阅读说明：本技术 一种燃料电池耐久性测试加速工况建立方法及装置 (Method and device for establishing acceleration working condition of fuel cell durability test ) 是由 李飞强 蒋尚峰 李欣欣 李维国 王传秋 于 2018-07-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种燃料电池耐久性测试加速工况建立方法及装置,该方法首先采集燃料电池车辆的实际运行数据,构建燃料电池系统运行工况；然后针对不同的燃料电池系统运行工况,分解出燃料电池运行单因素工况,计算在不同的燃料电池运行单因素工况下燃料电池的电压衰减速率,获得在不同的燃料电池系统运行工况下对应的单因素的影响权重,并建立电池电压衰减数学模型；接着根据建立的电池电压衰减数学模型,建立电堆模型,并对电堆模型进行校正,根据校正结果建立燃料电池加速工况。本发明通过该方法来建立燃料电池耐久性加速测试工况,适用于所有的燃料电池车辆,实用性较高；同时,成本较低,预测较为准确。(The invention relates to a fuel cell durability test acceleration working condition establishing method and a device, the method comprises the steps of firstly collecting actual operation data of a fuel cell vehicle and establishing the operation working condition of a fuel cell system; then decomposing the operating single-factor working condition of the fuel cell according to the operating working conditions of different fuel cell systems, calculating the voltage attenuation rate of the fuel cell under the operating single-factor working condition of the fuel cell, obtaining the influence weight of the corresponding single factor under the operating working conditions of the fuel cell systems, and establishing a cell voltage attenuation mathematical model; and then establishing a galvanic pile model according to the established cell voltage attenuation mathematical model, correcting the galvanic pile model, and establishing the acceleration working condition of the fuel cell according to the correction result. The method is used for establishing the durability acceleration test working condition of the fuel cell, is suitable for all fuel cell vehicles, and has higher practicability; meanwhile, the cost is low, and the prediction is accurate.)

1. A fuel cell durability test acceleration condition establishing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) acquiring actual operation data of a fuel cell vehicle, and constructing an operation condition of a fuel cell system;

2) decomposing the operating single-factor working condition of the fuel cell according to different operating working conditions of the fuel cell system, calculating the voltage attenuation rate of the fuel cell under different operating single-factor working conditions of the fuel cell, obtaining the influence weight of the corresponding single factor under different operating working conditions of the fuel cell system, and establishing a cell voltage attenuation mathematical model;

3) and establishing a galvanic pile model according to the established cell voltage attenuation mathematical model, correcting the galvanic pile model, and establishing the acceleration working condition of the fuel cell according to the correction result.

2. The fuel cell durability test acceleration condition establishing method according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising step 4), and step 4) includes: the fuel cell vehicle system is respectively optimized under the real vehicle road environment and the laboratory test environment.

3. The fuel cell durability test acceleration condition establishing method according to claim 1, wherein the establishing of the stack model includes:

establishing a 2D single battery model;

and establishing a 3D electric pile model for calculating the distribution of a flow field, an electric field and a thermal field in the electric pile, and establishing a simplified 2D electric pile model by combining a 2D single battery model, namely the electric pile model.

4. The fuel cell durability test acceleration condition establishing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the performance of the cell is calculated according to a single cell performance transmission model, and the voltage decay rate of the fuel cell under different fuel cell operation single-factor conditions is calculated according to the performance of the cell;

wherein the cell performance transmission model comprises:

wherein J is mass transfer mass, A is mass transfer cross-sectional area of the diffusion layer, Δ n is mass transfer concentration difference, τ is tortuosity, L is mass transfer length, d_mRho is mass concentration, rho is density of mass transfer gas, k is permeability, Δ P is mass transfer pressure difference, μ is absolute viscosity of mass transfer gas, E is electrode potential, E is absolute viscosity of mass transfer gas⁰The potential of the electrode at standard pressure, R is the gas constant, F is the Faraday constant, n is the electron transferred in the chemical reaction, and a is the activity.

5. The fuel cell durability test acceleration condition establishing method according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell system operation conditions include a start-stop condition, an idle condition, a high-load condition, and a variable-load condition.

