阅读说明：本技术 一种浸轧交联成膜整理方法 (Padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method ) 是由 蔡再生 靳凯丽 朱锦 李明柳 李晓彦 张硕 于 2019-10-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种浸轧交联成膜整理方法,先采用成膜乳液对织物进行浸轧整理,再对织物进行烘干和焙烘形成连续的膜；成膜乳液主要由改性水性聚氨酯和水组成,改性水性聚氨酯是通过将水性聚氨酯与改性剂乳液超声共混制得的,改性剂为丙烯酸酯、乙亚胺或尿丁酮,浸轧的轧余率≥60％,焙烘的温度≥140℃。本发明的一种浸轧交联成膜整理方法,工序简单,成本低廉,适用范围广,可以有效提高聚氨酯薄膜与织物的结合性能,整理牢度较高,可赋予织物各种优异性能。(The invention relates to a padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method, which comprises the steps of padding finishing a fabric by using a film-forming emulsion, and then drying and baking the fabric to form a continuous film; the film-forming emulsion mainly comprises modified waterborne polyurethane and water, wherein the modified waterborne polyurethane is prepared by ultrasonically blending waterborne polyurethane and modifier emulsion, the modifier is acrylate, ethylimine or urethanone, the padding residual rate is not less than 60%, and the baking temperature is not less than 140 ℃. The padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method has the advantages of simple process, low cost and wide application range, can effectively improve the bonding property of the polyurethane film and the fabric, has high finishing fastness, and can endow the fabric with various excellent properties.)

1. A padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method is characterized in that: padding and finishing the fabric by adopting the film-forming emulsion, and then drying and baking the fabric to form a continuous film; the film-forming emulsion mainly comprises modified waterborne polyurethane and water, wherein the modified waterborne polyurethane is prepared by ultrasonically blending waterborne polyurethane and modifier emulsion, the modifier is acrylate, ethylimine or urethanone, the padding residual rate is not less than 60%, and the baking temperature is not less than 140 ℃.

2. The padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the continuous film is 0.05-0.15 mm, and the swelling rate of the continuous film after being soaked in water at room temperature for 24h is 40-70%.

3. The padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method according to claim 1, wherein the solid content of the waterborne polyurethane is 30-50%, and the solid content of the modifier emulsion is 30-50%; the mass ratio of the aqueous polyurethane in the modified aqueous polyurethane to the modifier emulsion is 5: 1-1: 1.

4. The padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of ultrasonic blending is 50-70 ℃, the power is 600-1000W, and the time is 1-3 h.

5. The padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method according to claim 1, wherein the waterborne polyurethane is one-component waterborne polyurethane or two-component waterborne polyurethane.

6. The padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method according to claim 1, wherein the film-forming emulsion is prepared by adding a coupling agent, a penetrating agent and water into the modified waterborne polyurethane and uniformly stirring.

7. A padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method according to claim 6, characterized in that the concentration of each component in the film-forming emulsion is: 100-300 g/L of modified waterborne polyurethane, 0-30 g/L of coupling agent, 0-5 g/L of penetrating agent and the balance of water.

8. A padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method according to claim 7, characterized in that the coupling agent is silane coupling agent KH series, and the penetrating agent is JFC series.

9. The padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method according to claim 6, wherein the stirring speed is 1000-1500 rpm, and the stirring time is 30-60 min.

10. The padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method according to claim 1, wherein padding is two-dipping and two-rolling, and the padding allowance is 60-80%; the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the drying time is 3-5 min; the baking temperature is 140-170 ℃, and the baking time is 90-120 s.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of textile finishing, and relates to a padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method.

Background

The Waterborne Polyurethane (WPU) is a polyurethane resin formed by dissolving or dispersing polyurethane in water by replacing a traditional organic solvent with water. The water dispersion medium has the advantages of non-inflammability, small smell, energy conservation, convenient operation, no environmental pollution and the like, reduces the pollution of harmful gas to the environment in the production process of polyurethane, meets the development requirement of green chemistry, reduces the production cost, and is widely applied to the industries of textile printing and dyeing, coating, adhesives, wood processing, leather, building, paper making and the like at present.

