阅读说明：本技术 利用农林剩余物制备氧负离子阻燃无醛装饰板的方法 (Method for preparing oxygen anion flame-retardant formaldehyde-free decorative plate by utilizing agriculture and forestry residues ) 是由 孙丰文 贾焕亮 施岚 杨勇 沈咏梅 袁欣 鲁守余 张丽 刘爱军 于 2019-11-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种装饰板制备方法,尤其涉及利用农林剩余物制备氧负离子阻燃无醛装饰板的方法。它包括以下步骤：S1,生物质改性:对生物质粉体材料表面改性；S2,基层制备：将经过表面改性处理的生物质粉体材料30-50重量份与第一氯氧镁水泥混合物50-70重量份充分混合后微发泡铺装成基层；S3,表层制备和分层铺装：制备第二氯氧镁水泥混合物,在所述基层上铺装所述第二氯氧镁水泥混合物作为表层；表层厚度与基层厚度比为0.2-0.8:15-20。第一氯氧镁水泥混合物按重量份包括0.5-4份磷酸三钠和硫酸镁、10-20份硅微粉、0.1-0.8份亚甲基双萘磺酸钠、0.1-0.9份聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10、0.1-1份甲酸钙,余量为氯氧镁水泥。本发明制备的装饰板具有阻燃防火、诱生负离子、轻质功能。(The invention relates to a method for preparing a decorative plate, in particular to a method for preparing an oxygen anion flame-retardant formaldehyde-free decorative plate by utilizing agricultural and forestry residues. It comprises the following steps: s1, modifying the surface of the biomass powder material; s2, preparing a base layer: fully mixing 30-50 parts by weight of biomass powder material subjected to surface modification treatment with 50-70 parts by weight of a first magnesium oxychloride cement mixture, and then micro-foaming and paving to form a base layer; s3, preparing a surface layer and paving in a layered mode: preparing a second magnesium oxychloride cement mixture, and paving the second magnesium oxychloride cement mixture on the base layer as a surface layer; the ratio of the thickness of the surface layer to the thickness of the base layer is 0.2-0.8: 15-20. The first magnesium oxychloride cement mixture comprises, by weight, 0.5-4 parts of trisodium phosphate and magnesium sulfate, 10-20 parts of silica micropowder, 0.1-0.8 part of methylene dinaphthalene sodium sulfonate, 0.1-0.9 part of polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether-10, 0.1-1 part of calcium formate, and the balance of magnesium oxychloride cement. The decorative board prepared by the invention has the functions of flame retardance, fire prevention, anion induction and light weight.)

1. The method for preparing the oxygen anion flame-retardant formaldehyde-free decorative board by utilizing the agricultural and forestry residues is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1, modifying the surface of the biomass powder material;

s2, preparing a base layer: fully mixing 30-50 parts by weight of biomass powder material subjected to surface modification treatment with 50-70 parts by weight of a first magnesium oxychloride cement mixture, and then micro-foaming and paving to form a base layer;

s3, preparing a surface layer and paving in a layered mode: preparing a second magnesium oxychloride cement mixture, and paving the second magnesium oxychloride cement mixture on the base layer as a surface layer; the ratio of the thickness of the surface layer to the thickness of the base layer is 0.2-0.8: 15-20.

2. The method for preparing the oxyanion flame-retardant aldehyde-free decorative plate by using the agricultural and forestry residues according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the biomass powder material is prepared from wood, bamboo or straw biomass, and the surface of the biomass powder material is modified by an epoxy silane coupling agent.

3. The method for preparing the oxyanion flame-retardant aldehyde-free decorative plate by using the agricultural and forestry residues according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the first magnesium oxychloride cement mixture comprises, by weight, 0.5-4 parts of trisodium phosphate and magnesium sulfate, 10-20 parts of silica micropowder, 0.1-0.8 part of methylene dinaphthalene sodium sulfonate, 0.1-0.9 part of polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether-10, 0.1-1 part of calcium formate, and the balance of magnesium oxychloride cement.

