阅读说明：本技术 一种自供热联装生活垃圾高温裂解装置 (Self-heating combined domestic garbage pyrolysis device ) 是由 尹槐林 黄升雄 周智 于 2019-10-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种自供热联装生活垃圾高温裂解装置,本装置包括进料单元,多组联装的高温裂解单元和烟气处理单元。所述高温裂解单元从上至下依次为相连通的油缸压缩密闭腔、脱水腔、高温裂解腔和生物炭燃烧腔；所述高温裂解腔外壁四周边包覆的空腔为燃气燃烧腔；所述高温裂解单元下部侧壁上设有灰分出口和焚烧舌；所述脱水腔上部侧壁设置有排气孔、燃气燃烧腔侧壁设有进气孔,所述排气孔和进气孔通过导气管相连通。本装置可利用生活垃圾自身的热能完成垃圾的高温裂解,通过多组高温干馏单元并联可实现设备的不断放大,具有节能、环保的优势,在少量乡镇垃圾处理领域具有广泛的应用前景。(The invention provides a self-heating combined domestic garbage pyrolysis device which comprises a feeding unit, a plurality of groups of combined pyrolysis units and a flue gas treatment unit. The high-temperature cracking unit is sequentially provided with an oil cylinder compression closed cavity, a dehydration cavity, a high-temperature cracking cavity and a biochar combustion cavity which are communicated from top to bottom; the cavity coated around the outer wall of the pyrolysis cavity is a gas combustion cavity; an ash outlet and an incineration tongue are arranged on the side wall of the lower part of the high-temperature cracking unit; the lateral wall of the upper part of the dehydration cavity is provided with an exhaust hole, the lateral wall of the gas combustion cavity is provided with an air inlet hole, and the exhaust hole is communicated with the air inlet hole through an air duct. The device can utilize the heat energy of the household garbage to complete the pyrolysis of the garbage, can realize the continuous amplification of equipment by connecting a plurality of groups of high-temperature dry distillation units in parallel, has the advantages of energy conservation and environmental protection, and has wide application prospect in the field of small-amount rural garbage treatment.)

1. The utility model provides a from heat supply allies oneself with dress domestic waste pyrolysis device which characterized in that: the device comprises a feeding system, a pyrolysis unit for pyrolyzing household garbage at high temperature, an outer shell and a flue gas treatment system;

the top of the flue gas treatment unit is provided with a flue gas outlet, and the bottom of the flue gas treatment unit is provided with a flue gas inlet; the top of the outer shell is provided with a hole; a flue gas inlet at the bottom of the flue gas treatment unit is communicated with a hole at the top of the outer shell; the pyrolysis unit is arranged inside the outer shell; the feeding system is communicated with the pyrolysis unit.

2. The self-heating integrated domestic waste pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the feeding system comprises a feeding hole fixedly installed on the upper surface of the outer shell and a material pressing oil cylinder arranged right above the high-temperature cracking unit; pressing the garbage to be treated into the high-temperature cracking unit through the material pressing oil cylinder.

3. The self-heating integrated domestic waste pyrolysis apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the high-temperature cracking unit is sequentially provided with an oil cylinder compression closed cavity, a dehydration cavity, a high-temperature cracking cavity and a biochar combustion cavity which are communicated from top to bottom; the cavity coated around the outer wall of the pyrolysis cavity is a gas combustion cavity; an ash outlet and an incineration tongue are arranged on the side wall of the lower part of the high-temperature cracking unit;

the lateral wall of the upper part of the dehydration cavity is provided with an exhaust hole, the lateral wall of the gas combustion cavity is provided with an air inlet hole, and the exhaust hole is communicated with the air inlet hole through an air duct.

4. The self-heating integrated domestic waste pyrolysis apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the gas combustion cavity is positioned inside the outer shell and is positioned on the same horizontal plane with the pyrolysis cavity of the pyrolysis unit.

5. The self-heating integrated domestic waste pyrolysis apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the pyrolysis units are more than 2 groups and are arranged in a matrix shape or an arc shape.

6. The self-heating integrated domestic waste pyrolysis apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the material pressing oil cylinder is provided with a material pressing head which is perpendicular to a material pressing action surface and is arranged opposite to the material pressing action direction, the material pressing head action surface is coupled with the cross section of the oil cylinder compression closed cavity and the cross section of the dehydration cavity, and the garbage to be treated entering the oil cylinder compression closed cavity is fully pressed into the dehydration cavity.

