阅读说明：本技术 轴加工工装与轴加工方法 (Shaft machining tool and shaft machining method ) 是由 艾龙超 张辉 艾燎原 黎园 谢雄峰 于 2019-08-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种轴加工工装与轴加工方法,属于机械加工领域。基准块通过圆形孔同轴套在待加工轴上,压紧结构将基准块与待加工轴固定。基准块上的基准面为定位基准,加工刀在加工待加工轴时,加工刀的进刀方向垂直基准面并在第一平面上。加工刀以此方向作为定位标准先在待加工轴上加工出一个槽结构,加工刀退回至进刀位置。再控制待加工轴转动基准间隔角度的角度,基准间隔角度为相邻的两个基准面上的上的第一平面之间的夹角,在待加工轴上重复加工刀加工(n-1)个槽结构。基准间隔角度即为理想间隔角度,得到的两个槽结构之间的实际间隔角度最大程度地接近了理想间隔角度,减小了相邻的槽结构之间的实际间隔角度与理想间隔角度的差距。(The invention discloses a shaft machining tool and a shaft machining method, and belongs to the field of machining. The benchmark piece is through the coaxial cover of circular port on treating the processing axle, and compact structure is fixed benchmark piece and the axle of treating processing. The reference surface on the reference block is a positioning reference, and when the machining tool machines the shaft to be machined, the feeding direction of the machining tool is perpendicular to the reference surface and is on the first plane. The machining cutter takes the direction as a positioning standard to machine a groove structure on the shaft to be machined, and the machining cutter retracts to a cutter feeding position. And then controlling the angle of the rotating reference interval angle of the shaft to be processed, wherein the reference interval angle is an included angle between first planes on two adjacent reference planes, and repeatedly processing (n-1) groove structures on the shaft to be processed by the processing cutter. The reference interval angle is an ideal interval angle, the obtained actual interval angle between the two groove structures is close to the ideal interval angle to the maximum extent, and the difference between the actual interval angle and the ideal interval angle between the adjacent groove structures is reduced.)

1. The shaft machining tool is characterized by comprising a reference block (1) and a pressing structure (2), wherein the reference block (1) is cylindrical, a circular hole (11) is coaxially formed in the reference block (1),

the side wall of the reference block (1) is provided with n reference surfaces (12), wherein n is an integer and is more than or equal to 2, each reference surface (12) is parallel to the axis (11a) of the circular hole (11), the plane where the symmetry line of each reference surface (12) in the axial direction of the circular hole (11) and the axis (11a) of the circular hole (11) are located is a first plane (3), the included angle between the first planes (3) on every two adjacent reference surfaces (12) is a reference interval angle theta,

the pressing structure (2) is used for fixing the reference block (1) on a shaft (10) to be processed.

2. The shaft machining tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the compression structure (2) comprises k compression screws (21), wherein k is an integer, k is greater than or equal to 3 and k is greater than or equal to n, the k compression screws (21) are connected to the reference block (1) through threads along the circumferential direction of the reference block (1), one ends of the k compression screws (21) are used for abutting against the shaft (10) to be machined, and the axes of n compression screws (21) in the k compression screws (21) are located on the first planes (3) on the n reference planes (12) one by one.

3. The shaft machining tool according to claim 2, characterized by further comprising k gaskets (4) corresponding to the k compression screws (21) one by one, wherein the k gaskets (4) are arranged on the outer wall of the shaft (10) to be machined, and the k gaskets (4) are used for abutting against the other ends of the k compression screws (21).

4. The shaft machining tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the diameter (D) of the circular hole (11) is 0.04 to 0.06mm larger than the diameter (D) of the shaft (10) to be machined.

5. The shaft machining tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the parallelism of the reference surface (12) and the axis (11a) of the circular hole (11) is less than 0.02.

6. The shaft machining tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the surface roughness of the hole wall of the circular hole (11) and the surface roughness of the n reference surfaces (12) are both Ra3.2.