4. The method for preparing the oxyanion flame-retardant aldehyde-free decorative plate by using the agricultural and forestry residues according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the second magnesium oxychloride cement mixture comprises, by weight, 0.5-1.5 parts of tourmaline powder, 0.5-4 parts of trisodium phosphate and magnesium sulfate, 10-20 parts of silica powder, 0.1-0.8 part of methylene dinaphthalene sodium sulfonate, 0.1-0.9 part of polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether-10, 0.1-1 part of calcium formate and 70-85 parts of magnesium oxychloride cement.

5. The method for preparing the oxyanion flame-retardant aldehyde-free decorative plate by using the agricultural and forestry residues according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the second magnesium oxychloride cement mixture contains 2-5 parts by weight of pregelatinized glutinous rice starch.

6. The method for preparing the oxyanion flame-retardant aldehyde-free decorative board by using the agricultural and forestry residues according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the step S1 of biomass modification specifically includes: mixing and uniformly mixing a biomass powder material, distilled water and a sodium hydroxide solution until the pH value is 9-10, wherein the content of the biomass powder material is 60-80%, then adding an epoxy silane coupling agent, and reacting for 15-25min at the temperature of 140-; cooling to room temperature to obtain a modified biomass powder material; wherein the mass ratio of the epoxy silane coupling agent to the biomass powder material is 1: 8-15.

7. The method for preparing the oxyanion flame-retardant aldehyde-free decorative plate by using the agricultural and forestry residues according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S2 of preparing the base layer specifically includes: uniformly mixing 30-50 parts by weight of biomass powder material subjected to surface modification treatment, 50-70 parts by weight of a first magnesium oxychloride cement mixture and 40-60 parts by weight of brine to prepare a first gel foaming system, paving, and performing first pre-pressing to form a base layer.

8. The method for preparing the oxyanion flame-retardant aldehyde-free decorative plate by using the agricultural and forestry residues according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S2 of preparing the base layer specifically includes: uniformly mixing 30-50 parts by weight of biomass powder material subjected to surface modification treatment, 0.5-4 parts by weight of trisodium phosphate and magnesium sulfate, 10-20 parts by weight of silica powder, 0.1-0.8 part by weight of sodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate, 25-55 parts by weight of magnesium oxychloride cement and 20-30 parts by weight of brine to obtain an initial gel, then adding 20-30 parts by weight of brine, 0.1-0.9 part by weight of polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether-10 and 0.1-1 part by weight of calcium formate, uniformly mixing to prepare a first gel foaming system, paving, and performing first pre-pressing to form a base layer.

9. The method for preparing the oxyanion flame-retardant aldehyde-free decorative plate by using the agricultural and forestry residues according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pre-pressing process comprises a first high pressure, a second low pressure, a third low pressure and a fourth low pressure; the total prepressing time is 8-15 minutes; the first high pressure is 0.8-1.4MPa, and the pressure application time is 10-30% of the total prepressing time; the second low pressure is 0.2-0.8MPa, and the pressure application time is 20-40% of the total pre-pressing time; the third low pressure is 0.5-1.1MPa, and the pressure application time is 10-30% of the total pre-pressing time; the fourth low pressure is 0.2-0.8MPa, and the pressing time is 10-40% of the total prepressing time.

10. The method for preparing the oxyanion flame-retardant aldehyde-free decorative plate by using the agricultural and forestry residues according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step S3, after the surface layer is prepared and layered and paved, the method also comprises step S4 of hot pressing: the hot pressing temperature is 100-140 ℃; the hot pressing time is 20-40 min; the hot pressing pressure is 1.2-1.6 MPa.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for preparing a decorative plate, in particular to a method for preparing an oxygen anion flame-retardant formaldehyde-free decorative plate by utilizing agricultural and forestry residues.