7. The self-heating integrated domestic waste pyrolysis apparatus of any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein: the flue gas treatment unit comprises a water mist dust removal system, an electric arc dust removal system and a catalytic oxidation system which are sequentially communicated from bottom to top;

the water mist dust removal system comprises a water tank fixedly arranged on the upper part of the flue gas treatment unit, a rotary divergent gravity nozzle arranged on the top of the water mist dust removal system and a circulating condensate pipe arranged on the side wall of the flue gas treatment unit;

the flue gas treatment unit penetrates through the middle part of the water tank;

and the side wall of the electric arc dust removal system is provided with an ash collecting bin.

8. The self-heating integrated domestic waste pyrolysis apparatus of any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein: the oil cylinder compression closed cavity and the high-temperature cracking cavity are columnar cavities; the dehydration cavity is an inverted cone-shaped cavity.

9. The self-heating integrated domestic waste pyrolysis apparatus of claim 8, wherein: the outer shell is a double-cavity vacuum heat-insulation structure, and the bottom of the outer shell is provided with an air inlet unit.

10. The self-heating integrated domestic waste pyrolysis apparatus of claim 9, wherein: the charcoal combustion chamber is provided with a horizontally arranged bearing net.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of domestic garbage treatment in environmental management, and particularly relates to a self-heating combined domestic garbage pyrolysis device.

Background

The municipal solid waste treatment method successively goes through landfill, composting, incineration, pyrolysis and the like. The short-term cost of landfill is the lowest, but landfill leachate is easy to generate, secondary pollution is easy to cause, and great environmental risk hidden dangers exist; the garbage composting treatment is only suitable for perishable organic matter household garbage, and the composting treatment of the household garbage is also greatly limited along with the increasing content of plastic organic matters in the household garbage; the garbage incineration power generation can partially realize resource utilization of household garbage and convert heat in the household garbage into electric energy, but the household garbage has complex components, particularly, a great amount of garbage containing chlorine elements or benzene rings such as polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and the like is easy to generate toxic air pollutants such as dioxin and the like during aerobic combustion, so that the risk of serious secondary pollution exists, and moreover, in terms of the prior art conditions and the garbage treatment cost, the accumulation of the garbage treatment amount required by the household garbage incineration power generation indirectly increases the transportation cost of the household garbage and causes the problems of garbage scattering and traffic jam; the high-temperature dry distillation of the household garbage refers to that the household garbage is placed in an anaerobic or anoxic environment for heating, so that the household garbage is cracked into products such as biochar, cracked oil, fuel gas and the like, no dioxin is generated in the treatment process of the household garbage, almost no secondary pollution is generated, and the reduction, harmless treatment and resource utilization of the household garbage can be realized to the greatest extent.

However, in rural areas with low population density and scattered domestic garbage generation sources, the problems of difficult concentration, high transportation cost and the like still exist in the centralized treatment of domestic garbage; meanwhile, the modes of stacking, dumping or simple burning and the like are easy to cause domestic garbage pollution of different degrees, so that the environment of the rural areas is gradually polluted, and more serious environmental pollution or ecological damage is gradually caused in the rural areas. Therefore, how to treat the domestic garbage in the village and town areas to realize the reduction, harmless treatment and resource utilization of the domestic garbage in the village and town areas is a technical problem to be solved urgently.

Disclosure of Invention

The key point for solving the problem of domestic garbage pollution in the village and town areas is to reduce the transportation distance of domestic garbage in the village and town areas, realize the dispersed treatment of domestic garbage in the village and town areas, generate a small amount of treatment, timely treat the domestic garbage in daily life, and simultaneously require that no air pollutants such as smoke dust, dioxin and the like are generated in the domestic garbage treatment process to cause secondary pollution. In view of the above, the present invention provides a self-heating domestic waste pyrolysis device, which can utilize the heat carried by the domestic waste to complete the pyrolysis of the domestic waste, and can realize the control of the treatment capacity through the combined installation of the pyrolysis units, so as to achieve the purposes of simply changing the treatment capacity and realizing the self-powered treatment of the domestic waste.