7. A shaft machining method, characterized in that the shaft machining method is implemented using the shaft machining tool as set forth in claim 1, and the shaft machining method includes:

providing a shaft to be processed;

coaxially sleeving the reference block on the shaft to be processed through a circular hole;

fixing the reference block on the shaft to be processed by using a pressing structure;

controlling a machining cutter to feed in a direction vertical to a reference surface of the reference block, and machining a groove structure on the shaft to be machined, wherein the feeding direction of the machining cutter is on a first plane on the reference surface;

the processing cutter returns to the cutter feeding position after processing a groove structure;

controlling the shaft to be processed to rotate for (n-1) times, wherein the shaft to be processed rotates for an angle of a reference interval angle every time the shaft to be processed rotates once, controlling the processing cutter to complete (n-1) times of groove structure processing and (n-1) times of retraction to a cutter feeding position,

the step of controlling the machining cutter to complete (n-1) times of groove structure machining and (n-1) times of retraction to the cutter feeding position comprises the following steps:

controlling the machining cutter to feed in a direction vertical to one reference surface every time, and machining a groove structure on the shaft to be machined, wherein the feeding direction of the machining cutter is on the first plane;

and controlling the machining cutter to retract to a cutter feeding position.

8. The shaft machining method according to claim 7, wherein a minimum distance between a feed position of the machining tool and the reference block is greater than 30 mm.

9. The shaft machining method according to claim 8, further comprising:

after the reference block is fixed on the shaft to be processed by using the pressing structure, a processing cutter is controlled to be in front of the cutter in the direction vertical to one reference surface of the reference block,

and rotating the shaft to be processed to enable a reference surface on the reference block to be parallel to the horizontal plane.

10. The shaft processing method according to claim 9, wherein said making one reference surface on the reference block parallel to the horizontal plane includes:

and checking that the jumping value of the reference surface on the horizontal plane does not exceed 0.07mm by using a dial indicator.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of machining, in particular to a shaft machining tool and a shaft machining method.

Background

A shaft is a common mechanical transmission structure, and one or more groove structures are usually machined on the shaft in order to realize the matching with other structures. Some groove structures on the shaft are distributed along the circumferential direction of the shaft, and at the moment, the actual interval angle between the groove structures distributed along the circumferential direction of the shaft needs to be ensured to be the ideal interval angle so as to ensure the normal matching between the shaft and other structures.

When the existing machine tool is used for machining the shaft structure, the size of the machined groove structure on the shaft is usually used as a reference, and the parameters of the machine tool are adjusted to machine the next groove structure, so that the actual interval angle among a plurality of groove structures is ensured to be accurate. However, in this machining method, the machined groove structure is too small in size, and the size of the groove structure detected by the machine tool is not accurate enough, so that the difference between the actual spacing angle and the ideal spacing angle between the plurality of groove structures on the obtained shaft is large.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a shaft machining tool and a shaft machining method, which can reduce the difference between an actual interval angle and an ideal interval angle. The technical scheme is as follows:

the embodiment of the invention provides a shaft processing tool, which comprises a reference block and a pressing structure, wherein the reference block is cylindrical, a circular hole is coaxially formed in the reference block,

the side wall of the reference block is provided with n reference surfaces, wherein n is an integer and is more than or equal to 2, each reference surface is parallel to the axis of the circular hole, the plane of the axial symmetry line of each reference surface on the circular hole and the axis of the circular hole is a first plane, the included angle between the first planes on every two adjacent reference surfaces is a reference interval angle,

the pressing structure is used for fixing the reference block on the shaft to be processed.

Optionally, the compression structure comprises k compression screws, wherein k is an integer, k is greater than or equal to 3, k is greater than or equal to n, the k compression screws are in threaded connection with the reference block along the circumferential direction of the reference block, one ends of the k compression screws are used for abutting against the shaft to be machined, and the axes of n compression screws in the k compression screws are located on the first planes of the n reference surfaces one by one.

Optionally, the shaft machining tool further comprises k gaskets in one-to-one correspondence with the k compression screws, the k gaskets are arranged on the outer wall of the shaft to be machined, and the k gaskets are used for abutting against the other ends of the k compression screws.