Background

Although the total amount of forest resources in China is continuously increased and the quality is steadily improved, the forest coverage rate in China is far from the average level of 31 percent of the world, the per-capita forest area is only 1/4 of the per-capita level in the world, the per-capita forest accumulation is only 1/7 of the per-capita level in the world, and the contradiction between effective supply of forest resources and the increasing wood demand still exists. Finding a substitute material for wood material is one of the ways to solve the contradiction between forest resource supply and wood demand. The agricultural and forestry residues are an important biomass resource, which are generated in the processes from harvest to processing of agricultural and forestry crops, and are common straw, wood and bamboo processing residues and forest felling residues. Research shows that the agricultural and forestry waste reaches over seven hundred million tons every year in China. Under the condition that forest resources in China are in shortage, agricultural and forestry wastes are researched to replace wood to serve as raw materials of the interior decoration decorative plate, on one hand, the shortage of the resources can be relieved, on the other hand, the utilization rate of the agricultural and forestry wastes can be improved, and effective conversion and effective utilization of energy are achieved.

The magnesium oxychloride fireproof board has the advantages of low material cost, wide source, simple production process equipment, easy realization of automatic control, non-combustibility, no aldehyde and the like, is a novel fireproof decorative board following a gypsum board, is widely used for indoor suspended ceilings and simple partition wall materials, and has the defects of moisture absorption deformation, poor waterproofness, large specific gravity, low strength and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for preparing an oxyanion flame-retardant formaldehyde-free decorative board by using agricultural and forestry residues, which has the functions of flame retardance, fire prevention, anion induction and light weight.

The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the method for preparing the oxygen anion flame-retardant formaldehyde-free decorative board by utilizing the agricultural and forestry residues comprises the following steps:

s1, modifying the surface of the biomass powder material;

s2, preparing a base layer: fully mixing 30-50 parts by weight of biomass powder material subjected to surface modification treatment with 50-70 parts by weight of a first magnesium oxychloride cement mixture, and then micro-foaming and paving to form a base layer;

s3, preparing a surface layer and paving in a layered mode: preparing a second magnesium oxychloride cement mixture, and paving the second magnesium oxychloride cement mixture on the base layer as a surface layer; the ratio of the thickness of the surface layer to the thickness of the base layer is 0.2-0.8: 15-20.

The invention utilizes the agriculture and forestry processing residues to develop the decorative plate with the flame-retardant, aldehyde-free and oxygen-rich health-care functions, and increases the release capacity of oxygen anions in the air, and aims to promote the efficient utilization of the agriculture and forestry processing residues, replace glass magnesium boards occupying most markets, make up the defects of wooden home-mounted boards, and realize the excellent combination of natural biomass materials and flame-retardant inorganic gelled materials.

Preferably, the biomass powder material is prepared from wood, bamboo or straw biomass, and the surface of the biomass powder material is modified by an epoxy silane coupling agent.

The induced negative ion function of the biomass powder material modified by the epoxy silane coupling agent is improved, and the preparation of the decorative plate with the light function in the subsequent steps is facilitated.

Preferably, the first magnesium oxychloride cement mixture comprises, by weight, 0.5-4 parts of trisodium phosphate and magnesium sulfate, 10-20 parts of silica micropowder, 0.1-0.8 part of sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate, 0.1-0.9 part of polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether-10, 0.1-1 part of calcium formate, and the balance of magnesium oxychloride cement.

The silicon micropowder is prepared from natural quartz (SiO)₂) Or the fused quartz is processed into micro powder by a plurality of processes. When it is added into magnesium oxychloride cement, it can fill the pores between cement grains and react with the hydration product of cement to produce gel. Adding silica micropowder into magnesium oxychloride cement, and reacting with magnesium oxide to generate a gel. The addition of polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether-10 can reduce the dosage of the cementing material, reduce the weight of the magnesium oxychloride cementing material product and simultaneously improve the compression strength and the tensile strength. As a retarder, the trisodium phosphate not only can fully react with magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride, but also can block a part of pores and reduce the number of open pores, thereby achieving the purpose of improving water resistance. Meanwhile, magnesium sulfate can react to generate water-insoluble Mg (OH) in a magnesium oxychloride system₂Further improving the impermeability of the product.

