阅读说明：本技术 一种通过生物酶提高玉米淀粉得率的方法 (Method for improving corn starch yield through biological enzyme ) 是由 孙玉政 王建 张学亮 于 2019-10-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明主要涉及玉米淀粉加工技术领域,公开了一种通过生物酶提高玉米淀粉得率的方法,包括：除杂、一次干燥、破碎、一次酶解、二次酶解、胚芽分离、二次干燥、超微粉碎；本发明提供的通过生物酶提高玉米淀粉得率的方法,方法简单,绿色环保,浸泡过程中避免了二氧化硫等化学试剂的使用,提高了玉米淀粉的安全性,同时去除了蛋白分离和淀粉清洗过程,避免玉米淀粉的流失,提高了玉米淀粉的得率和纯度,提高了玉米淀粉的利用率。(The invention mainly relates to the technical field of corn starch processing, and discloses a method for improving the yield of corn starch by using biological enzyme, which comprises the following steps: removing impurities, primary drying, crushing, primary enzymolysis, secondary enzymolysis, germ separation, secondary drying and superfine grinding; the method for improving the yield of the corn starch through the biological enzyme is simple and environment-friendly, avoids the use of chemical reagents such as sulfur dioxide and the like in the soaking process, improves the safety of the corn starch, simultaneously removes protein separation and starch cleaning processes, avoids the loss of the corn starch, improves the yield and purity of the corn starch, and improves the utilization rate of the corn starch.)

1. A method for improving the yield of corn starch by using biological enzyme is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) removing impurities: sieving, winnowing and magnetically separating the corn grains, and ultrasonically cleaning the corn grains with clear water to obtain clean corn;

(2) primary drying, namely putting the clean corns into a freeze dryer, and freeze-drying the clean corns until the water content is 4 ~ 6% to obtain dry corns;

(3) crushing, namely putting the dried corn into a crusher for crushing, and crushing the corn kernels into 13 ~ 17 pieces to obtain crushed corn;

(4) primary enzymolysis, namely soaking the crushed corns in a cellulase solution, and performing heat preservation and enzymolysis for 4 ~ 5 hours at the temperature of 40 ~ 45 ℃ to obtain primary enzymolysis pulp;

(5) performing secondary enzymolysis, namely adding bromelain into the primary enzymolysis pulp, and stirring at 35 ~ 40r/min for enzymolysis for 3 ~ 4h to obtain secondary enzymolysis pulp;

(6) and (3) embryo separation: introducing the secondary enzymolysis slurry into a germ separation tank for germ separation to obtain germ separation slurry;

(7) secondary drying, namely placing the germ separation pulp in a drying oven, drying at 60 ~ 65 ℃ until the water content is 40 ~ 45%, placing in the freeze dryer, and freeze-drying until the water content is 6 ~ 8%, thus obtaining dry powder;

(8) micronizing, namely putting the dried powder into a micronizer, and pulverizing to obtain corn starch with the particle size of 200 ~ 300 meshes.

2. The method for improving the yield of corn starch by using biological enzyme according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic cleaning in the step (1) is carried out at 40 ~ 45 ℃, 24 ~ 26kHz and 20 ~ 25 min.

3. The method for improving the yield of corn starch by using biological enzyme as claimed in claim 1, wherein the freezing temperature of the freeze dryer in the step (2) is-47 ~ -49 ℃, and the shelf heating temperature is 36 ~ 38 ℃.

4. The method for improving the yield of corn starch by using biological enzyme according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the cellulase solution in the step (4) is 0.12 ~ 0.14.14 percent by weight.

5. The method for improving the yield of corn starch by using biological enzyme according to claim 1, wherein the bromelain of the step (5) is added to make the mass percentage concentration of the bromelain be 0.07 ~ 0.09.09%.

6. A corn starch prepared by the method for improving the yield of corn starch with biological enzyme according to claim 1 ~ 5.

Technical Field

The invention mainly relates to the technical field of corn starch processing, in particular to a method for improving the yield of corn starch by using biological enzyme.