The application of the waterborne polyurethane in the field of textile finishing begins in nearly ten years, the waterborne polyurethane is mainly used as finishing agents for wool and cotton fabrics, such as crease resistance, shrink resistance, antibiosis, static resistance, water resistance, moisture permeability and the like, the main finishing mode is the same as that of oil-based polyurethane, and the coating process is mainly used. For example, document 1 (preparation and performance research [ J ].2018,4,16-20 ] of an antistatic waterborne polyurethane coating) develops an antistatic waterborne polyurethane coating by using graphene oxide as an antistatic agent, and detection results show that the coating of the coating has good physical properties, good weather resistance and corrosion resistance, and antistatic properties meeting the use requirements; however, the conventional coating process has the defects of multiple working procedures, high consumption, poor aesthetic feeling of the produced product, poor air permeability, peculiar smell, easy volatilization and falling off after long-time sunlight irradiation, color spots, color difference, color flowers and other dyeing defects, not only influences the functionality of the fabric, but also cannot meet the environmental protection requirement, the performance of the fabric cannot meet the requirements of people, in addition, the apparent appearance of the fabric is covered after coating finishing, and the fabric is not suitable for finishing of light and thin light-colored fabrics with higher requirements on appearance and appearance.

The aqueous polyurethane can form stable emulsion in aqueous solution, a layer of film can be formed on the surface of the fiber through a curing process, and the rheological property of the aqueous solution is basically not changed greatly after a certain amount of aqueous polyurethane is added, which means that the aqueous polyurethane can be used for a padding process. Particularly, the single-component waterborne polyurethane has low cost, can be used after being opened, has very high elongation at break (up to 800%) and proper strength (up to 200MPa), has small influence on the appearance of a substrate after film forming, and can be used for functional finishing of fabrics with high requirements on appearance and appearance. However, the current reports of the application of the waterborne polyurethane to the padding finishing process are relatively few, and the waterborne polyurethane is basically used for shrink-proof finishing of wool or crease-proof finishing of cotton fabrics. For example, document 2 (comprehensive finishing of polyurethane on woolen fabrics [ J ].2014,3(42),28 to 33.) adopts a padding method of applying end-capped polyurethane to worsted woolen fabrics for two-pad and two-pad finishing, the anti-felting performance and the form stability of the finished woolen fabrics are obviously improved, and the variation of the pleat retention, the air and moisture permeability and the breaking strength of the fabrics is small; document 3 (synthesis and application [ J ] of thermal reaction type WPU for anti-pilling finishing, 2013,6,53-56.) a reactive anionic waterborne polyurethane finishing agent is synthesized by using isophorone diisocyanate as a basic raw material and sodium bisulfite as a blocking agent, and after the agent is finished on cotton fabrics by a padding method, the anti-pilling of the fabrics reaches level 4, the fabrics have soft hand feeling and almost no reduction of whiteness.

Although the current reports on the aqueous polyurethane padding process basically achieve the required functional effects, the functional finishes all need to synthesize specific aqueous polyurethane finishing agents, such as wool fabric washable anti-felting agent which is self-made epoxy resin modified cationic aqueous polyurethane emulsion, and cotton fabric anti-wrinkling finishing agent which is end-capped aqueous polyurethane. The complex synthesis steps are carried out before finishing the fabric to prepare the required reagent, so that the production investment is increased, the yield is not high, and the industrial mass production is not facilitated. In addition, the functional finishing is to fix the waterborne polyurethane on the surface of the fiber by a padding-baking method, and both the research on the type and the using amount of the waterborne polyurethane and the research on padding process parameters take the crosslinking degree between the finishing agent and the fabric and the influence on the fabric performance as reference standards, the film forming condition of the waterborne polyurethane on the surface of the fabric is not considered, and only the waterborne polyurethane is used as a novel functional finishing agent, so the film forming condition of the waterborne polyurethane on the surface of the fabric is not concerned, and the influence of the baking temperature on the surface form of the waterborne polyurethane on the surface of the fabric is not concerned.

