high-efficiency energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolysis furnace is characterized in that materials are divided into a drying layer, a dry distillation layer, a reduction layer and an oxidation layer from top to bottom in a pyrolysis cavity.

According to the high-efficiency energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolysis furnace, pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis is output and reused by the pyrolysis gas collecting pipe arranged in the pyrolysis gas collecting cavity.

According to the efficient energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis gas collecting pipe is connected with the gas pipeline through the three-way valve, and pyrolysis gas or additional gas can be selected to enter the gas burner through adjusting the three-way valve.

According to the efficient energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolyzing furnace, materials are supported in a pyrolyzing cavity by virtue of the fire grate, and ash residues after pyrolysis fall into the slag remover and are removed through the fire grate gap.

According to the high-efficiency energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolysis furnace, high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion in the gas burner is used for heating materials in the pyrolysis cavity, and then flows through the heat regenerator to exchange heat with combustion air.

The invention has the beneficial and positive effects that:

1. according to the efficient energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolysis furnace, the inverted-frustum-shaped feed hopper can fully utilize the gravity of materials to slide into the pyrolysis cavity, so that the entropy increase in the process is reduced.

2. According to the efficient energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolysis furnace, the star-shaped feeder below the feed hopper can ensure that materials continuously enter the pyrolysis cavity and can seal pyrolysis gas in the pyrolysis gas collection cavity so as not to leak.

3. According to the efficient energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolysis furnace, solid materials only exist in the pyrolysis cavity, pyrolysis gas is filled in the pyrolysis gas collection cavity, and the design is favorable for collection of the pyrolysis gas.

4. According to the high-efficiency energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolysis furnace, a unique layered control process (the reaction mechanism is shown in the embodiment) of materials in the pyrolysis cavity can effectively avoid the generation of toxic and harmful substances.

5. According to the high-efficiency energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis cavity is separated from the combustion cavity, so that the controllability of the pyrolysis furnace during operation is enhanced.

6. According to the high-efficiency energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolysis furnace, energy required by material pyrolysis is supplied by combustion of combustible gas generated by self pyrolysis, and external energy is not required, so that the energy-saving effect is remarkable.

7. According to the high-efficiency energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolysis furnace, high-temperature flue gas discharged by the pyrolysis furnace heats combustion-supporting air through the heat regenerator, so that the heat efficiency of the pyrolysis furnace is greatly improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1: the embodiment of the invention discloses a schematic diagram of an efficient energy-saving environment-friendly pyrolysis furnace system.

In the figure: the device comprises a feed hopper 1, a star-shaped feeder 2, a three-way valve 3, a pyrolysis gas collection cavity 4, a pyrolysis gas collection pipe 5, a gas pipeline 6, a combustion-supporting air pipeline 7, a flue gas pipeline 8, a heat regenerator 9, a pyrolysis cavity 10, a combustion cavity 11, a gas burner 12, a fire grate 13 and a slag remover 14.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment includes a feed hopper 1, a star feeder 2, a three-way valve 3, a pyrolysis gas collection chamber 4, a pyrolysis gas collection pipe 5, a gas pipeline 6, a combustion air pipeline 7, a flue gas pipeline 8, a heat regenerator 9, a pyrolysis chamber 10, a combustion chamber 11, a gas burner 12, a grate 13, and a slag remover 14; the top end of the pyrolysis furnace is sequentially provided with a feed hopper 1, a star-shaped feeder 2 and a pyrolysis gas collection cavity 4 from top to bottom; a pyrolysis gas collecting pipe 5 is arranged in the pyrolysis gas collecting cavity 4, and the pyrolysis gas collecting pipe 5 is connected with a fuel gas pipeline 6 through a three-way valve 3; a pyrolysis cavity 10 is arranged below the pyrolysis gas collection cavity 4, and the materials are divided into a drying layer, a dry distillation layer, a reduction layer and an oxidation layer from top to bottom in the pyrolysis cavity 10; the bottom of the pyrolysis cavity 10 is provided with a grate 13; a slag remover 14 is arranged below the grate 13; the periphery of the pyrolysis cavity 10 is a combustion cavity 11; two gas burners 12 are arranged in the combustion cavity 11, and each gas burner 12 is respectively connected with the gas pipeline 6, the combustion air pipeline 7 and the flue gas pipeline 8; the other ends of the combustion air pipeline 7 and the flue gas pipeline 8 are connected with a heat regenerator 9 (a three-way valve, a pyrolysis gas collecting pipe, a fuel gas pipeline, a combustion air pipeline, a flue gas pipeline and a heat regenerator are provided, and the number of the components is two).

The method comprises the following steps of firstly starting a star-shaped feeder 2 at the beginning of operation of the pyrolysis furnace, slowly sliding the material temporarily stored in a feed hopper 1 into a pyrolysis cavity 10 under the rotation action of the star-shaped feeder 2, stopping the star-shaped feeder 2 when the material is filled in the whole pyrolysis cavity 10 or is less than the value (but the material is not allowed to overflow into a pyrolysis gas collection cavity 4 absolutely), wherein the star-shaped feeder 2 only plays the role of sealing pyrolysis gas, regulating a three-way valve 3 to enable the externally-added combustible gas to enter a gas burner 12 arranged in a combustion cavity 11 through a gas pipeline 6, starting the gas burner 12 at the same time, heating the material in the pyrolysis cavity 10 by using heat generated by gas combustion, dividing the material into a drying layer, a destructive distillation layer, a reduction layer and an oxidation layer from top to bottom in the pyrolysis cavity 10, wherein no obvious physical interface exists among the layers, controlling the reaction process of the layers, achieving the unique process of the device of the invention, wherein ① is arranged in the drying layer to achieve the purpose of preheating the material, and ② organic components in the material after being dried generate_nH_m(main component CH)₄) ③ coke falls to the reduction layer to react with C + H₂O＝CO+H₂And C + CO₂④ the incompletely reacted coke falls further to the oxide layer where C + O reaction occurs₂＝CO₂The heat generated by combustion supplies the energy required for the pyrolysis of the material, and CO is produced₂The reaction of the reduction layer can be supported to generate fuel gas; pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis reaction slowly escapes from the pyrolysis cavity 10 and enters the pyrolysis gas collection cavity 4; the three-way valve 3 is regulated and controlled to enable pyrolysis gas to enter the gas burner 12 through the pyrolysis gas collecting pipe 5 for burning, and combustible gas does not need to be added at the moment; after the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas fully heats the materials in the pyrolysis cavity 10, the high-temperature flue gas enters the heat regenerator 9 to heat combustion-supporting air, so that the recycling of waste heat is realized; the materials which are completely reacted fall into the slag remover 14 through the gaps of the fire grate 13 and are discharged out of the pyrolysis furnace for other purposes (such as brick making); along with the proceeding of the pyrolysis reaction, the star-shaped feeder 2 is opened and closed in time, and the continuous operation of the pyrolysis furnace can be realized.

The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the invention and are not limited to the technical solutions described in the invention, but the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any device and solution similar to the basic principle of the invention, which is modified or substituted by the equivalent, is within the protection scope of the invention.