Optionally, the diameter of the circular hole is 0.04-0.06 mm larger than the diameter of the shaft to be processed.

Optionally, the reference surface is less than 0.02 parallel to the axis of the circular hole.

Optionally, the surface roughness of the hole wall of the circular hole and the surface roughness of the n reference surfaces are both ra 3.2.

The embodiment of the invention provides a shaft processing method, which is realized by adopting the shaft processing tool in the previous step, and comprises the following steps:

providing a shaft to be processed;

coaxially sleeving the reference block on the shaft to be processed through a circular hole;

fixing the reference block on the shaft to be processed by using a pressing structure;

controlling a machining cutter to feed in a direction vertical to a reference surface of the reference block, and machining a groove structure on the shaft to be machined, wherein the feeding direction of the machining cutter is on a first plane on the reference surface;

the processing cutter returns to the cutter feeding position after processing a groove structure;

controlling the shaft to be processed to rotate for (n-1) times, wherein the shaft to be processed rotates for an angle of a reference interval angle every time the shaft to be processed rotates once, controlling the processing cutter to complete (n-1) times of groove structure processing and (n-1) times of retraction to a cutter feeding position,

the step of controlling the machining cutter to complete (n-1) times of groove structure machining and (n-1) times of retraction to the cutter feeding position comprises the following steps:

controlling the machining cutter to feed in a direction vertical to one reference surface every time, and machining a groove structure on the shaft to be machined, wherein the feeding direction of the machining cutter is on the first plane;

and controlling the machining cutter to retract to a cutter feeding position.

Optionally, the minimum distance between the feed position of the machining tool and the reference block is greater than 30 mm.

Optionally, the shaft machining method further includes:

after the reference block is fixed on the shaft to be processed by using the pressing structure, a processing cutter is controlled to be in front of the cutter in the direction vertical to one reference surface of the reference block,

and rotating the shaft to be processed to enable a reference surface on the reference block to be parallel to the horizontal plane.

Optionally, the making one reference surface on the reference block parallel to the horizontal plane includes:

and checking that the jumping value of the reference surface on the horizontal plane does not exceed 0.07mm by using a dial indicator.

The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: when n groove structures are processed for a shaft to be processed, the reference block can be coaxially sleeved on the shaft to be processed through a circular hole, and then the reference block is fixed on the shaft to be processed through the pressing structure. A plurality of datum planes on the datum block can be used as positioning datum, when the machining cutter is used for machining a groove structure on a shaft to be machined, the feeding direction of the machining cutter can be perpendicular to the datum planes and on a first plane, and the first plane is a plane where a symmetry line of the datum plane in the axial direction of the circular hole and an axis of the circular hole are located. The machining cutter takes the direction as a positioning standard to machine a groove structure on a shaft to be machined. And after a groove structure is machined, the machining cutter is retracted to a cutter feeding position. And controlling the shaft to be machined to rotate by the angle of (n-1) reference interval angles in sequence, wherein the reference interval angles are included angles between first planes on two adjacent reference planes, and repeating the steps of machining the first groove structure by the machining tool after rotating the shaft to be machined once every time to obtain the shaft with a plurality of groove structures. Because the reference spacing angle between the first planes on the two reference planes on the reference block is the ideal spacing angle, the machining direction of the machining cutter is on the first plane every time, the obtained actual spacing angle between the two groove structures is close to the ideal spacing angle to the maximum extent, and the difference between the actual spacing angle and the ideal spacing angle between the adjacent groove structures is reduced.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below,

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a shaft machining tool provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view of a shaft machining tool provided by an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of a use state of a shaft machining tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a side view of a use state of the shaft machining tool provided by the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method of machining a shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a flow chart of another shaft processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a shaft machining tool according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a side view of the shaft machining tool according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the shaft machining tool according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a reference block 1 and a pressing structure 2, the reference block 1 is cylindrical, and a circular hole 11 is coaxially formed in the reference block 1.