Therefore, the research on the padding film-forming finishing method which has simple working procedures and high finishing fastness and can endow the fabric with various excellent performances is of great significance.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of complex working procedures and poor finishing fastness of a fabric surface finishing method in the existing coating film forming technology, and provides a padding crosslinking film forming finishing method. According to the invention, the water-based polyurethane is used as a film forming reagent, the acrylate, the ethylimine or the uretone are used as a modifying reagent, and a padding finishing process is adopted to form a layer of continuous film on the surface of the fabric, so that the problems of complex process, poor finishing fastness, lack of aesthetic feeling of the produced product, poor air permeability, peculiar smell and easy aging caused by coating film forming finishing are solved.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:

a padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method comprises the steps of padding finishing a fabric by using a film-forming emulsion, and then drying and baking the fabric to form a continuous film; the film-forming emulsion mainly comprises modified waterborne polyurethane and water (various functional finishing agents can be added into the film-forming emulsion to endow the fabric with different functions), the modified waterborne polyurethane is prepared by ultrasonically blending the waterborne polyurethane and a modifier emulsion, the modifier is acrylate, ethylimine or uretone, the padding residual rate is not less than 60%, and the baking temperature is not less than 140 ℃.

The invention realizes the crosslinking film forming of the modified waterborne polyurethane on the surface of the fabric by controlling the padding residual rate and the baking temperature, the padding residual rate of the invention is relatively higher (more than or equal to 60 percent), so that the surface of the fabric contains enough modified waterborne polyurethane for forming a continuous film, meanwhile, the invention researches the correlation between the baking temperature and the film forming effect, finds that the baking temperature is not too low, otherwise, the crosslinking efficiency is influenced, so that the film forming effect is poor, the baking temperature is determined to be more than or equal to 140 ℃, the invention ensures that the surface of the fabric is modified with the waterborne polyurethane in sufficient quantity by matching the padding residual rate and the baking temperature, the crosslinking can be carried out, and finally the continuous film is formed on the surface of the fabric.

The waterborne polyurethane is subjected to modification treatment, and the waterborne polyurethane can be crosslinked with polar groups among acrylic esters in the ultrasonic process, so that the respective defects are overcome, the respective advantages are exerted, and the performances of a film-forming emulsion and a film are obviously improved; if the waterborne polyurethane is not modified, the using amount of the waterborne polyurethane is obviously increased, so that the film is thick and easy to absorb moisture, and meanwhile, the crosslinking effect is poor.

The current report relates to a method of mechanically stirring waterborne polyurethane and acrylate, adding acrylate monomer into waterborne polyurethane polymer emulsion to prepare mixed waterborne polyurethane/polyacrylate polymer emulsion, and simultaneously using seed polymerization. The conventional mechanical stirring crosslinking degree is not high, the acrylate and the waterborne polyurethane are connected together only by relying on hydrogen bonds and intermolecular force, the acrylate and the waterborne polyurethane are easy to separate in the storage process, and if the inorganic finishing agent is added, the acrylate is more used as a dispersing agent; the stable modified waterborne polyurethane can be formed by a chemical polymerization method, but the operation is complex, the whole synthesis process needs to be completed, the acrylate basically and the waterborne polyurethane are crosslinked, so that the free acrylate content is low, and the inorganic finishing agent is added to play a role in non-dispersion; the invention adopts an ultrasonic blending method, which can not only crosslink the acrylic ester, the ethylimine or the urine butanone with the aqueous polyurethane, but also ensure more free acrylic ester, ethylimine or urine butanone content so as to ensure that the inorganic finishing agent can be fully dispersed when the inorganic finishing agent is added subsequently, and in addition, the crosslinking degree of the modified aqueous polyurethane and the fabric can be increased, thereby improving the bonding property with the fabric.

As a preferred technical scheme:

according to the padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method, the thickness of the continuous film is 0.05-0.15 mm, the continuous film is usually formed by a coating finishing method in the prior art, and the coating needs an adhesive, so that the coating film is thicker, generally 0.1-0.5 mm, and the appearance and the hand feeling of the fabric are influenced; the swelling rate of the continuous membrane after being soaked in water for 24 hours at room temperature is 40-70%.

