阅读说明：本技术 一种新型谷壳培养基在工厂化栽培白色金针菇中的应用 (Application of novel husk culture medium in industrial cultivation of white flammulina velutipes ) 是由 余养朝 冯占 李贺文 李秋月 于 2019-09-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种新型谷壳培养基在工厂化栽培白色金针菇中的应用,涉及食用菌培养技术领域,该新型谷壳培养基在工厂化栽培白色金针菇中的应用,栽培基质中原料包括：谷壳,玉米芯,米糠,麸皮,干豆渣,啤酒糟,大豆皮,贝壳粉。本发明通过添加谷壳作为金针菇培养基的部分原料用以代替部分玉米芯,具有储存条件好、支撑性好、透气性强和成本低等优点,达到了有效利用能大量消耗谷壳,积极促进谷壳的综合利用,降低金针菇培养成本的目的,解决了金针菇栽培所使用的玉米芯价格不断攀升,需要找出更为低廉成本的玉米芯替代料,同时许多地方把谷壳作为废弃物,这不但是对资源的极大浪费,在经济上造成巨大损失,而且对环境也造成了很大污染的问题。(The invention discloses application of a novel husk culture medium in industrial cultivation of white flammulina velutipes, and relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, wherein the novel husk culture medium is applied in the industrial cultivation of the white flammulina velutipes, and the cultivation medium comprises the following raw materials: rice husk, corncob, rice bran, dried bean dregs, brewer's grains, soybean hull and shell powder. The invention adds the rice husks as partial raw materials of the needle mushroom culture medium to replace partial corncobs, has the advantages of good storage condition, good support property, strong air permeability, low cost and the like, achieves the purposes of effectively utilizing a large amount of consumed rice husks, actively promoting the comprehensive utilization of the rice husks and reducing the culture cost of the needle mushrooms, and solves the problems that the price of the corncobs used for culturing the needle mushrooms is continuously increased, the corncob substitute with lower cost needs to be found, and the rice husks are used as waste in many places, so that the method not only greatly wastes resources and causes great loss in economy, but also causes great pollution to the environment.)

1. The application of the novel chaff culture medium in the industrial cultivation of the white flammulina velutipes is characterized in that: the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of rice husks, 30-40 parts of corncobs, 20-30 parts of rice bran, 10-20 parts of bran, 3-4 parts of dry bean dregs, 3-4 parts of brewer's grains, 5-6 parts of soybean hulls and 1-3 parts of shell powder.

2. The use of the novel chaff culture medium of claim 1 for the industrial cultivation of white flammulina velutipes, wherein: the water content of the culture medium is 67-69%, and the pH value is 6.2-6.8.

3. The use of the novel chaff culture medium of claim 1 for the industrial cultivation of white flammulina velutipes, wherein: the chaff is a compressed block, the water content is lower than 15%, and the pH value is 6-7.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom culture, in particular to application of a novel chaff culture medium in industrial cultivation of white flammulina velutipes.

Background

With the continuous progress of society and the continuous improvement of living standard of people, the attention degree of people on the pursuit of diet is higher and higher. The edible fungi, as a pollution-free and multi-nutrient food, has become an essential element in the dietary structure of people. The needle mushroom is one of various edible mushroom varieties, and is favored by people because of crisp and tender mouthfeel, delicious taste, smoothness, tenderness and palatability. Therefore, the development of flammulina velutipes enterprises is very rapid, in recent years, the number of the flammulina velutipes enterprises is continuously expanded, annual output is continuously increased, market competition is increasingly fierce, the price of corncobs used for cultivation of the flammulina velutipes is continuously increased, and finding out corncob substitutes with lower cost is an urgent work for each flammulina velutipes enterprise.

The rice husk is the outer layer of rice, is the largest amount of by-products in the rice processing process, is rich in a large amount of cellulose, lignin, silicon dioxide and other substances, has low fat, low protein and rough texture, and has the characteristics of good toughness, porosity, low density and the like. The comprehensive utilization of the chaff has been widely studied domestically and abroad for a long time, and a plurality of available ways are obtained. But can really form large-scale production, and has few utilization ways for consuming a large amount of chaff, or has insignificant economic benefit and little value added; or have some problems in the aspects of process, technology, quality, environmental pollution and the like. Therefore, the chaff is used as waste in many places, which not only wastes resources greatly and causes great economic loss, but also causes great pollution to the environment. The invention takes the rice husks as a novel needle mushroom cultivation raw material, changes waste into valuable, can replace corncobs used in the traditional needle mushroom cultivation by using the good water retention, lighter volume weight and low cost, and provides the application of the novel rice husk culture medium in the industrial cultivation of white needle mushrooms.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the application of a novel husk culture medium in the industrial cultivation of white flammulina velutipes, and solves the problems that the price of corncobs used for the cultivation of the flammulina velutipes is continuously increased, the corncob substitute with lower cost needs to be found out, and husks are used as waste in many places, so that the waste of resources is great, huge loss is caused economically, and the pollution to the environment is also caused.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the application of a novel chaff culture medium in the industrial cultivation of white flammulina velutipes is characterized in that the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of rice husks, 30-40 parts of corncobs, 20-30 parts of rice bran, 10-20 parts of bran, 3-4 parts of dry bean dregs, 3-4 parts of brewer's grains, 5-6 parts of soybean hulls and 1-3 parts of shell powder.