The invention provides a self-heating combined domestic garbage pyrolysis device which comprises a feeding system, a pyrolysis unit for pyrolyzing domestic garbage, an outer shell and a flue gas treatment system, wherein the pyrolysis unit is used for pyrolyzing domestic garbage; the top of the flue gas treatment unit is provided with a flue gas outlet, and the bottom of the flue gas treatment unit is provided with a flue gas inlet; the top of the outer shell is provided with a hole; a flue gas inlet at the bottom of the flue gas treatment unit is communicated with a hole at the top of the outer shell; the pyrolysis unit is arranged inside the outer shell; the feeding system is communicated with the high-temperature cracking unit; the purpose of the outer shell is to enable the pyrolysis unit to be located in a relatively closed high-temperature space and bear the weight of the flue gas treatment unit and the feeding system.

Further, the feeding system comprises a feeding hole fixedly installed on the upper surface of the outer shell and a material pressing oil cylinder arranged right above the pyrolysis unit; pressing the garbage to be treated into the high-temperature cracking unit through the material pressing oil cylinder.

Furthermore, the high-temperature cracking unit is sequentially provided with an oil cylinder compression closed cavity, a dehydration cavity, a high-temperature cracking cavity and a biochar combustion cavity which are communicated from top to bottom; the cavity coated around the outer wall of the pyrolysis cavity is a gas combustion cavity; an ash outlet and an incineration tongue are arranged on the side wall of the lower part of the high-temperature cracking unit; the side wall of the upper part of the dehydration cavity is provided with an exhaust hole, the side wall of the gas combustion cavity is provided with an air inlet hole, the exhaust hole is communicated with the air inlet hole through an air duct, and the air duct can convey high-temperature pyrolysis gas to the gas combustion cavity outside the high-temperature pyrolysis cavity.

Furthermore, the gas combustion cavity is positioned inside the outer shell and is positioned on the same horizontal plane with the high-temperature cracking cavity of the high-temperature cracking unit.

Furthermore, the pyrolysis units are more than 2 groups and are arranged in a matrix shape or an arc shape.

Furthermore, the material pressing oil cylinder is provided with a material pressing head which is perpendicular to a material pressing action surface and is arranged opposite to the material pressing action direction, the material pressing head action surface is coupled with the cross section of the oil cylinder compression sealed cavity and the cross section of the dehydration cavity in shape, and the garbage to be treated entering the oil cylinder compression sealed cavity is conveniently and fully pressed into the dehydration cavity.

Further, the flue gas treatment unit comprises a water mist dust removal system, an electric arc dust removal system and a catalytic oxidation system which are sequentially communicated from bottom to top; the water mist dust removal system comprises a water tank fixedly arranged on the upper part of the flue gas treatment unit, a rotary divergent gravity nozzle arranged on the top of the water mist dust removal system and a circulating condensate pipe arranged on the side wall of the flue gas treatment unit; the flue gas treatment unit penetrates through the middle part of the water tank; the side wall of the electric arc dust removal system is provided with a dust collecting bin; the water tank is a hollow cylinder and provides a water source for a circulating condensate pipe and a water mist dust removal system which are communicated with the pyrolysis unit.

Furthermore, the oil cylinder compression closed cavity and the high-temperature cracking cavity are columnar cavities; the dehydration cavity is an inverted cone-shaped cavity.

Further, the outer shell is of a double-cavity vacuum heat-insulation structure, and the bottom of the outer shell is provided with an air inlet unit.

Furthermore, the charcoal combustion chamber is provided with a horizontally arranged bearing net.

Further, the swaging head is preferably of a convex middle type or a short tapered column type.

Furthermore, the feeding system comprises a transmission mechanism and a distributor, wherein the transmission mechanism can be one of a bucket elevator or a screw conveyor and is packaged in a fully-closed feeding system packaging shell. The household garbage is conveyed to a distributor at the terminal from the head end of a feeding system buried below (or underground) a garbage conveying horizontal plane, and the garbage uniformly enters a feeding hole of each self-heating pyrolysis unit through the distributor.

Furthermore, a flue gas inlet in the middle of the bottom of the water mist dust removal system is provided with a pipeline which is communicated with the interlayer of the outer shell, so that water of the gravity nozzle falls on the bottom of the flue gas treatment system and is discharged into the interlayer of the inner wall of the outer shell 5 which is not contacted with the flue gas from the side surface of the bottom.