6. A fuel cell durability test acceleration condition establishing device is characterized by comprising a processor, wherein the processor is used for executing instructions to realize the following method:

1) acquiring actual operation data of a fuel cell vehicle, and constructing an operation condition of a fuel cell system;

2) decomposing the operating single-factor working condition of the fuel cell according to different operating working conditions of the fuel cell system, calculating the voltage attenuation rate of the fuel cell under different operating single-factor working conditions of the fuel cell, obtaining the influence weight of the corresponding single factor under different operating working conditions of the fuel cell system, and establishing a cell voltage attenuation mathematical model;

3) and establishing a galvanic pile model according to the established cell voltage attenuation mathematical model, correcting the galvanic pile model, and establishing the acceleration working condition of the fuel cell according to the correction result.

7. The fuel cell durability test acceleration condition establishing apparatus according to claim 6, characterized by further comprising step 4), step 4) including: the fuel cell vehicle system is respectively optimized under the real vehicle road environment and the laboratory test environment.

8. The fuel cell durability test acceleration condition establishing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the establishing of the stack model includes:

establishing a 2D single battery model;

and establishing a 3D electric pile model for calculating the distribution of a flow field, an electric field and a thermal field in the electric pile, and establishing a simplified 2D electric pile model by combining a 2D single battery model, namely the electric pile model.

9. The fuel cell durability test acceleration condition establishing device according to claim 6, characterized in that the performance of the cell is calculated according to a single cell performance transmission model, and the voltage decay rates of the fuel cell under different fuel cell operation single-factor conditions are calculated according to the performance of the cell;

wherein the cell performance transmission model comprises:

wherein J is mass transfer mass, and A is mass transfer cross section of diffusion layerProduct, Δ n is the mass transfer concentration difference, τ is the tortuosity, L is the mass transfer length, d_mRho is mass concentration, rho is density of mass transfer gas, k is permeability, Δ P is mass transfer pressure difference, μ is absolute viscosity of mass transfer gas, E is electrode potential, E is absolute viscosity of mass transfer gas⁰The potential of the electrode at standard pressure, R is the gas constant, F is the Faraday constant, n is the electron transferred in the chemical reaction, and a is the activity.

10. The fuel cell durability test acceleration condition establishing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the fuel cell system operation conditions include a start-stop condition, an idle condition, a high-load condition, and a variable-load condition.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a method and a device for establishing an acceleration working condition of a fuel cell durability test.

Background

In recent years, the problem of environmental pollution has become increasingly serious. In order to cope with global energy shortage, environmental pollution and the like, vigorous development of new energy automobiles has been promoted, and more people are looking at fuel cell vehicles with zero emission. Fuel cell vehicles are the direction of future development of the automotive industry and are also the focus of research in the automotive field. However, the high manufacturing cost and the high use cost are the major disadvantages, so the research on the service life becomes a core subject of the research on the fuel cell, and the length of the service life (i.e. the durability) of the fuel cell is directly related to the development of the commercialization of the fuel cell.

The evaluation method of the durability test of the fuel cell includes: 1) testing by continuous constant current discharge for a long time; 2) testing is carried out by combining long-time steady-state testing and discontinuous operation; 3) the test is carried out by means of cyclic load variation.

However, the long-time continuous constant current discharge test consumes a great deal of time, manpower and material resources; the durability test method of cyclic variation can roughly predict the durability of the fuel cell, but it is difficult to determine the actual use durability of the fuel cell.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method and a device for establishing an acceleration working condition of a fuel cell durability test, which are used for solving the problems of time consumption, labor consumption and inaccuracy of the durability test in the prior art.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the invention provides a method for establishing an acceleration working condition of a fuel cell durability test, which comprises the following steps:

1) acquiring actual operation data of a fuel cell vehicle, and constructing an operation condition of a fuel cell system;

2) decomposing the operating single-factor working condition of the fuel cell according to different operating working conditions of the fuel cell system, calculating the voltage attenuation rate of the fuel cell under different operating single-factor working conditions of the fuel cell, obtaining the influence weight of the corresponding single factor under different operating working conditions of the fuel cell system, and establishing a cell voltage attenuation mathematical model;

3) and establishing a galvanic pile model according to the established cell voltage attenuation mathematical model, correcting the galvanic pile model, and establishing the acceleration working condition of the fuel cell according to the correction result.

