阅读说明：本技术 一种带温差发电装置的自励式缓速器 (Self-excitation retarder with temperature difference power generation device ) 是由 唐彦鋆 何仁 于 2019-09-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种带温差发电装置的自励式缓速器,包括传动轴、转子、定子和固定架,所述转子与传动轴固定连接,所述定子固定安装在固定架上；所述转子的内侧沿其圆周方向均匀设有发电装置电枢；所述转子的外侧沿其圆周方向缓速器励磁电枢,相邻的缓速器励磁电枢的绕线方向相反；所述发电装置电枢与缓速器励磁电枢通过整流装置连接；所述定子上设有数量与发电装置电枢相同的永磁体。定子外部装有温差发电装置,将涡流产生的热量转化为电能,并输送到缓速器励磁电枢。隔磁装置避免缓速器不工作时,永磁体漏磁对缓速器转子产生阻力。本发明通过对缓速器热能的回收利用,增大了缓速器励磁电枢的电流,进一步提高了自励式缓速器的制动力矩。(The invention discloses a self-excited retarder with a temperature difference power generation device, which comprises a transmission shaft, a rotor, a stator and a fixed frame, wherein the rotor is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft, and the stator is fixedly arranged on the fixed frame; the inner side of the rotor is uniformly provided with power generation device armatures along the circumferential direction; the outer side of the rotor is provided with a retarder excitation armature along the circumferential direction of the rotor, and the winding directions of the adjacent retarder excitation armatures are opposite; the armature of the power generation device is connected with the excitation armature of the retarder through a rectifying device; and the stator is provided with permanent magnets the number of which is the same as that of the armature of the generating set. The stator is externally provided with a temperature difference power generation device which converts heat generated by the vortex into electric energy and transmits the electric energy to the retarder excitation armature. The magnetic isolation device prevents the permanent magnet from generating resistance to the retarder rotor when the retarder does not work. The invention increases the current of the exciting armature of the retarder and further improves the braking torque of the self-excited retarder by recycling the heat energy of the retarder.)

1. A self-excited retarder with a temperature difference power generation device comprises a transmission shaft (1), a rotor (2), a stator (3) and a fixing frame (4), wherein the rotor (2) is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft (1), and the stator (3) is fixedly arranged on the fixing frame (4); the method is characterized in that: at least two generating set armatures (5) are uniformly arranged on the inner side of the rotor (2) along the circumferential direction of the rotor; retarder excitation armatures (6) are uniformly arranged on the outer side of the rotor (2) along the circumferential direction of the rotor, and the winding directions of the adjacent retarder excitation armatures (6) are opposite; the number of the generating set armatures (5) and the retarder excitation armatures (6) is the same, the installation positions are respectively located at the same positions on two sides of the rotor (2), and the generating set armatures and the retarder excitation armatures are connected through a rectifying device (7); the stator (3) is provided with permanent magnets (8) the number of which is the same as that of the armature (5) of the power generation device.

2. The self-excited retarder with a temperature difference power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a heat insulation gasket (9) is arranged between the permanent magnet (8) and the stator (3).

3. The self-excited retarder with a temperature difference power generation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and a temperature difference power generation device (10) is arranged on the outer side of the stator (3).

4. A self-excited retarder with a temperature difference power generation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: a collector ring (20) is arranged between the temperature difference power generation device (10) and the retarder excitation armature (6), and the temperature difference power generation device (10) is communicated with the retarder excitation armature (6) through the collector ring (20).

5. A self-excited retarder with a temperature difference power generation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: an enhanced excitation armature (21) is mounted on the inner side of the stator (3), the enhanced excitation armature (21) is communicated with the thermoelectric power generation device (10) and is arranged opposite to the retarder excitation armature (6); the enhanced excitation armature (21) generates magnetic lines opposite to the retarder excitation armature (6) after being electrified.

