阅读说明：本技术 一种拉伸、疲劳试样轴向抛光系统 (Axial polishing system for tensile and fatigue test sample ) 是由 范国华 刘庆 孟庆昌 程晓农 曹国剑 于 2020-04-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种拉伸、疲劳试样轴向抛光系统,包括夹持旋转装置和抛光装置；夹持旋转装置包括主轴箱和尾座,主轴箱上设有主电机和夹具,夹具与尾座的后顶尖配合对抛光试样进行固定；抛光装置包括行进机构和磨抛机构,行进机构上承载磨抛机构且实现磨抛机构沿抛光试样的轴向移动,磨抛机构包括抛光轮,抛光轮与抛光试样底部贴合,本发明所设计的轴向抛光系统能够保证沿试样轴向进行抛光且抛磨程度均匀。(The invention discloses an axial polishing system for tensile and fatigue samples, which comprises a clamping and rotating device and a polishing device, wherein the clamping and rotating device comprises a clamping and rotating device and a polishing device; the clamping and rotating device comprises a spindle box and a tailstock, a main motor and a clamp are arranged on the spindle box, and the clamp is matched with a rear center of the tailstock to fix the polishing sample; the polishing device comprises a travelling mechanism and a grinding and polishing mechanism, wherein the travelling mechanism is loaded with the grinding and polishing mechanism and realizes the axial movement of the grinding and polishing mechanism along a polished sample, the grinding and polishing mechanism comprises a polishing wheel, and the polishing wheel is attached to the bottom of the polished sample.)

1. An axial polishing system for tensile and fatigue samples is characterized by comprising a clamping and rotating device and a polishing device; the clamping and rotating device comprises a spindle box (13) and a tailstock (14), a main motor and a clamp (1) are arranged on the spindle box (13), and the clamp (1) is matched with a rear tip (2) of the tailstock (14) to fix the polishing sample (3); the polishing device comprises a travelling mechanism and a grinding and polishing mechanism, the travelling mechanism is loaded with the grinding and polishing mechanism and enables the grinding and polishing mechanism to move along the axial direction of the polishing sample (3), the grinding and polishing mechanism comprises a polishing wheel (6), and the polishing wheel (6) is attached to the bottom of the polishing sample (3).

2. The axial polishing system for the tensile and fatigue test specimen according to claim 1, wherein the advancing mechanism is a horizontally arranged transmission rod (4), a support base (12) is sleeved on the transmission rod (4), the transmission rod (4) and the support base (12) are matched through threads, and the rotation of the transmission rod (4) is converted into the linear motion of the support base (12) through thread transmission.

3. The axial polishing system for the tensile and fatigue test specimens as recited in claim 2, characterized in that the transmission rod (4) is a lead screw, and a travel switch is arranged on the lead screw for controlling the travel of the polishing mechanism.

4. A tensile, fatigue specimen axial polishing system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the rotation shaft of the polishing wheel (6) is mounted on an electric push rod (11), and the position between the polishing wheel (6) and the polishing specimen (3) is adjusted by the electric push rod (11).

5. The tensile and fatigue specimen axial polishing system according to claim 4, wherein the outer ring of the polishing wheel (6) is sleeved with a flexible polishing material (8), the bottom of the polishing wheel (6) is provided with an abrasive bin (7), and the abrasive is uniformly dipped from the abrasive bin (7) in the rotating process of the polishing wheel (6).

6. A tensile, fatigue specimen axial burnishing system according to claim 5, characterized in that the flexible burnishing material (8) is selected from rubber or flannelette.

7. A tensile fatigue specimen axial polishing system according to claim 5, wherein said abrasive is a liquid abrasive.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of metallographic polishing machines, and particularly relates to an axial polishing system for tensile and fatigue samples.

Background

With the development of material science and technology, the application of advanced metal materials is wider and wider. In order to ensure that the performance of the metal material meets the service working condition, metallographic structure inspection and analysis are carried out in the research and development and application processes. Before the microstructure analysis of the metal material, the metallographic specimen must be pre-ground and polished, and the observation and judgment of the microstructure are directly influenced by the quality of polishing.

Fatigue fracture and failure are one of the main failure modes of many key parts, such as various bearings, springs, transmission parts and the like, and abnormal fatigue failure often causes great safety accidents. Therefore, the fatigue resistance, the service life and other index parameters of the material need to be tested and researched. Due to the unique stress mode, the test result of the test method depends heavily on the processing technology of the surface of the sample and the residual stress of the surface of the sample. The fatigue test specimens must be subjected to an axial polishing process. The purpose of axial polishing is two, one is to eliminate radial machining traces during sample machining, and the other is to remove residual stress introduced during sample machining.

