阅读说明：本技术 一种桑黄的栽培方法 (Phellinus igniarius cultivation method ) 是由 郭红伟 马伟 陈凯 于 2019-09-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本公开涉及一种桑黄的栽培方法,该方法包括以下步骤：(1)栽培种的培养；(2)出菇培养；(3)采收；(4)再次采收：将步骤(3)中采摘之后的菌包做补充液开口,补充液开口处连接补充液,然后按照步骤(2)的条件继续进行培养,与步骤(2)不同的是：增加通风次数,子实体成熟后进行采摘；如此反复进行2～3次。该方法能够缩短桑黄生产周期、降低污染率和提高子实体产量。(The present disclosure relates to a method for cultivating phellinus igniarius, which includes the steps of: (1) culturing the cultivated species; (2) fruiting and culturing; (3) harvesting; (4) and (4) harvesting again: and (3) making a supplement liquid opening for the fungus bag picked in the step (3), connecting a supplement liquid to the supplement liquid opening, and then continuing culturing according to the conditions in the step (2), wherein the difference from the step (2) is as follows: increasing ventilation times, and picking after the sporocarps are mature; this is repeated for 2-3 times. The method can shorten Phellinus linteus production cycle, reduce pollution rate and increase fruiting body yield.)

1. A cultivation method of Phellinus igniarius is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) cultivation of cultivars: filling the culture medium of the cultivated species into a fungus bag, inoculating the stock species, carrying out dark culture, and ending fungus growing when the fungus bag is full of the strains;

wherein the culture medium of the cultivar consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-25% of soybean straw, 20-25% of corncob, 3-5% of cane sugar, 2-3% of gypsum, 0.5-1% of cinnamon waste and the balance of mulberry sawdust; adding water to make the water content of the culture medium be 60-70 w/w%;

(2) fruiting and culturing:

continuing dark culture after spawn running is finished, opening openings at two sides of the fungus bag after hyphae in the fungus bag are completely changed into dark yellow from light yellow, and controlling the environment condition of fruiting;

(3) harvesting: picking up fruiting bodies at the base parts of the stalks after the fruiting bodies are mature, and then drying and storing the picked fruiting bodies;

(4) and (4) harvesting again: and (3) making a supplement liquid opening for the fungus bag picked in the step (3), connecting a supplement liquid to the supplement liquid opening, and then continuing culturing according to the conditions in the step (2), wherein the difference from the step (2) is as follows: increasing ventilation times, and picking after the sporocarps are mature; repeating the above steps for 2-3 times;

wherein the supplementary liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 2.5-5 g/L of peptone, 5-10 g/L of glucose, 0.1-1 g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-1 g/L of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-1 g/L of zinc sulfate, 0.1-1 g/L of calcium sulfate and natural pH.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), said stock is prepared by a process comprising the steps of:

A. activating the parent strain:

inoculating the mother seeds to a PDA comprehensive culture medium for activation, and carrying out dark culture at a constant temperature of 25-28 ℃ for 8-12 days;

B. stock culture:

putting the stock culture medium into a strain bag, sealing, sterilizing, inoculating the activated strain to the stock culture medium, performing dark culture at a constant temperature of 25-28 ℃, growing the strain in the strain bag after 25-40 days, and refrigerating the strain bag at 4 ℃ for later use or immediately using;

further, the stock culture medium is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-25% of soybean straw, 20-25% of corncob, 2-3% of gypsum, 4-6% of glucose, 0.4-0.6% of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.4-0.6% of magnesium sulfate and the balance of mulberry sawdust; adding water to make the water content of the culture medium be 55-65 w/w%.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dark culture temperature in step (1) is 25 to 28 ℃ and the culture time is 28 to 35 days.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the environmental conditions for fruiting are as follows: the day temperature is 28-32 ℃, the night temperature is 22-26 ℃, the temperature difference is 5-6 ℃, the humidity is 85-95%, the light is scattered and irradiated, and the ventilation is carried out twice a day for 0.5-1 h each time.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the fruit body is dried preferably to have a water content of 1 to 3 (w/w)% in the fruit body.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), 400-500 mL of the supplement liquid is dripped per month per fungus pack.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), different from the step (2), there are: the number of ventilation increases from two to four times a day.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), the makeup solution is prepared using distilled water.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the material of the fungus sack is polyethylene or polypropylene.

10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein 1.0-1.2 g of seed is used per 100g of cultivation material.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a cultivation method of phellinus igniarius, which belongs to the cultivation of fungus organisms.