Preferably, the water content of the culture medium is 67-69%, and the pH value is 6.2-6.8.

Preferably, the chaff is a compressed block, the water content is lower than 15%, and the pH value is 6-7.

(III) advantageous effects

The invention provides application of a novel husk culture medium in industrial cultivation of white needle mushrooms, which has the following beneficial effects:

the invention uses the added chaff as partial raw material of the golden mushroom culture medium to replace partial corncobs, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the chaff is stored together with the main product in the early stage of processing, the storage condition is better, the processing technology is relatively stable, and the continuous and stable quality in the later stage can be ensured; the volume weight of the chaff is light, the support is good, the good culture medium structure can be ensured, the porosity ensures that the culture medium has strong air permeability, and the hypha elongation is facilitated; the chaff has lower nutrient content and slow decomposition, basically has no influence on the nutrient proportion of the culture medium, does not need to add chemical agents or disinfection products in the process of preparing the culture medium, can ensure the requirement of food safety, and can be used as partial fertilizer after the chaff is slowly decomposed; the method has the advantages that the source of the rice husks is wide, the yield is high, the price is stable, the acquisition and transportation cost and the later processing cost are relatively low compared with the raw materials used in the traditional needle mushroom cultivation, the purposes of effectively utilizing a large amount of rice husks, actively promoting the comprehensive utilization of the rice husks and reducing the cultivation cost of the needle mushrooms are achieved, the problem that the price of corncobs used in the needle mushroom cultivation is continuously increased, a corncob substitute with lower cost needs to be found out, and the rice husks are used as wastes in many places, so that the problems of great waste of resources, great economic loss and great environmental pollution are caused are solved.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a technical scheme that: the application of a novel chaff culture medium in the industrial cultivation of white flammulina velutipes is characterized in that the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of rice husks, 30-40 parts of corncobs, 20-30 parts of rice bran, 10-20 parts of bran, 3-4 parts of dried bean dregs, 3-4 parts of brewer's grains, 5-6 parts of soybean hulls and 1-3 parts of shell powder, wherein the rice husks are stored together with main products in the early processing period, the storage condition is better, the processing process is relatively stable, the continuous and stable quality in the later period can be ensured, the volume weight of the rice husks is lighter and about 114g, the support property is better, the better culture medium structure can be ensured, the air permeability is strong, the hyphae elongation is facilitated, the nutritional components of the rice husks are lower, the decomposition is slow, the nutritional proportion of a culture medium is basically not influenced, no chemical agent or disinfection product is required to be added in the process of preparing the culture medium, the food safety requirement can be ensured, the sources of the rice husks are relatively wide, compared with the raw materials used in the traditional needle mushroom cultivation at present, the price, however, the corn cob is about 750/ton, the production cost can be effectively reduced, and the application of the novel chaff culture medium in the industrial cultivation of edible fungi comprises the following steps:

s1, filling the novel chaff culture medium into a culture bottle, wherein the culture bottle is a polypropylene plastic culture bottle, sterilizing by high-pressure steam, and cooling to room temperature for later use.

S2, inoculating liquid strains into the cultivation bottles, wherein the inoculation amount of the liquid strains is 30-35 mL for each cultivation bottle, and culturing in a culture room at the temperature of 13-15 ℃ and the air humidity of 60-90% for 20-23 days.

S3, after the hyphae cultured in the step S2 overgrow the cultivation bottle, performing mycelium stimulation treatment, removing old hyphae on the material surface, forming mechanical stimulation, then moving the cultivation bottle to a growing room for bud promotion, wherein the bud promotion conditions are as follows: the temperature of room temperature is 15-16 ℃, the air humidity is 85% -95%, the carbon dioxide concentration is within the range of 3000-4000 ppm, and mushroom buds are covered on the surface of the material after 4-6 days.

S4, after the bud forcing is finished, performing photoinhibition and wind suppression on mushroom buds, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide to be 3000-20000 ppm, performing gradient cooling to 4-5 ℃, wherein the gradient cooling is performed at a cooling rate of 2-4 ℃ every day, the illumination intensity of photoinhibition is 100lx, the blowing rate of wind suppression is 1-3 m/S, and the wind volume is 150m³And h, growing mushroom buds into mushroom buds.

And S5, when mushroom buds grow out of the bottle mouth in the step S4, the concentration of carbon dioxide is increased to more than 10000ppm, and the elongation of the stipe of the needle mushroom is promoted.

And S6, when the needle mushrooms grow to 15-16 cm, the needle mushrooms reach the harvesting height, and harvesting.

The method can be used for collecting the mushroom stems after 4-6 days, the material surface can be full of mushroom buds after 10-12 days, the mushroom buds can grow to the mouth of a cultivation bottle, the bottle mouth is wrapped with mushroom pieces after 16-17 days, the elongation of the mushroom stems is promoted, and the mushroom stems can be collected after about 26-28 days.