As shown in FIG. 1, all existing longitudinal polishing machines adopt abrasive belts, and after being pre-tightened, the abrasive belts reciprocate along the axial direction of a sample, and the sample rotates at a lower speed, so that radial processing traces are removed; and removing residual stress after the abrasive belts with different meshes are replaced and longitudinally polished for multiple times.

The prior longitudinal polishing device and method have the disadvantages that 1, if a sample also rotates in the process of polishing the abrasive belt, the polishing track is a spiral line as shown in figure 2, and is not a machining track strictly parallel to the axial direction of the sample; 2. the abrasive belt is lack of flexibility, the chamfer of the sample cannot be polished, and the chamfer is often a place with heavier processing trace and possibly smaller cross section; 3. the abrasive belt belongs to consumptive material, and the preparation process is loaded down with trivial details, and the cost is higher, and the local roughness that has used and not used exists the difference.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve not enough among the prior art, this application has provided a tensile, tired sample axial polishing system, utilizes flexible polishing material to polish along the sample axial, can avoid the polishing orbit of helix, and flexible polishing material can carry out more omnidirectional polishing to the sample in addition.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

an axial polishing system for tensile and fatigue samples comprises a clamping and rotating device and a polishing device; the clamping and rotating device comprises a spindle box and a tailstock, a main motor and a clamp are arranged on the spindle box, and the clamp is matched with a rear tip of the tailstock to fix a polishing sample;

the polishing device comprises a travelling mechanism and a grinding and polishing mechanism, the travelling mechanism bears the grinding and polishing mechanism and realizes the axial movement of the grinding and polishing mechanism along a polished sample, the grinding and polishing mechanism comprises a polishing wheel, and the polishing wheel is attached to the bottom of the polished sample.

Further, the advancing mechanism is a horizontally arranged transmission rod, a support base is sleeved on the transmission rod, the transmission rod is matched with the support base through threads, and the rotation of the transmission rod is converted into the linear motion of the support base through thread transmission;

furthermore, the transmission rod adopts a lead screw, and a travel switch is arranged on the lead screw and is used for controlling the travel of the grinding and polishing mechanism;

furthermore, a rotating shaft of the polishing wheel is arranged on an electric push rod, and the position between the polishing wheel and a polishing sample is adjusted through the electric push rod;

furthermore, the outer ring of the polishing wheel is sleeved with a flexible polishing material, the bottom of the polishing wheel is provided with a grinding bin, and grinding materials can be uniformly dipped from the grinding bin in the rotation process of the polishing wheel;

further, the flexible polishing material is rubber or flannelette;

further, the abrasive is a liquid abrasive.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the axial polishing system for the tensile and fatigue test sample, the flexible material is adopted to polish the test sample, and on one hand, the flexible polishing material can be more comprehensively adapted to the surface structure of the test sample, for example, the chamfer of the test sample can also be polished; on the other hand, the flexible polishing material is only required to be replaced when replaced, so that the operation speed is improved, and the use cost of consumable materials is also reduced.

2. The axial polishing system for the tensile and fatigue test sample is used for polishing along the axial direction of the test sample, so that a curved polishing track is avoided, the polishing of the axial polishing system can avoid radial processing traces, and the residual stress introduced in the processing process is effectively removed.

3. The invention utilizes the flexible polishing material and the liquid abrasive to polish the sample, so that the polishing degree of the sample is uniform in the whole polishing process, and the uneven polishing degree of the sample caused by the abrasion of the prior abrasive belt in the polishing process is avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art longitudinal polishing machine;

FIG. 2 is a spiral polishing trace produced by a prior art longitudinal polishing machine;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the axial polishing system of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the polishing apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of the polishing apparatus of the present invention in operation and at the test specimen;