According to the padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method, the solid content of the waterborne polyurethane is 30-50%, and the solid content of the modifier emulsion is 30-50%; the mass ratio of the waterborne polyurethane in the modified waterborne polyurethane to the modifier emulsion is 5: 1-1: 1, the content of the modifier emulsion is not too high or too low, the effect of dispersion modification cannot be achieved due to too low content, and self-polymerization can occur due to too high content.

According to the padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method, the ultrasonic blending temperature is 50-70 ℃, the power is 600-1000W, and the time is 1-3 h; the ultrasonic temperature is too low, the required time is long, the ultrasonic temperature is too high, the reaction process is not easy to control, and the ultrasonic time is 1-3 h within the temperature and power range set by the invention, so that the effects of modifying and dispersing the waterborne polyurethane can be achieved.

As compared with the double-component waterborne polyurethane, the single-component waterborne polyurethane has low cost and can be used after being opened, has very high breaking elongation (up to 800 percent) and proper strength (up to 200MPa), has small influence on the appearance of a substrate, can be used for functional finishing of fabrics with higher requirements on appearance and appearance, and therefore, the invention preferably uses the single-component waterborne polyurethane, more preferably, a one-component aliphatic waterborne polyurethane is used.

According to the padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method, the film-forming emulsion is prepared by adding the coupling agent, the penetrating agent and water into the modified waterborne polyurethane and uniformly stirring.

According to the padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method, the concentration of each component in the film-forming emulsion is as follows: 100-300 g/L of modified waterborne polyurethane, 0-30 g/L of coupling agent, 0-5 g/L of penetrating agent and the balance of water.

According to the padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method, the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent KH series, and the penetrating agent is a JFC series.

According to the padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method, the stirring speed is 1000-1500 rpm, and the stirring time is 30-60 min. The stirring rotating speed is too low, the required time is longer, and the influence on the dispersion effect is not great when the rotating speed is too high; too short a time results in no dispersing effect, and too long a time results in less improvement of the dispersing effect.

According to the padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method, padding is two-dipping two-rolling, and the padding allowance rate of padding is 60-80%; the two-dipping and two-rolling can ensure that the modified waterborne polyurethane is fully combined with the fabric and further can ensure that a continuous film can be formed, so the optimization of the invention is preferred, the protection scope of the invention is not limited by the two-dipping and two-rolling, and the one-dipping and one-rolling are also suitable for the invention, but the problem of poor film continuity can exist in individual cases; the rolling allowance is too small, the amount of finishing liquor on the fabric is small, the continuity of film forming is influenced, the film is too thin, the effect of protecting the fabric cannot be achieved, the rolling allowance is too large, the finishing liquor on the fabric is easy to distribute unevenly, the film forming is too thick, the hand feeling and the appearance structure of the fabric are influenced, and therefore the rolling allowance is preferably 60-80%; the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the drying time is 3-5 min; the baking temperature is 140-170 ℃, and the baking time is 90-120 s; the baking temperature is not too high or too low, the strength and the hand feeling of the fabric are reduced due to too high baking temperature, and the crosslinking efficiency is influenced due to too low baking temperature, so that the film forming effect is poor; the baking time is not suitable to be too long or too short, the fabric strength is reduced and the hand feeling is hard when the baking time is more than 120s, the baking time is less than 90s, the self-crosslinking degree of the modified waterborne polyurethane and the crosslinking degree between the modified waterborne polyurethane and the fabric are not enough, and the continuity of film forming is influenced.

Has the advantages that:

(1) the padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method has the advantages of simple process, low cost and wide application range;

(2) the padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method can effectively improve the bonding performance of the polyurethane film and the fabric, and has higher finishing fastness;

(3) the padding crosslinking film-forming finishing method can endow the fabric with various excellent performances.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a padding film-forming functional finishing method of a fabric according to the present invention;

the method comprises the following steps of 1-finishing a fabric to be finished, 2-dip rolling tank, 3-dip rolling rod, 4-oven, 5-forming machine and 6-cloth rolling device.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.