The side wall of the reference block 1 is provided with n reference surfaces 12, wherein n is an integer and is greater than or equal to 2, each reference surface 12 is parallel to the axis 11a of the circular hole 11, the plane where the symmetry line of each reference surface 12 in the axial direction of the circular hole 11 and the axis 11a of the circular hole 11 are located is a first plane 3, and the included angle between the first planes 3 on every two adjacent reference surfaces 12 is a reference spacing angle theta.

The pressing structure 2 is used for fixing the reference block 1 on the shaft to be processed.

When n groove structures need to be machined for a shaft to be machined, the reference block 1 can be coaxially sleeved on the shaft to be machined through the circular hole 11, and then the reference block 1 is fixed on the shaft to be machined through the pressing structure 2. The plurality of reference surfaces 12 on the reference block 1 can be used as positioning references, when the machining tool machines the groove structure on the shaft to be machined, the feeding direction of the machining tool can be perpendicular to the reference surfaces 12 and on the first plane 3, and the first plane 3 is a plane where a symmetry line of the reference surfaces 12 in the axial direction of the circular hole 11 and the axis 11a of the circular hole 11 are located. The machining cutter takes the direction as a positioning standard to machine a groove structure on a shaft to be machined. And after a groove structure is machined, the machining cutter is retracted to a cutter feeding position. And controlling the shaft to be machined to rotate by (n-1) degrees of reference interval angle theta in sequence, wherein the reference interval angle theta is an included angle between the first planes 3 on the two adjacent reference surfaces 12, and repeating the steps when the machining tool machines the first groove structure every time the shaft to be machined rotates once to obtain the shaft with a plurality of groove structures. Because the reference spacing angle theta between the first planes 3 on the two reference surfaces 12 on the reference block 1 is the ideal spacing angle, the machining direction of the machining cutter is on the first plane 3 every time, so that the obtained actual spacing angle between the two groove structures is close to the ideal spacing angle to the maximum extent, and the difference between the actual spacing angle and the ideal spacing angle between the adjacent groove structures is reduced.

As shown in fig. 1, the compression structure 2 includes k compression screws 21, where k is an integer, k is greater than or equal to 3 and k is greater than or equal to n, the k compression screws 21 are screwed on the reference block 1 along the circumferential direction of the reference block 1, one ends of the k compression screws 21 are all used for abutting against a shaft to be processed, and the axes of n compression screws 21 in the k compression screws 21 are located on the first plane 3 on the n reference planes 12 one by one.

The compression structure 2 comprises k compression screws 21, the k compression screws 21 are in threaded connection with the reference block 1, and the compression screws 21 on the reference block 1 can be rotated to enable the compression screws 21 to be abutted to the outer wall of the shaft to be machined, so that the reference block 1 can be fixed on the shaft to be machined. On the other hand, the number of the compression screws 21 is larger than or equal to the number of the reference surfaces 12, so that the reference block 1 can be more stably fixed on the shaft to be machined. And the axes of n compression screws 21 in the k compression screws 21 are located on the first planes 3 on the n reference planes 12 one by one, so that when the shaft to be processed is processed, the acting force on the shaft to be processed and the reference block 1 is located near the first planes 3, and the acting force directly acts on the compression screws 21 whose axes are located on the first planes 3, thereby avoiding the situation that the position of the shaft to be processed or the reference block 1 deviates due to the acting force acting on other positions of the shaft to be processed.

It should be noted that, in fig. 1, only two reference surfaces 12 are shown on the reference block 1, and are used for a shaft to be machined, which needs to be machined with two groove structures, but in other embodiments provided by the present invention, the reference surfaces 12 on the reference block 1 may also be set to be 3, 5, or 6, and the present invention is not limited to this.

In contrast, the number of compression screws 21 can now be 3, wherein the axes of two compression screws 21 each lie in the first plane 3 of two reference planes 12.

In other embodiments provided by the present invention, the number of the compression screws 21 may also be 5, 6 or 8, which is not limited by the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, without the compression screw 21 corresponding to the first plane 3, a counter bore 13 may be additionally provided on the reference block 1, so as to avoid the compression screw 21 from being located in the counter bore 13 and being screwed with the reference block 1.