Background

The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the disclosure and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

Phellinus genus is Basidiomycetes, Polyporales, Polyporaceae, Phellinus genus (Phellinus), and is also called Morriscus, Tree chicken, Hoffonia simplicifolia, Phellinus linteus, Phellinus igniarius, Phellinus linteus, and Prunus mume. Modern medical research finds that phellinus igniarius has various pharmacological actions and has obvious curative effects in the aspects of antibiosis, immunoregulation, sweat gland secretion inhibition, tumor resistance, fibrosis resistance, inflammation diminishing, pain relieving, oxidation resistance and the like.

Modern researches have found that phellinus linteus contains polysaccharides, fatty acids, agaric acid, triterpenes, fusel alcohols, aromatic acids, amino acids, enzymes, flavones and polyphenols and other active ingredients, as well as iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium and other trace elements. These substances have effects of preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, kidney diseases, nervous system diseases, etc., and have high medicinal value.

The types of Phellinus igniarius are various and comprise Phellinus baumii, Phellinus linteus, Phellinus igniarius, etc., wherein Phellinus igniarius (Phellinus igniarius) is one of Phellinus igniarius found to be high in medicinal value at present, but hyphae and fruiting bodies grow slowly, so that large-scale production and application of Phellinus igniarius are limited. For example, patent CN 108264390 a discloses a method for industrially cultivating phellinus linteus fruiting bodies, which requires inoculation for 6 months to pick the fruiting bodies, has a long cultivation period, and requires relatively expensive grain seeds as the main raw material of the cultivation medium; in addition, grain seeds are adopted as culture mediums, so that the grain seeds can grow and develop, the nutrition loss is very large, and the harvesting of fruit bodies for two times, three times and the like is not facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the background technologies, the present disclosure provides a cultivation method of Phellinus igniarius, which has a short production period, a low pollution rate, a low cost of culture medium raw materials of cultivars, and a high yield of fruit bodies.

Specifically, the following technical scheme is adopted in the disclosure:

the present disclosure provides a cultivation method of Phellinus igniarius, which comprises the following steps:

(1) cultivation of cultivars: filling the culture medium of the cultivated species into a fungus bag, inoculating the stock species, carrying out dark culture, and ending fungus growing when the fungus bag is full of the strains;

wherein the culture medium of the cultivar consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-25% of soybean straw, 20-25% of corncob, 3-5% of cane sugar, 2-3% of gypsum, 0.5-1% of cinnamon waste and the balance of mulberry sawdust; adding water to make the water content of the culture medium be 60-70 w/w%;

(2) fruiting and culturing:

continuing dark culture after spawn running is finished, opening openings at two sides of the fungus bag after hyphae in the fungus bag are completely changed into dark yellow from light yellow, and controlling the environment condition of fruiting;

(3) harvesting: picking up fruiting bodies at the base parts of the stalks after the fruiting bodies are mature, and then drying and storing the picked fruiting bodies;

(4) and (4) harvesting again: and (3) performing opening treatment on the fungus bags picked in the step (3) by using a supplementing liquid, connecting the supplementing liquid to the opening of the supplementing liquid, and then continuing culturing according to the step (2), wherein the difference from the step (2) is as follows: increasing ventilation times, and picking after the sporocarps are mature; repeating the above steps for 2-3 times;

wherein the supplementary liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 2.5-5 g/L of peptone, 5-10 g/L of glucose, 0.1-1 g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-1 g/L of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-1 g/L of zinc sulfate, 0.1-1 g/L of calcium sulfate and natural pH.

Compared with the related technology known by the inventor, one technical scheme of the present disclosure has the following beneficial effects:

(1) aiming at Phellinus igniarius, the inventor obtains the Phellinus igniarius cultivation method with short Phellinus igniarius production period, low pollution rate and high fruiting body yield through keen research.

(2) The cultivation method of Phellinus igniarius disclosed by the invention is high in production efficiency, the fungus bag can be reused, and three or four crops of sporocarp with the same weight can be obtained.