6. A self-excited retarder with a temperature difference power generation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the thermoelectric power generation device (10) comprises a thermoelectric module (11), cooling fins (12) and a heat collection grid piece (13), wherein the heat collection grid piece (13) is located between the stator (3) and the thermoelectric module (11) and is tightly attached to the surface of the stator (3), and the cooling fins (12) are uniformly distributed on the surface of the thermoelectric module (11).

7. The self-excited retarder with a temperature difference power generation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the thermoelectric module (11) comprises at least two thermoelectric units (14) which are connected in series, and P-type semiconductors and N-type semiconductors of the thermoelectric units (14) are connected in series.

8. The self-excited retarder with a temperature difference power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: a magnetism isolating device (15) is arranged between the permanent magnet (8) and the inner side of the rotor (2), and the magnetism isolating device (15) is movably connected with the stator (3); the magnetic isolation devices (15) and the permanent magnets (8) are the same in number and are distributed oppositely.

9. The self-excited retarder with a temperature difference power generation device according to claim 8, characterized in that: the magnetism isolating device (15) comprises a spring (16), a controller (17) and a magnetism isolating armature (18), the magnetism isolating armature (18) can be connected with a stator (3) in a relative rotation mode, the spring (16) is respectively connected with the magnetism isolating armature (18) and the stator (3), the initial state of the spring (16) is that the magnetism isolating armature (18) is opposite to a permanent magnet (8), and the controller (17) is connected with the magnetism isolating armature (18).

Technical Field

The invention relates to an auxiliary braking device for vehicle deceleration, in particular to a self-excited retarder with a temperature difference power generation device, and belongs to the field of automobile manufacturing.

Background

The automobile retarder is characterized in that a magnet exciting coil of a stator assembly is electrified through a control circuit to generate a magnetic field, and a rotor assembly rotates at a high speed along with a vehicle transmission part to cut magnetic lines of force and generate reverse torque to decelerate a vehicle.

The eddy current retarder is used as one auxiliary braking device, and is widely applied to commercial vehicles due to the characteristics of simple structure, convenience in use, high reliability and the like. The eddy current retarder utilizes the electromagnetic induction principle, and the kinetic energy of running of an automobile is converted into heat energy of eddy current to be distributed out, so that the speed reduction of the automobile is realized. The use of the eddy current retarder improves the braking stability, safety and riding comfort of the vehicle, but brings corresponding energy consumption burden at the same time. The self-excited retarder does not need to be electrified to a winding through a vehicle-mounted power supply, but utilizes vehicle kinetic energy to generate electricity through the self-excited retarder, namely, part of vehicle kinetic energy is converted into electric energy to be independently supplied to the retarder, so that the burden of a vehicle-mounted storage battery is reduced, and the interference on the work of other vehicle-mounted electrical appliances is avoided.

The existing self-excitation retarder generally comprises a stator with a coil, a rotor and a controller. The rotor is provided with a permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet and a generating coil on the stator form a generating set of the self-excitation retarder. The rotating permanent magnet generates an alternating magnetic field in the power generation device, and the power generation coil cuts magnetic lines of force to generate current. When the self-excitation type retarder works, the power generation coil is communicated with the stator coil, the retarder starts to excite, magnetic lines of force pass through the rotor, the self-excitation type retarder is in a braking state at the moment, and kinetic energy of an automobile is converted into heat energy to be emitted into the atmosphere. The design structure is complex, coils are arranged on the stator and the rotor, and the permanent magnet is in a high-speed rotation state, so that the stability and the safety of the retarder during working are not facilitated. Meanwhile, the kinetic energy of the automobile is converted into heat energy to be dissipated into the air, and energy loss and waste are caused.

Chinese patent CN103078470A discloses a self-excited coil synchronous rotation structured double salient liquid-cooled retarder, which adopts a liquid-cooled mode, and although the problem of heat fading of the braking torque of the retarder caused by temperature rise is reduced, the heat energy cannot be further utilized. Meanwhile, the design adopts the mode of electric excitation rather than permanent magnet excitation, so that the defect of excessive coils exists in the structure, the burden of a storage battery is not really reduced, and the advantages of the self-excitation retarder cannot be fully exerted.

