阅读说明：本技术 一种槐花浸膏的制备方法 (Preparation method of sophora flower extractum ) 是由 曹佳玮 于 2019-10-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种槐花浸膏的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤：步骤一：将槐花原料与水混合研磨成浆,加入外源酶进行预处理酶解,所述外源酶包括纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、果胶酶中的任意一种或多种。步骤二：酶解并灭酶后的槐花浆液冷却至所需反应温度,加入专用酶制剂进行酶法改性反应,所述专用酶制剂包括环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶、呋喃果糖苷酶、葡萄糖苷酶、半乳糖苷酶中的任意一种或多种。步骤三：反应液灭酶冷却后自然沉降,取上层清液过滤后减压蒸馏浓缩得槐花浸膏。本发明在不使用有机溶剂的同时提高槐花最终出膏率可高达5.0％以上。(The invention discloses a preparation method of sophora flower extractum, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: mixing and grinding the sophora flower raw material and water into slurry, adding exogenous enzyme for pretreatment enzymolysis, wherein the exogenous enzyme comprises any one or more of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase. Step two: cooling the sophora flower serous fluid after enzymolysis and enzyme deactivation to the required reaction temperature, and adding a special enzyme preparation to carry out enzyme method modification reaction, wherein the special enzyme preparation comprises any one or more of cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase, fructofuranosidase, glucosidase and galactosidase. Step three: deactivating enzyme, cooling, naturally settling, filtering supernatant, distilling under reduced pressure, and concentrating to obtain flos Sophorae extract. The method improves the final cream yield of the sophora japonica up to more than 5.0% without using organic solvents.)

1. The preparation method of the sophora flower extractum is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: mixing and grinding the sophora flower raw material and water into slurry, adding exogenous enzyme for pretreatment enzymolysis, wherein the exogenous enzyme comprises any one or more of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase.

Step two: cooling the sophora flower serous fluid after enzymolysis and enzyme deactivation to the required reaction temperature, and adding a special enzyme preparation to carry out enzyme method modification reaction, wherein the special enzyme preparation comprises any one or more of cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase, fructofuranosidase, glucosidase and galactosidase.

Step three: deactivating enzyme, cooling, naturally settling, filtering supernatant, distilling under reduced pressure, and concentrating to obtain flos Sophorae extract.

2. The method for preparing sophora flower extractum according to claim 1, wherein the exogenous enzyme is cellulase as a principal enzyme, and the cellulase accounts for 60% -100% of the total exogenous enzyme.

3. The method for preparing sophora flower extract according to claim 1, wherein the sophora flower raw material comprises any one or more of fresh sophora flower or dry sophora flower.

4. The preparation method of sophora flower extract according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, sophora flower and water are mixed and ground into slurry according to the mass ratio of 1:5-1: 15.

5. The method for preparing sophora flower extractum according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the exogenous enzyme added in the first step is 0.1-1.0% of the weight of sophora flower.

6. The method for preparing sophora flower extractum according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment enzymolysis reaction is carried out at a pH of 4-7, a temperature of 30-60 ℃ and a time of 2-10 hours.

7. The method for preparing sophora flower extractum according to claim 1, wherein the enzymatic modification reaction is performed at a pH of 4-9, a temperature of 40-80 ℃ and a time of 10-60 hours.

8. The method for preparing sophora flower extractum according to claim 1, wherein the filtering step in the third step is to filter the supernatant of the naturally settled reaction solution by a filter press.

9. The method for preparing sophora flower extractum according to claim 1, wherein the concentration step in the third step is vacuum distillation and concentration as required to obtain extractum-like extract.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of natural spice extraction, and particularly belongs to a preparation method of sophora flower extractum.

Background

Flos sophorae, which is a dried flower, flower bud and mature fruit of acacia (Robinia Pseudoacacia L.) belonging to the genus Robinia of the subfamily Papilionaceae of the family Leguminosae (Leguminoase), is included in the list of articles which is published by the Ministry of health in 2002, is usually called flos sophorae, flower bud called flos sophorae and fruit called fructus sophorae in medicinal material commodities, has bitter taste and slightly cold nature, and has the effects of stopping bleeding, promoting blood coagulation, inducing diuresis, resisting fungi, clearing heat and purging fire, clearing liver and improving eyesight.

Sophora japonica is widely planted in China, is popular with people due to fresh and tender taste and sweet fragrance, and is a superior raw material for making delicious food. Besides being used for making food, the sophora japonica is also used as natural plant spice, extracted into sophora japonica extractum and widely used in the fields of food, daily use chemicals and the like. The sophora flower extract has fresh flower fragrance, slightly rose sweet fragrance in tail fragrance and relatively thick natural flower fragrance, and can be used for preparing various flower fragrance essences and increasing the natural feeling of the essence.