(3) The cultivation method of Phellinus igniarius disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the used raw materials of the culture medium are low in cost, and the large-scale production and application are facilitated.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

As described in the background art, the current artificial cultivation method of Phellinus igniarius (Phellinus igniarius) Phellinus igniarius is not ideal, and in order to solve the above technical problems, in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a cultivation method of Phellinus igniarius, which includes the steps of:

(1) cultivation of cultivars: filling the culture medium of the cultivated species into a fungus bag, inoculating the stock species, carrying out dark culture, and ending fungus growing when the fungus bag is full of the strains;

wherein the culture medium of the cultivar consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-25% of soybean straw, 20-25% of corncob, 3-5% of cane sugar, 2-3% of gypsum, 0.5-1% of cinnamon waste and the balance of mulberry sawdust; adding water to make the water content of the culture medium be 60-70 w/w%.

(2) Fruiting and culturing:

and (3) continuing dark culture after spawn running is finished, opening two sides of the fungus bag after hyphae in the fungus bag are completely changed from light yellow to dark yellow, and controlling the fruiting environmental conditions: the day temperature is 28-32 ℃, the night temperature is 22-26 ℃, the temperature difference is 5-6 ℃, the humidity is 85-95%, scattered light is irradiated, and ventilation is carried out twice a day for 0.5-1 h each time;

(3) harvesting: picking up fruiting bodies at the base parts of the stalks after the fruiting bodies are mature, and then drying and storing the picked fruiting bodies;

(4) and (4) harvesting again: opening the fungus bag picked in the step (3), connecting a supplementing liquid to the opening, then continuing culturing according to the culture conditions in the step (2) (different from the step (2), increasing the ventilation frequency from two times per day to four times), and picking after the fruiting body is mature; repeating the above steps for 2-3 times;

wherein the supplementary liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 1.5-3 g/L of peptone, 4-6 g/L of glucose, 0.1-1 g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-1 g/L of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-1 g/L of zinc sulfate, 0.1-1 g/L of calcium sulfate and natural pH.

In the step (1), the stock is prepared by the following method:

A. activating the parent strain:

inoculating the mother seeds to a PDA comprehensive culture medium for activation, and carrying out dark culture at a constant temperature of 25-28 ℃ for 8-12 days;

the PDA comprehensive culture medium comprises: 200g of potato (peeled), 20g of glucose, 3g of monopotassium phosphate, 1.5g of magnesium sulfate, 18 g of vitamin B, 20g of agar and 1000mL of water, wherein the pH value is natural;

B. stock culture:

putting the stock culture medium into a strain bag, sealing, sterilizing at high pressure, inoculating the activated strain into the stock culture medium, performing dark culture at a constant temperature of 25-28 ℃, growing the strain in the strain bag after 25-40 days, and refrigerating the strain bag full of the strain (namely the stock) at 4 ℃ for standby or immediate use.

The method aims to screen and optimize the formula of the stock culture medium, and the stock culture medium obtained in a short time is thick in hypha, and is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass through a large number of tests: 20-25% of soybean straw, 20-25% of corncob, 2-3% of gypsum, 4-6% of glucose, 0.4-0.6% of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.4-0.6% of magnesium sulfate and the balance of mulberry sawdust. Adding water to make the water content of the culture medium be 55-65 w/w%.

In the step (1), in the culture medium of the cultivar, the cinnamon waste refers to cinnamon residue, cinnamon leaves and other waste generated after the production of cinnamon oil. Tests prove that the pollution rate of fungus sacks and phellinus igniarius sporocarp can be effectively reduced by adding a small amount of cinnamon waste into the culture medium. The using amount of the compound is 0.5-1%, and the compound contains aromatic oil substances and terpenoids, has a certain inhibiting effect on the growth of phellinus igniarius hyphae, so the content is not suitable to be high.

The cooperation of the mulberry sawdust, the soybean straw and the corncob can keep the proper carbon-nitrogen ratio for the growth of the phellinus igniarius sporocarp, prevent the growth of hypha without limitation, advance the fruiting period, meet the requirement of rapid growth of phellinus igniarius, and ensure that the fungus bag at the later stage of the culture medium adopting the formula is not easy to shrink, so that the phellinus igniarius sporocarp can be cultured and harvested for many times. The granularity of solid matters (mulberry sawdust, soybean straws, corncobs and cinnamon waste) in the culture medium is 0.1-2 cm. Tests prove that the culture medium of the cultivar can obviously reduce the pollution rate of fungus bags and phellinus igniarius sporocarp under the condition of providing sufficient nutrient precursors for phellinus igniarius.

In the step (1), the dark culture temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the culture time is 28-35 days.