Chinese patent CN201304902Y discloses a self-excited retarder with a water cooling system, which adopts a permanent magnet excitation mode, but because the permanent magnet is located on the rotor and the permanent magnet is in a high-speed rotation state, the stability and safety of the retarder are not facilitated. Meanwhile, the structural arrangement needs to be provided with the electric brush, so that the service life of the self-excitation retarder is shortened.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the defects in the prior art, further realize the recycling of the energy of the retarder and meet the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction, the invention provides the self-excited retarder with the temperature difference power generation device. Through the recycling of the heat energy of the retarder, resources are saved, the current of the exciting coil of the retarder is increased, the braking torque of the self-excited retarder is further improved, and the retarding effect of the retarder is improved.

The technical scheme is as follows: a self-excited retarder with a temperature difference power generation device comprises a transmission shaft, a rotor, a stator and a fixing frame, wherein the rotor is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft, and the stator is fixedly arranged on the fixing frame; at least two generating set armatures are uniformly arranged on the inner side of the rotor along the circumferential direction of the rotor; retarder excitation armatures are uniformly arranged on the outer side of the rotor along the circumferential direction of the rotor, and the winding directions of the adjacent retarder excitation armatures are opposite; the number of the generating set armatures and the retarder excitation armatures is the same, and the installation positions are respectively positioned at the same positions on the two sides of the rotor and connected through a rectifying device; and the stator is provided with permanent magnets the number of which is the same as that of the armature of the generating set.

The rotor rotates along with the transmission shaft, the constant magnetic field generated by the armature of the power generation device on the inner side of the rotor and the permanent magnet forms relative motion and cuts magnetic induction lines, and induced current is generated in the armature of the power generation device. Meanwhile, the armature of the power generation device and the excitation armature of the retarder form a passage. The current in the armature of the power generation device is rectified by the rectifying device and then is transmitted to the excitation armature of the retarder, and the rotating excitation armature of the retarder is used as a magnetic pole to excite outwards to form a changing magnetic field. The surface of the stator generates an induced current due to the changing magnetic field, and the current is an eddy current.

On one hand, a new magnetic field generated by the eddy current interacts with a magnetic field generated by a retarder excitation armature, so that the rotor is subjected to a torque opposite to the movement direction of the rotor and is transmitted to the transmission shaft to realize the retarding action on the automobile, and the torque is a braking torque; on the other hand, the eddy current flows in the stator having the resistance to generate a thermal effect, thus converting kinetic energy of the vehicle into thermal energy.

Furthermore, in order to prevent the heat of the stator from being transferred to the permanent magnet to cause the phenomenon of high-temperature magnetic loss, a heat insulation gasket is arranged between the permanent magnet and the stator.

Further, in order to realize further recycling of heat energy generated by the stator eddy current, a temperature difference power generation device is arranged on the outer side of the stator. The heat energy is converted into the electric energy to be supplied to the retarder excitation armature, so that the heat energy recovery and the energy utilization of the retarder are realized, the current of the retarder excitation armature is increased, and the defect that the self-excited retarder generally has lower braking torque is overcome.

Furthermore, in order to improve the power generation efficiency and the heat dissipation effect on the stator, the thermoelectric power generation device comprises a thermoelectric module, cooling fins and a heat collection grid, the heat collection grid is located between the stator and the thermoelectric module and clings to the surface of the stator, and the cooling fins are uniformly distributed on the surface of the thermoelectric module. The heat collecting grid sheet is tightly attached to the surface of the stator, collects heat energy generated by the eddy current and serves as a heat source of the thermoelectric module. The other surface of the thermoelectric module is uniformly distributed with a certain number of radiating fins as a cold source of the thermoelectric module. The heat energy recovery and the energy utilization of the retarder are realized, the current of the exciting armature of the retarder is increased, and the braking torque of the self-exciting retarder is further improved.