The invention also provides a fuel cell durability test acceleration condition establishing device, which comprises a processor, wherein the processor is used for executing instructions to realize the following method:

1) acquiring actual operation data of a fuel cell vehicle, and constructing an operation condition of a fuel cell system;

2) decomposing the operating single-factor working condition of the fuel cell according to different operating working conditions of the fuel cell system, calculating the voltage attenuation rate of the fuel cell under different operating single-factor working conditions of the fuel cell, obtaining the influence weight of the corresponding single factor under different operating working conditions of the fuel cell system, and establishing a cell voltage attenuation mathematical model;

3) and establishing a galvanic pile model according to the established cell voltage attenuation mathematical model, correcting the galvanic pile model, and establishing the acceleration working condition of the fuel cell according to the correction result.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the method combines a large amount of actual operation data of the fuel cell vehicle to construct the operation condition of the fuel cell system, obtains the influence weight of the single factor corresponding to different operation conditions of the fuel cell system according to different operation conditions of the fuel cell system, establishes a cell voltage attenuation mathematical model, and further establishes the acceleration condition of the fuel cell according to the established cell voltage attenuation mathematical model. The method constructs the operation condition of the fuel cell system by using the actual operation data of the fuel cell vehicle, and improves the accuracy of model input; moreover, the method is used for establishing the durability acceleration test working condition of the fuel cell, is suitable for all fuel cell vehicles, and has higher practicability; meanwhile, the cost is low, and the prediction is accurate.

As a further improvement of the method and the device, the method further comprises a step 4), and the step 4) comprises the following steps: the fuel cell vehicle system is respectively optimized under the real vehicle road environment and the laboratory test environment.

As a further improvement of the method and the device, the establishing step of the electric pile model comprises the following steps: establishing a 2D single battery model; and establishing a 3D electric pile model for calculating the distribution of a flow field, an electric field and a thermal field in the electric pile, and establishing a simplified 2D electric pile model by combining a 2D single battery model, namely the electric pile model.

As a further improvement of the method and the device, the performance of the battery is calculated according to a single battery performance transmission model, and the voltage attenuation rate of the fuel battery under different single-factor working conditions of the operation of the fuel battery is calculated according to the performance of the battery; wherein the cell performance transmission model comprises:

wherein J is mass transfer mass, A is mass transfer cross-sectional area of the diffusion layer, Δ n is mass transfer concentration difference, τ is tortuosity, L is mass transfer length, d_mRho is mass concentration, rho is density of mass transfer gas, k is permeability, Δ P is mass transfer pressure difference, μ is absolute viscosity of mass transfer gas, E is electrode potential, E is absolute viscosity of mass transfer gas⁰The potential of the electrode at standard pressure, R is the gas constant, F is the Faraday constant, n is the electron transferred in the chemical reaction, and a is the activity.

As a further improvement of the method and the device, the operation working conditions of the fuel cell system comprise a start-stop working condition, an idling working condition, a high-load working condition and a variable-load working condition.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the set-up method of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a model demonstration;

fig. 3 is a graph of the aging test conditions.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a fuel cell durability test acceleration condition establishing device, which comprises a processor, wherein the processor is used for executing instructions to realize the fuel cell durability test acceleration condition establishing method, and the method is further described in detail below by combining the attached drawings and an embodiment.

1. Typical test condition establishment for fuel cell vehicle

The method comprises the steps of collecting and analyzing working condition data of a fuel cell bus tested on different urban roads based on urban working conditions in CATC, CCBC and C-WTVC, extracting and fitting fuel cell working conditions of analog calculation and real vehicle testing through AMEsim and Matlab/Simulink combined simulation based on an energy distribution strategy oriented to a long-life and high-efficiency fuel cell power system, constructing the operating working conditions of the fuel cell system, and verifying the reasonability and the feasibility of the operating working conditions.