The inventor researches the influence of environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and illumination on the growth of the phellinus igniarius sporocarp, and tests show that the specific day-night temperature difference is more beneficial to the rapid growth of the phellinus igniarius sporocarp. Therefore, in the step (2), the environmental conditions for fruiting are selected as follows: the day temperature (6: 00-18: 00) is 28-32 ℃, the night temperature (18: 00-6: 00 in the next day) is 22-26 ℃, the temperature difference is 5-6 ℃, the humidity is 85-95%, the light is scattered and irradiated, and the ventilation is carried out twice a day for 0.5-1 h each time.

In the step (3), drying treatment is carried out until the water content in the fruit body is 1-3 (w/w)%.

In the step (4), tests prove that 400-500 mL of supplement liquid is dripped into each fungus bag every month, so that the growth and development of sporocarp can be effectively promoted, and the growth period is shortened. During dripping, the dripping speed should be strictly controlled, which cannot be too fast, so as to prevent the water content of the culture medium of the cultivated species from being larger.

In the step (4), the supplementary liquid is prepared by using distilled water.

In order to produce the sporocarp with high efficiency, the method for culturing and harvesting the sporocarp for multiple times is adopted in the present disclosure, but in the experimental research process, the inventor finds that when the sporocarp is harvested for the first time and is not added with any nutrition, the growth cycle of the sporocarp is prolonged, the growth vigor is poor, and the quality is low when the sporocarp is harvested for the second time. Meanwhile, the ventilation frequency is increased, so that the water content of the culture medium of the cultivated species is kept at a specific level, and excessive water is prevented from inhibiting hypha from absorbing nutrition, thereby preventing nutrition from being transmitted to the sporocarp. In addition, if nutrition is added in an additional opening, the risk of infecting mixed bacteria is increased, therefore, cinnamon waste is added into a culture medium of a cultivated species, and the probability of pollution of fungus bags and fruiting bodies is greatly reduced.

Secondly, the inventor screens and optimizes the raw material components and the content of the supplementary liquid, and the finally obtained formula is as follows: 1.5-3 g/L of peptone, 4-6 g/L of glucose, 0.1-1 g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-1 g/L of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-1 g/L of zinc sulfate, 0.1-1 g/L of calcium sulfate and natural pH. The peptone is a mixture containing various nutrients such as peptone, peptide and amino acid, and is more beneficial to the utilization and absorption of phellinus linteus hyphae compared with other nitrogen sources through experimental verification. The addition of glucose to the supplement solution can improve energy and promote the rapid growth of Phellinus linteus fruiting body. Phosphorus ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions, zinc ions and calcium ions are involved in the composition of some enzyme proteins in the phellinus igniarius, and are essential in the growth process of the phellinus igniarius.

The phellinus igniarius culture vessel according to the present disclosure uses a fungus bag, and the material of the fungus bag may be polyethylene or polypropylene.

The inoculation procedure referred to in this disclosure should be strictly performed aseptically to prevent contamination.

Regarding the inoculation amount related to the present disclosure, 1.0-1.2 g of the culture medium seeds with each 100g of the culture medium are used, if the inoculation amount is small, the entering mixed bacteria can be rapidly propagated in the culture medium, the inoculation operation is a conventional operation in the field, and no special description is provided here.

In order to make the technical solutions of the present disclosure more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

Unless otherwise specified, the following test materials and test methods were used in the following examples.

Test materials:

(1) the strain source is as follows: the species Phellinus linteus used in this disclosure is Phellinus igniarius, No. BNCC231138, stored on PDA slant medium, which is available through conventional commercial routes.

(2) Stock activation medium (PDA integrated medium): 200g of potato (peeled), 20g of glucose, 3g of monopotassium phosphate, 1.5g of magnesium sulfate, 18 g of vitamin B, 20g of agar and 1000mL of water, and the pH value is natural. The culture medium is mainly used for strain activation.

(3) The stock culture medium is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20% of soybean straw, 20% of corncob, 2% of gypsum, 4% of glucose, 0.6% of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.6% of magnesium sulfate and the balance of mulberry sawdust. Adding water to make the water content of the culture medium 60%.

(4) The culture medium for the cultivars comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20% of soybean straw, 20% of corncob, 4% of sucrose, 2% of gypsum, 0.5% of cinnamon waste and the balance of mulberry sawdust. Adding water to make the water content of the culture medium 60%.

(5) The supplementary liquid consists of the following raw materials: peptone 2g/L, glucose 6g/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.2g/L, zinc sulfate 0.2g/L, calcium sulfate 0.2g/L, and pH is natural.