in the figure, the polishing device comprises a clamp 1, a clamp 2, a rear tip 3, a polishing sample 4, a transmission rod 5, an abrasive belt 6, a polishing wheel 7, a grinding bin 8, a flexible polishing material 9, a rotating shaft 10, a polishing wheel motor 11, an electric push rod 12, a supporting base 13, a spindle box 14 and a tailstock.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The invention designs an axial polishing system for tensile and fatigue samples, which comprises a sample clamping and rotating device and a polishing device, wherein the sample clamping and rotating device comprises a spindle box 13 and a tailstock 14, the spindle box 13 is fixed on a base, and the tailstock 14 is arranged on the base through a slide rail. The main motor, the speed change mechanism connected with the main motor and the clamp 1 are arranged on the main spindle box 13, the clamp 1 can be a chuck, and the type of the chuck is specifically selected according to a sample; the rear center 2 is horizontally arranged on the tailstock 14, the rear center 2 and a main shaft of the spindle box 13 are coaxially arranged, the tailstock 14 is moved according to the length of the polishing sample 3, and the polishing sample 3 can be fixed by using the clamp 1 and the rear center 2.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, 2 horizontal transmission rods 4 are arranged on the base in parallel, and the transmission rods 4 are arranged coaxially with the spindle of the spindle box 13, specifically, the transmission rods 4 are screw rods, one end of each transmission rod 4 can be connected with a main motor through a transmission mechanism, and the main motor provides power for the main motor; a support base 12 is sleeved on the transmission rod 4, the transmission rod 4 is matched with the support base 12 through threads, and the support base 12 starts to move linearly when the transmission rod 4 rotates; 2 identical electric push rods 11 are fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the supporting base 12, a polishing wheel 6 is vertically arranged between the 2 electric push rods 11, and two ends of a rotating shaft 9 of the polishing wheel 6 are respectively fixed at the top ends of the 2 electric push rods 11; the rotating shaft 9 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the polishing sample 3, and the position of the polishing wheel 6 is adjusted along the vertical direction by adjusting the telescopic length of the electric push rod 11, so that the contact degree of the polishing wheel 6 and the polishing sample 3 is finally adjusted. In addition, a travel switch can be arranged on the transmission rod 4, the length of the movement of the polishing wheel 6 is controlled through the travel switch, and the polishing sample 3 is longitudinally polished along the axial direction.

The outer ring of the polishing wheel 6 is sleeved with a flexible polishing material 8, and the flexible polishing material 8 is rubber or flannelette; as shown in figure 5, the bottom of the polishing wheel 6 is provided with a grinding material bin 7, the grinding material bin is fixedly connected with the shell of the electric push rod 11 through a support rod, the grinding material bin 7 is an arc-shaped groove matched with the polishing wheel 6, grinding materials are placed in the grinding material bin 7 and selected as liquid grinding materials, the grinding materials can be selected as the liquid grinding materials, usually silicon oxide suspension or aluminum oxide suspension, and the selection is carried out according to the material characteristics of an actual sample. In order to ensure the smoothness of the polishing wheel 6 in the working process, the diameter of the polishing wheel 6 is smaller than the diameter of the chamfer of the polishing sample 3, and the width of the polishing wheel 6 is equal to the diameter of the polishing sample 3.

When the polishing wheel 6 axially advances along the polishing sample 3, the polishing sample 3 does not rotate; when the polishing wheel 6 triggers the limit switch to stop advancing, the clamp 1 drives the polishing sample 3 to rotate by a set angle, and the polishing wheel 6 advances reversely to polish; the above steps are repeated until the whole polished sample 3 is polished. The rotation of the polishing wheel 6 and the clamp 1 can be controlled by manual switch control or by methods such as programming.

For a clearer explanation of the tensile, fatigue specimen axial polishing system protected by the present invention, the following is further explained in conjunction with the longitudinal polishing process of the present system:

preparation work: selecting a polishing wheel 6 with proper size according to the size of the polishing sample 3, adjusting the position of the polishing wheel 6 after the polishing sample 3 is fixed, and setting a limit switch according to the length of the polishing sample 3; filling the grinding material bin 7 with grinding materials; the rotation speed of the polishing wheel 6, the advancing speed of the polishing wheel 6 (i.e. the screw transmission speed) and the sample rotation step length are set.

Starting longitudinal polishing: the polishing wheel 6 rotates and drives the abrasive to start polishing from one end along the axial direction of the polishing sample 3, meanwhile, the polishing wheel 6 moves forwards along the axial direction of the polishing sample 3, and when the polishing wheel 6 moves to a transition section at the other end of the sample, the polishing wheel touches a limit switch to stop moving forwards. At the moment, the chuck drives the sample 3 to rotate by a step length, and the polishing wheel 6 moves reversely to polish; when the polishing wheel 6 moves to the transition section at the other end of the polishing sample 3, the polishing wheel touches a limit switch, and the polishing process is repeated until the set time is reached or the polishing is stopped artificially. And the polishing wheel and the grinding material are replaced to realize the gradual polishing of the sample and finally meet the requirement.

The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the design idea and features of the present invention, and the purpose of the present invention is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Therefore, all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the principles and concepts disclosed herein are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.