This structure can reduce the influence of the set screw 21 on the position adjustment of the spindle.

As shown in fig. 1, the shaft machining tool further includes k spacers 4 corresponding to the k compression screws 21 one to one, the k spacers 4 are arranged on the outer wall of the shaft to be machined, and the k spacers 4 are used to abut against the other ends of the k compression screws 21.

The increase of the gasket can provide friction force between the compression screw 21 and the shaft to be processed, and the effect of fixing the shaft to be processed by the compression screw 21 is improved.

Alternatively, the parallelism of the reference surface 12 and the axis 11a of the circular hole 11 may be less than 0.02.

The arrangement can ensure that the error is smaller when the shaft to be processed is processed.

Alternatively, the surface roughness of the hole wall of the circular hole 11 and the surface roughness of the n reference surfaces 12 are each ra 3.2.

When the surface roughness of the hole wall of the circular hole 11 and the surface roughness of the n reference surfaces 12 are all ra3.2, the surface roughness of the hole wall of the circular hole 11 and the surface roughness of the n reference surfaces 12 are small, the surface precision of the hole wall of the circular hole 11 and the surface precision of the n reference surfaces 12 are high, the effect as a machining reference is good, and the relative position precision among the obtained groove structures is also high.

The surface accuracy of the two end faces 13 of the reference block 1 may also be ra 3.2.

The positioning accuracy of the groove structure in the axial direction of the shaft to be machined can be improved.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view illustrating a use state of a shaft machining tool according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 4 is a side view illustrating the use state of the shaft machining tool according to the embodiment of the present invention, and with reference to fig. 3 and 4, a diameter D of the circular hole 11 may be 0.04 to 0.06mm larger than a diameter D of the shaft 10 to be machined.

This arrangement can facilitate the assembly of the shaft 10 to be machined without greatly affecting the machining accuracy between the groove structures.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, two groove structures 10a have been machined on the shaft 10 to be machined.

Alternatively, the length a of the reference block 1 in the axial direction is smaller than the length B of the shaft to be machined 10 in the axial direction.

At this time, the reference block 1 is cylindrical, and the circular hole 11 for placing the shaft 10 to be processed on the reference block 1 and the reference block 1 are also coaxially arranged, so the end surface 14 of the reference block 1 can also be used as a positioning surface, when actually processing the groove structure on the shaft 10 to be processed, the distance between the processing cutter and one end surface 14 of the reference block 1 can be set to be a certain value, the distances between the plurality of groove structures processed in this way and one end surface 14 of the reference block 1 are all constant, and the relative position accuracy of the plurality of groove structures in the axial direction of the shaft 10 to be processed can also be improved.

Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a shaft processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the shaft processing method is implemented by using the shaft processing tool, and as shown in fig. 5, the shaft processing method includes:

s101: providing a shaft to be processed.

S102: and coaxially sleeving the reference block on the shaft to be processed through the circular hole.

S103: and fixing the reference block on the shaft to be processed by using a pressing structure.

S104: and controlling the machining cutter to feed in a direction vertical to one reference surface of the reference block, and machining a groove structure on the shaft to be machined, wherein the feeding direction of the machining cutter is on a first plane on the reference surface.

The processing cutter returns to the cutter feeding position after processing a groove structure.

S105: controlling the shaft to be processed to rotate for (n-1) times, wherein the shaft to be processed rotates for one reference angle at intervals when the shaft to be processed rotates once, controlling the processing cutter to complete (n-1) times of groove structure processing and (n-1) times of retraction to the cutter feeding position,

controlling the machining cutter to complete (n-1) times of groove structure machining and (n-1) times of retraction to the cutter feeding position, comprising:

and controlling the machining cutter to feed in the direction vertical to one reference surface every time, machining a groove structure on the shaft to be machined, controlling the feeding direction of the machining cutter to be on the first plane, and controlling the machining cutter to return to the cutter feeding position.