The operation flow is as follows: and conveying the garbage to be treated to the feeding port by the feeding system, and then feeding the garbage to be treated into the high-temperature cracking unit for high-temperature cracking treatment. After the garbage to be treated is pressed into the pyrolysis cavity from the dehydration cavity and is filled, the ignition material in the biochar combustion cavity heats the pyrolysis cavity, so that the domestic garbage in the pyrolysis cavity is subjected to a pyrolysis reaction and converted into biochar, pyrolysis fuel gas and a small amount of pyrolysis oil. The biochar and a small amount of heavy oil fall into the biochar combustion chamber, are fully combusted in the combustion tongue, and heat the pyrolysis chamber. The pyrolysis gas and the garbage to be treated are subjected to heat exchange through the dehydration cavity, so that the household garbage to be treated is dried, a small amount of gaseous pyrolysis oil in the pyrolysis gas is liquefied on the surface of the garbage, particularly the surface combined with the inner wall of the dehydration cavity, the garbage to be treated is lubricated, and the garbage to be treated is promoted to enter the high-temperature pyrolysis cavity for pyrolysis. The pyrolysis gas which completes heat exchange is conveyed to the gas combustion cavity through the exhaust hole on the side wall of the upper part of the dehydration cavity by the gas guide pipe to be ignited and supplies heat to the high-temperature pyrolysis cavity at the periphery of the device, so that the self-heating reduction harmless treatment of the household garbage is realized by continuously feeding garbage to continuously perform high-temperature pyrolysis reaction. And a small amount of ash remained after the combustion of the biochar passes through an ash outlet discharging device to complete further harmless treatment.

In the operation process, water in the water tank flows into the rotary divergence gravity nozzle under the action of gravity to perform water mist dust removal operation, the water after water mist dust removal falls into the outer shell of the coating pyrolysis unit to be evaporated into water vapor or water mist, and the water vapor is guided into the gravity water tank through the circulating condensate pipe to be condensed into liquid water, so that the condensate water is recycled. After water spraying dust removal is finished, the flue gas enters an electric arc dust removal system to finish adsorption treatment of trace smoke dust, finally catalytic oxidation of trace harmful gases such as CO which are insoluble in water and difficult to react in high-voltage electric arc is finished through a catalytic oxidation system, and the treated flue gas is discharged after reaching the standard.

In a set of combined domestic garbage pyrolysis device, a plurality of groups of pyrolysis units are packaged in an outer shell with a vacuum heat-insulating cavity, and the combined quantity and the combined mode are determined according to the domestic garbage treatment capacity according to actual conditions.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the combined domestic garbage pyrolysis device can realize self-heating reduction and harmless treatment of a small amount of domestic garbage, and biochar generated by pyrolysis reaction and pyrolysis gas are combusted to provide energy required by the domestic garbage pyrolysis reaction, so that the domestic garbage is continuously pyrolyzed. Through the centralized treatment of a small amount of flue gas generated by the garbage dry distillation unit, the target of no visual smoke dust and no overproof toxic and harmful substances is achieved, and then the flue gas is discharged, so that the harmless treatment of the household garbage is realized, and the generation of secondary pollution in garbage treatment is avoided.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a self-heating combined domestic garbage pyrolysis device (four-combined installation);

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a pyrolysis unit;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a flue gas treatment unit;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a pyrolysis unit.

The reference numbers are as follows: 1. a flue gas treatment unit; 2. a material pressing oil cylinder; 3. a feed inlet; 4. a pyrolysis unit; 5. an outer housing; 11. a flue gas outlet; 12. a catalytic oxidation system; 13. an arc dust removal system; 14. a water mist dust removal system; 15. a gravity water tank; 16. a circulating condensate pipe; 17. an ash accumulation bin; 18. Rotating the divergent gravity nozzle; 21. pressing the material head; 42. the oil cylinder compresses the closed cavity; 43. a dehydration cavity; 44. An air duct; 45. a pyrolysis chamber; 46. a gas combustion cavity, 47 and a charcoal combustion cavity; 48. burning the tongue; 49. and (5) an ash outlet.

Detailed Description

The self-heating integrated domestic garbage pyrolysis device of the present invention will now be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are provided for explaining the technical principles of the device according to the present invention, and the connection and positional relationship between the components, and do not limit the device according to the present invention, for example, the structural features, the number and arrangement of the integrated domestic garbage pyrolysis units are all within the scope of the present invention. Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a four-combined self-heating combined domestic garbage pyrolysis device, fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a pyrolysis unit, and fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a flue gas treatment unit.