In the mixture, sodium methylenedinaphthalenesulfonate (NNO) is used as a dispersant, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether-10 (OP-10) is used as a surfactant (emulsifier), and the filler compounding can improve the strength and the water resistance of cement, and can improve the elasticity, the surface activity and the water resistance of the first magnesium oxychloride cement mixture and the modified biomass powder material which are used as board base materials.

The combination of trisodium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, NNO and OP-10 in specific proportion and component proportion can improve the function of inducing oxygen anions of the plate.

Preferably, the first magnesium oxychloride cement mixture contains 3 to 6 parts by weight of pregelatinized glutinous rice starch.

The pre-gelatinized sticky rice starch with a certain weight part is added, so that the oxygen anion induction function of the board can be further improved, and the 24-hour water absorption thickness expansion rate of the decorative board can not be influenced.

More preferably, the first magnesium oxychloride cement mixture comprises 2 parts by weight of trisodium phosphate and magnesium sulfate, 15 parts by weight of silicon micropowder, 0.5 part by weight of sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate, 0.5 part by weight of polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether-10, 0.5 part by weight of calcium formate, and the balance of magnesium oxychloride cement.

Preferably, the second magnesium oxychloride cement mixture comprises, by weight, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of tourmaline powder, 0.5 to 4 parts of trisodium phosphate and magnesium sulfate, 10 to 20 parts of silica powder, 0.1 to 0.8 part of sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate, 0.1 to 0.9 part of polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether-10, 0.1 to 1 part of calcium formate, and 70 to 85 parts of magnesium oxychloride cement.

Preferably, the second magnesium oxychloride cement mixture contains 2 to 5 parts by weight of pregelatinized glutinous rice starch.

More preferably, the second magnesium oxychloride cement mixture comprises 1 part of tourmaline powder, 2 parts of trisodium phosphate and magnesium sulfate, 15 parts of silicon micropowder, 0.5 part of sodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate, 0.5 part of polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether-10, 0.5 part of calcium formate and 80 parts of magnesium oxychloride cement in parts by weight.

Preferably, the ratio of the thickness of the top layer to the thickness of the base layer is 0.5: 17.

The thickness ratio of the specific proportion of the invention can enable the MOR static bending strength, the MOE elastic modulus, the water absorption of 24h and the water absorption thickness expansion rate of 24h of the decorative plate to achieve the optimal combination.

Preferably, the biomass modification of step S1 specifically includes: mixing and uniformly mixing a biomass powder material, distilled water and a sodium hydroxide solution until the pH value is 9-10, wherein the content of the biomass powder material is 60-80%, then adding an epoxy silane coupling agent, and reacting for 15-25min at the temperature of 140-; cooling to room temperature to obtain a modified biomass powder material; wherein the mass ratio of the epoxy silane coupling agent to the biomass powder material is 1: 8-15.

Preferably, the preparation of the base layer in step S2 specifically includes: uniformly mixing 30-50 parts by weight of biomass powder material subjected to surface modification treatment, 50-70 parts by weight of a first magnesium oxychloride cement mixture and 40-60 parts by weight of brine to prepare a first gel foaming system, paving, and prepressing to form a base layer.

The brine is used for gel foaming to obtain a first gel foaming system in an alkaline environment, and a decorative board base layer is obtained after further paving and prepressing, so that the MOR static bending strength and MOE elastic modulus of the decorative board and the oxygen anion inducing function of the board can be improved.