When n groove structures are processed for a shaft to be processed, the reference block can be coaxially sleeved on the shaft to be processed through a circular hole, and then the reference block is fixed on the shaft to be processed through the pressing structure. A plurality of datum planes on the datum block can be used as positioning datum, when the machining cutter is used for machining a groove structure on a shaft to be machined, the feeding direction of the machining cutter can be perpendicular to the datum planes and on a first plane, and the first plane is a plane where a symmetry line of the datum plane in the axial direction of the circular hole and an axis of the circular hole are located. The machining cutter takes the direction as a positioning standard to machine a groove structure on a shaft to be machined. And after a groove structure is machined, the machining cutter is retracted to a cutter feeding position. And controlling the shaft to be machined to rotate by the angle of (n-1) reference interval angles in sequence, wherein the reference interval angles are included angles between first planes on two adjacent reference planes, and repeating the steps of machining the first groove structure by the machining tool after rotating the shaft to be machined once every time to obtain the shaft with a plurality of groove structures. Because the reference spacing angle between the first planes on the two reference planes on the reference block is the ideal spacing angle, the machining direction of the machining cutter is on the first plane every time, the obtained actual spacing angle between the two groove structures is close to the ideal spacing angle to the maximum extent, and the difference between the actual spacing angle and the ideal spacing angle between the adjacent groove structures is reduced.

Fig. 6 is a flow chart of another shaft processing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention, where the processing precision of the method shown in fig. 6 is higher than that of the method shown in fig. 5, and the method in fig. 6 is also used to further explain the method in fig. 5. As shown in fig. 6, the shaft processing method includes:

s201: providing a shaft to be processed.

S202: and coaxially sleeving the reference block on the shaft to be processed through the circular hole.

S203: and fixing the reference block on the shaft to be processed by using a pressing structure.

S204: and rotating the shaft to be processed to enable a reference surface on the reference block to be parallel to the horizontal plane.

The reference plane of the reference block is parallel to the horizontal plane, the feeding direction of the machining cutter is parallel to the gravity direction, the machining cutter cannot be influenced by gravity during machining, the problem of track deviation occurs, and the machined groove structure is good in precision.

Exemplarily, in step S204: it can be checked using a dial gauge that the run-out value of the reference surface on the horizontal plane does not exceed 0.07 mm.

The parallelism of the reference surface and the horizontal plane reaches the standard, the shaft to be machined can be machined, and the machined groove structure is good in quality.

S205: and controlling the machining cutter to feed in a direction vertical to one reference surface of the reference block, and machining a groove structure on the shaft to be machined, wherein the feeding direction of the machining cutter is on a first plane on the reference surface.

The processing cutter returns to the cutter feeding position after processing a groove structure.

Wherein the minimum distance between the feed position of the processing knife and the reference block may be greater than 30 mm.

When the machining cutter is used for machining the shaft to be machined, overlarge vibration influence on the reference block on the shaft to be machined cannot be caused, the relative position of the reference block and the shaft to be machined is kept unchanged, and influence on subsequent machining is avoided.

The structure after step S205 is executed can refer to fig. 3 and fig. 4.

The minimum distance L between the feed position of the processing knife 20 and the reference block 1 may be greater than 30 mm.

When the shaft 10 to be processed is processed, the shaft 10 to be processed can be placed on the V-shaped iron 30, so that the shaft 10 to be processed is conveniently supported, and the position of the shaft 10 to be processed is also conveniently adjusted.

The dial indicator 40 is disposed on the reference surface 12.

S206: and (3) controlling the shaft to be processed to rotate for (n-1) times, wherein the shaft to be processed rotates for one reference angle at intervals when the shaft to be processed rotates once, and controlling the processing cutter to finish (n-1) times of groove structure processing and (n-1) times of retraction to the cutter feeding position.

Controlling the machining cutter to complete (n-1) times of groove structure machining and (n-1) times of retraction to the cutter feeding position, comprising:

and controlling the machining cutter to feed in the direction vertical to one reference surface every time, and machining a groove structure on the shaft to be machined, wherein the feeding direction of the machining cutter is on the first plane.

And controlling the machining cutter to retract to the cutter feeding position.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.