2. Analyzing the corresponding relation between the single cell life decay model and the single-factor working condition

Based on the operation condition of the fuel cell system, the operation single-factor condition of the fuel cell is decomposed, including the operation conditions such as start-stop, idling, high load, variable load and the like, and the environment conditions such as environment temperature, air quality and the like, a diversified test sample of materials and components such as a proton exchange membrane, a catalyst, a bipolar plate, a catalyst carrier and the like is established, the performance attenuation characteristic of the single cell under each single-factor condition is researched, the voltage attenuation rate of the single cell under different single-factor conditions is calculated, the corresponding single-factor influence weight under different operation conditions of the fuel cell system is obtained, a single-cell voltage attenuation mathematical model is established, and a universal method for predicting the service life according to key materials and component characteristic parameters is provided.

3. Establishing fuel cell stack accelerated aging model and testing condition

Based on the accelerated aging test of the single cell and the characterization result of an aging material, the performance and the aging model of the cell stack are established by combining a voltage attenuation mathematical model of the single cell, a transmission mechanism and an aging mechanism are considered, and cross-scale and multi-physical-field simulation calculation is carried out. And carrying out short pile reference working condition and acceleration working condition tests, correcting the two-dimensional model through three-dimensional pile simulation and short pile rack tests, designing acceleration working conditions after the pile model is verified, and regulating and controlling the frequency of an aging mechanism and the strength of the working conditions in the model to obtain the acceleration working conditions for engineering use. The accuracy of the testing method and the working condition is improved by verifying the acceleration service life working condition of the fuel cell vehicle in the real vehicle road environment.

4. Method for evaluating quick service life of fuel cell system

Based on the acceleration conditions of single cells and short stacks of the fuel cell, an acceleration condition spectrum of the fuel cell system is formulated, a rapid service life evaluation test of the fuel cell system is carried out, and a rapid service life evaluation method is verified. The service life difference influence factor of the fuel cell system is determined by comparing and analyzing the whole road test attenuation rate and the laboratory test attenuation rate of the fuel cell system, and a rapid service life evaluation method for engineering-oriented laboratories and vehicle-mounted fuel cell systems is formulated. The long-life management and control strategy of the fuel cell system is provided aiming at start-stop, idling, high load, variable load and environmental factors in the bus working condition.

Simulation tools for establishing predictive durability and optimizing control are described below.

The main work of the method comprises the following steps: (1) the establishment of the single cell performance transmission model can realize the calculation of the performance of the battery according to the material characteristics and the test of the aging of the material under the single cell accelerated aging test working condition; (2) the 2D electric pile model and the 3D electric pile model for correction are simplified.

The technical scheme of analog simulation specifically comprises the following steps: (1) establishing a relation between a transmission model and material characteristics; (2) the aging caused by non-uniform gas and electric heating due to unconventional working condition changes in the galvanic pile is researched by combining an aging mechanism when a two-dimensional galvanic pile model is simplified; (3) and researching a strategy for prolonging the service life of the stack according to the durability simulation and combined with the system simulation.

Models of battery performance for material properties are mainly:

wherein J is mass transfer mass, A is mass transfer cross-sectional area of the diffusion layer, Δ n is mass transfer concentration difference, τ is tortuosity, L is mass transfer length, d_mRho is mass concentration, rho is density of mass transfer gas, k is permeability, Δ P is mass transfer pressure difference, μ is absolute viscosity of mass transfer gas, E is electrode potential, E is absolute viscosity of mass transfer gas⁰The potential of the electrode at standard pressure, R is the gas constant, F is the Faraday constant, n is the electron transferred in the chemical reaction, and a is the activity.

The 2D single battery model shown in the figure 2 is established, and comprises a membrane electrode structure, a gas tank and a bipolar plate boundary, the transmission phenomena of gas components, an electric field and heat and components possibly participating in chemical aging are solved, and meanwhile, the stress field and deformation are calculated by coupling solid mechanics.

The 3D stack model of fig. 2 is mainly to calculate the flow/electric/thermal field distribution in the stack, and then to build a simplified 2D stack model in combination with the 2D cell model. The electric pile model is verified and then used for designing an acceleration working condition, the frequency of an aging mechanism and the strength of the working condition in the model can be regulated and controlled, an aging result is simulated, and a planned acceleration working condition is shown in figure 3, so that the accelerated aging test of the short electric pile and the electric pile system is guided.

While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.