Further, in order to further improve the power generation efficiency, the thermoelectric module comprises at least two thermoelectric units connected in series, and the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor of the thermoelectric unit are connected in series. The adjacent thermoelectric units are connected in series to increase the current generated by the thermoelectric generation device.

Further, in order to avoid that the permanent magnet generates resistance to the rotor due to magnetic leakage when the retarder does not work, a magnetism isolating device is arranged between the permanent magnet and the inner side of the rotor and is movably connected with the stator; the magnetic isolation devices and the permanent magnets are the same in number and are distributed oppositely.

Further, in order to control the power of the magnetism isolating armature, the magnetism isolating device comprises a spring, a controller and the magnetism isolating armature, the magnetism isolating armature can be connected with the stator in a relative rotation mode, the spring is respectively connected with the magnetism isolating armature and the stator, the initial state of the spring is that the magnetism isolating armature is just opposite to the permanent magnet, and the controller is connected with the magnetism isolating armature.

When the retarder does not work, no current flows in the magnetic isolation armature. Under the action of the restoring force of the spring, the magnetic isolation device rotates and resets, each magnetic isolation armature is opposite to the permanent magnet one by one again, a magnetic field between the permanent magnet rotors is isolated, and the resistance of the leakage flux of the permanent magnet to the retarder rotor is avoided.

Further, in order to realize the utilization of energy, a collector ring is arranged between the temperature difference power generation device and the retarder excitation armature, and the temperature difference power generation device is communicated with the retarder excitation armature through the collector ring. The thermoelectric power generation device converts a large amount of heat energy generated by eddy current in the stator into electric energy and transmits the electric energy to the retarder excitation armature, so that the current of the retarder excitation armature is increased, and the defect that the self-excited retarder generally has lower braking torque is overcome.

Furthermore, in order to realize the utilization of energy and solve the problem of circuit connection between the rotor and the stator, an enhanced excitation armature is arranged on the inner side of the stator, and the enhanced excitation armature is communicated with the thermoelectric power generation device and is arranged opposite to the retarder excitation armature; the enhanced excitation armature generates magnetic lines of force opposite to the retarder excitation armature after being electrified. The winding direction can generate downward magnetic lines in the enhanced excitation armature, and the excitation current in the excitation coil of the original rotor is enhanced while the eddy magnetic field is enhanced.

Has the advantages that: 1. by additionally arranging the temperature difference power generation device on the surface of the stator, the heat energy generated by the stator vortex is further recycled. The heat energy is converted into the electric energy to be supplied to the retarder magnet exciting coil, so that the heat energy recovery and the energy utilization of the retarder are realized, the current of the retarder magnet exciting coil is increased, and the defect that the self-excited retarder generally has lower braking torque is overcome.

2. The structure is simple, and a coil is only arranged on the rotor, and no coil is arranged on the stator; the permanent magnet is arranged on the stator and does not rotate at a high speed along with the rotor, so that the working stability and safety of the retarder are improved, and the problem of high-speed demagnetization caused by the fact that the permanent magnet rotates at a high speed together with the transmission shaft is solved. In addition, the permanent magnet and the stator are separated by a heat insulation gasket, so that the problem of high-temperature magnetic loss caused by the fact that the heat of the stator is transferred to the permanent magnet is solved.

3. A magnetic isolation device is arranged between the permanent magnet and the rotor to control the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, so that the permanent magnet is prevented from generating resistance to the rotor due to magnetic leakage when the retarder does not work.

4. The structural arrangement design enables an electric brush not to be arranged between the power generation device and the retarder, and greatly prolongs the service life of the self-excitation retarder.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a left side view of the rotor of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the thermoelectric power generation device according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a thermoelectric module according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the magnetic shielding device of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.