More preferably, the step S2 of preparing the base layer specifically includes: uniformly mixing 30-50 parts by weight of biomass powder material subjected to surface modification treatment, 0.5-4 parts by weight of trisodium phosphate and magnesium sulfate, 10-20 parts by weight of silica powder, 0.1-0.8 part by weight of sodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate, 25-55 parts by weight of magnesium oxychloride cement and 20-30 parts by weight of brine to obtain an initial gel, then adding 20-30 parts by weight of brine, 0.1-0.9 part by weight of polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether-10 and 0.1-1 part by weight of calcium formate, uniformly mixing to prepare a first gel foaming system, paving, and performing first pre-pressing to form a base layer.

The inventor finds that MOR static bending strength, MOE elastic modulus and oxygen anion inducing function of the plate can be further improved by adding different substances in stages.

More preferably, the brine is chloride-based brine or carbonate-based brine.

More preferably, the pre-pressing process comprises a first high pressure, a second low pressure, a third low pressure and a fourth low pressure; the total prepressing time is 8-15 minutes; the first high pressure is 0.8-1.4MPa, and the pressure application time is 10-30% of the total prepressing time; the second low pressure is 0.2-0.8MPa, and the pressure application time is 20-40% of the total pre-pressing time; the third low pressure is 0.5-1.1MPa, and the pressure application time is 10-30% of the total pre-pressing time; the fourth low pressure is 0.2-0.8MPa, and the pressing time is 10-40% of the total prepressing time.

The specific multi-stage prepressing method can improve the prepressing performance of the decorative plate and the connection performance of the base layer and the surface layer, and reduce the hot pressing temperature and time of the decorative plate.

More preferably, the first high-pressure is 1.1MPa, and the pressing time is 20% of the total prepressing time; the second low-pressure is 0.5MPa, and the pressure application time is 30% of the total prepressing time; the third low-pressure is 0.8MPa, and the pressure application time is 20% of the total prepressing time; the fourth low-pressure is 0.5MPa, and the pressing time is 30% of the total prepressing time.

Preferably, the step S3 of preparing and paving the surface layer in layers includes preparing a second magnesium oxychloride cement mixture, mixing 10-15 parts by weight of the second magnesium oxychloride cement mixture with 8-12 parts by weight of brine, and paving the mixture on the base layer as the surface layer; the ratio of the thickness of the surface layer to the thickness of the base layer is 0.2-0.8: 15-20.

Preferably, before the second magnesium oxychloride cement mixture is spread on the base layer, the base layer is coated with a soy protein adhesive, and the single-side coating amount is 30-50g/m²。

More preferably, the soy protein adhesive is a low-temperature pre-cured prepressing soy protein adhesive, and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of soybean protein powder, 55-75 parts of water, 2-6 parts of polyamide epoxy compound, 3-10 parts of low-temperature film-forming emulsion and 0.01-5 parts of triazine ring group high-reactivity polyfunctional epoxy compound.

The soybean protein adhesive is precured to form a large number of adhesive nails, the low-temperature precuring behavior and the curing degree of the soybean protein adhesive play an important role in improving the prepressing performance of the adhesive, and the prepressing performance of the soybean protein adhesive is improved by constructing the low-temperature precuring system.

The invention takes soy protein as a basic raw material, a polyamide epoxy compound as a cross-linking agent viscosity reducer, and adds low-temperature film-forming emulsion and triazine ring group high-reaction activity polyfunctional epoxy compound as a prepressing reinforcing agent to prepare the high prepressing adhesive.

Further preferably, the low-temperature film-forming emulsion is an acrylic emulsion or a styrene-acrylic emulsion.

Further preferably, the preparation method of the soy protein adhesive comprises the following steps:

s11, the raw materials of the following components are proportioned according to the parts by weight: 20-50 parts of soybean meal powder with 58-65% of protein content, 55-75 parts of water, 2-6 parts of cross-linking agent and 0.01-5 parts of reinforcing agent;

s12, adding a cross-linking agent into water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 3-6 minutes, adding 20-40% of soybean meal powder, and homogenizing and emulsifying under 40-50MPa for 10-15min to obtain a first mixture;

s13, adding the rest soybean meal powder into the first mixture, uniformly mixing, adding 40-70% of reinforcing agent, and reacting at 40-50 ℃ for 25-35 minutes to obtain a second mixture;

and S14, adding the rest reinforcing agent into the second mixture, reacting at 50-70 ℃ for 5-8min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the soy protein adhesive.