At present, the traditional solvent extraction method is mainly adopted for producing the sophora flower extractum in China, namely, fresh or dry sophora flowers are used as raw materials and extracted by organic solvents such as petroleum ether, but the traditional organic solvent extraction method generally has the defects of flammable and unsafe solvents, large using amount, multiple operation steps, residual solvents and the like, and the use of the organic solvents can influence the health of operators and pollute the surrounding environment. In addition, the sophora flower extract obtained by organic solvent extraction contains more wax (high-carbon hydrocarbon), the paste is coarse and hard in appearance, and the sophora flower extract can be suitable for preparing essence only after wax removal.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preparing sophora flower extractum by using a biological enzyme method instead of a traditional solvent extraction process instead of using an organic solvent. The method can effectively improve the yield of the sophora flower extract, compared with the extraction with an organic solvent, the sophora flower extract obtained by the method is easy to dissolve in water, and the product value and the application range are greatly increased.

In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme is as follows:

a preparation method of sophora flower extractum comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: mixing and grinding the sophora flower raw material and water into slurry, adding exogenous enzyme for pretreatment enzymolysis, wherein the exogenous enzyme comprises any one or more of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase.

Step two: cooling the sophora flower serous fluid after enzymolysis and enzyme deactivation to the required reaction temperature, and adding a special enzyme preparation to carry out enzyme method modification reaction, wherein the special enzyme preparation comprises any one or more of cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase, fructofuranosidase, glucosidase and galactosidase.

Step three: deactivating enzyme, cooling, naturally settling, filtering supernatant, distilling under reduced pressure, and concentrating to obtain flos Sophorae extract.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the exogenous enzyme is a cellulase as a main enzyme, and the cellulase accounts for 60% -100% of the total exogenous enzyme.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sophora flower raw material comprises any one or more of fresh sophora flower or dried sophora flower.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the first step, the sophora japonica is mixed with water according to a mass ratio of 1:5-1:15 and ground into slurry.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the exogenous enzyme is added in an amount of 0.1-1.0% by weight of sophora japonica flower in step one.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pH range of the pretreatment enzymolysis reaction is 4-7, the reaction temperature is 30-60 ℃, and the reaction time is 2-10 hours.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the enzymatic modification reaction has a pH ranging from 4 to 9, a reaction temperature ranging from 40 to 80 ℃, and a reaction time ranging from 10 to 60 hours.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the filtration step in the third step is to filter the supernatant of the naturally settled reaction solution by a filter press.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the concentration step in the third step is to perform distillation and concentration under reduced pressure as required to obtain an extract-like extract.

The enzymatic modification reaction comprises a cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase method, a fructofuranosidase method, a glucosidase method and a galactosidase method, and can be carried out by any suitable enzyme, so that the special enzyme preparation can be singly used or compounded for improving the solubility of fat-soluble natural ingredients in the sophora japonica in water.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the final paste yield of the sophora flower can be improved by more than 5.0 percent without using organic solvents.

Detailed Description

Principle explanation:

the cell wall of plant cells is mostly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin and other substances. In the process of plant extraction, when natural components often wrapped in cell walls diffuse to an extraction solvent, the mass transfer resistance of the cell walls and intercellular substances must be overcome. The traditional extraction method (such as decoction, organic solvent leaching and the like) has high extraction temperature and large solvent dosage, selects some proper enzymes to process the Chinese medicinal materials, can mildly decompose cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and other components of cell walls and intercellular substances, destroys compact structures of the cell walls, causes local looseness, expansion, collapse and other changes of the cell walls and the intercellular substances, reduces mass transfer resistance of mass transfer barriers of the cell walls, the intercellular substances and the like to diffusion of effective components from the cells to an extraction medium, thereby being beneficial to dissolution of the effective components, improving the extraction efficiency and shortening the extraction time.

Cellulase is a general name of multi-component enzymes capable of hydrolyzing cellulose β -1, 4-glucosidic bonds to generate glucose, hemicellulase is an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing polysaccharides (except cellulose and pectic substances) forming plant cell walls, pectinase is a complex enzyme which cuts off the glucosidic bonds in pectin through the action of cracking or eliminating and cracks the pectin into polygalacturonic acid, and the cellulose content in the sophora flower bud is high, so that the exogenous enzyme preferably takes cellulase as a main enzyme and accounts for 60-100% of the total exogenous enzyme during pretreatment enzymolysis.

The special enzyme preparation used in the enzymatic modification can be carried out by any suitable enzyme, aiming at improving the solubility of fat-soluble natural ingredients in water in the sophora flower, wherein, cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase belongs to α -amylase family, and can carry out enzymatic modification on the natural ingredients through disproportionation of the cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase, the fructofuranosidase, the glucosidase and the galactosidase have both hydrolysis and transglycosidation capabilities, and the composition structure of the natural ingredients is changed through enzymatic reaction so as to improve the water solubility of the natural ingredients and achieve the enzymatic modification.