According to the invention, homogeneous conditions are utilized to uniformly disperse the cross-linking agent (polyamide epoxy compound or cationic epoxy compound), and spherical aggregates in the soybean meal can be opened to increase the contact area with the cross-linking agent, so that the performance can be synergistically improved, the uniformity and stability of an adhesive system are facilitated, and the addition amount of the cross-linking agent is reduced.

Preferably, for the high pre-compaction soy protein adhesive based on low-temperature pre-curing, the step S2 further includes adding a half of the low-temperature film forming agent after homogenizing and emulsifying to form a first mixture; and step S3, adding the rest of soybean meal powder into the first mixture, uniformly mixing, adding 40-70% of reinforcing agent, and then adding the rest of low-temperature film-forming agent for reaction to obtain a second mixture.

According to the invention, the soybean meal, the cross-linking agent, the low-temperature film-forming agent and the reinforcing agent are added in batches by stages, so that the polymerization degree of the soybean meal can be improved, the formation of a branched structure is facilitated, and the reaction activity of the soybean protein is improved; the protein denaturation degree and the molecular weight of an adhesive system are effectively improved, the prepressing performance and the bonding performance of the adhesive are improved, the hot-pressing temperature and time of the adhesive are reduced, the manufacturability of the adhesive is enhanced, and the bonding performance of the adhesive is synergistically enhanced.

Preferably, the step S3 of preparing the surface layer and laying the surface layer in layers further comprises the step S4 of hot pressing: the hot pressing temperature is 100-140 ℃; the hot pressing time is 20-40 min; the hot pressing pressure is 1.2-1.6 MPa.

More preferably, the hot pressing conditions of step S4 are: the hot pressing temperature is 120 ℃; hot pressing time is 30 min; the hot pressing pressure is 1.4 MPa.

In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the research utilizes the agriculture and forestry processing residues to develop the decorative plate with the flame-retardant, aldehyde-free and oxygen-rich health-care functions and increase the release capacity of oxygen anions in the air, aims to promote the efficient utilization of the agriculture and forestry processing residues, replaces glass magnesium boards occupying most markets, makes up the defects of wooden home-mounted plates, and realizes the excellent combination of natural biomass materials and flame-retardant inorganic gelled materials;

2. the induced negative ion function of the biomass powder material modified by the epoxy silane coupling agent is improved, and the preparation of the decorative plate with the light weight function and the induced oxygen negative ion function in the subsequent steps is facilitated;

3. adding the silicon micropowder into magnesium oxychloride cement, filling pores among cement particles, and reacting with hydration products of the cement to generate gel; the addition of the polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether-10 can reduce the dosage of the cementing material, reduce the weight of the magnesium oxychloride cementing material product and simultaneously improve the compression strength and the tensile strength; the trisodium phosphate is used as a retarder, so that the magnesium oxide and the magnesium chloride can fully react, a part of pores can be blocked, and the number of open pores is reduced, so that the aim of improving the water resistance is fulfilled; the filler compounding can improve the strength and the water resistance of cement, and can also improve the elasticity, the surface activity and the waterproofness of the first magnesium oxychloride cement mixture and the modified biomass powder material as the base material of the board;

4. the thickness ratio of the specific proportion can enable the MOR static bending strength, the MOE elastic modulus, the water absorption rate for 24 hours and the water absorption thickness expansion rate for 24 hours of the decorative plate to achieve the optimal combination;

5. the brine is used for gel foaming to obtain a first gel foaming system in an alkaline environment, and a decorative board base layer is obtained after further paving and prepressing, so that the MOR static bending strength and MOE elastic modulus of the decorative board and the oxygen anion inducing function of the board can be improved.

Detailed Description