Background

Corn is an important grain crop and feed crop, is also a crop with the highest overall yield all over the world, has the planting area and the overall yield which are only inferior to rice and wheat, is always known as a long-life food, contains rich starch, protein, fat, vitamins, trace elements, cellulose and the like, has great potential for developing high-nutrition and high-biological functional food, wherein the corn starch is also called as maize starch and commonly called as hexacereal flour, and white yellowish powder which is a main component of the corn and accounts for 70 ~ percent of the weight of the corn.

The prior patent document CN109306019A discloses a method for improving the extraction rate of corn starch by extrusion cooking, and the specific disclosure of the patent document is different from the traditional method in that the extrusion cooking process is added after fiber separation and before protein separation, an extruder is divided into six different sections to extrude corn pulp, the temperature is gradually increased from one area to six areas, and is increased from 28 ℃ to 53 ℃, and the cooking temperature is not reached, so that the extrusion cooking of the patent document does not realize the cooking process, and the problems of low production efficiency, strong corrosivity and serious pollution in the traditional method can not be obviously improved; patent document CN108148142A discloses a method for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of corn starch, which is different from the conventional method in that an ultrasonic treatment process is added after fiber separation and before protein separation, and the ultrasonic time of 15min cannot effectively increase the yield of corn starch and reduce the usage amount of sulfur dioxide, and is not ideal for improving the conventional method.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to remedy the disadvantages of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a process for increasing the yield of corn starch by means of biological enzymes.

A method for increasing the yield of corn starch by using biological enzyme comprises the following steps:

(1) removing impurities: sieving, winnowing and magnetically separating the corn kernels to remove obvious impurities mixed in the corn kernels, and ultrasonically cleaning the corn kernels with clear water to remove dust adhered to the surfaces of the corn kernels, so that the sanitary standard of the corn is improved, and clean corn is obtained;

(2) primary drying, namely putting clean corns into a freeze dryer, and freeze-drying the corns until the water content is 4 ~ 6%, so that the water contained in the corn grains is quickly frozen, the separation of each structure in the corn grains is facilitated, the separation of a fiber layer, a germ and starch can be promoted, meanwhile, the water in the corn grains is quickly volatilized, the porosity of the corn grains is increased, the crushing of the corn grains and the infiltration of a soaking solution are facilitated, and the dried corns are obtained;

(3) crushing, namely crushing the dried corn in a crusher to obtain 13 ~ 17 corn kernels, wherein the corn kernels can be crushed in one step, so that the process of crushing for multiple times in the traditional method is avoided, the processing process is obviously simplified, the production efficiency is improved, and the crushed corn is obtained;

(4) soaking the crushed corn in a cellulase solution, performing enzymolysis at 40 ~ 45 ℃ for 4 ~ 5h under heat preservation, decomposing cellulose of the crushed corn, avoiding subsequent process of sieving to remove the cellulose, simplifying operation procedures, increasing sweetness of the corn starch by polysaccharide and monosaccharide generated after cellulose decomposition, improving taste of the corn starch, and obtaining primary enzymolysis pulp;

(5) adding bromelain into the primary enzymolysis pulp, stirring and carrying out enzymolysis for 3 ~ 4h at 35 ~ 40r/min, carrying out segmentation enzymolysis on protein in the corn pulp, destroying a protein network in corn, fully releasing corn starch, avoiding subsequent protein separation and starch washing, reducing corn starch loss, improving the yield and purity of the corn starch, avoiding the use of chemical reagents, avoiding the produced treatment solution from damaging the environment, and being more environment-friendly to obtain the secondary enzymolysis pulp;

(6) and (3) embryo separation: the secondary enzymolysis pulp is introduced into a germ separation tank for germ separation, cellulose and protein of the crushed corn are fully removed after enzymolysis, the separation of the germs is more convenient, only one-time separation is needed in the germ separation process, the secondary separation in the traditional process is avoided, the procedure is saved, the germ separation rate is improved, the purity of the corn starch is obviously improved, and the germ separation pulp is obtained;

(7) secondary drying, namely placing the germ separation pulp in a drying oven, drying at 60 ~ 65 ℃ until the water content is 40 ~ 45%, quickly removing a part of water, placing in the freeze dryer, freeze-drying until the water content is 6 ~ 8%, facilitating subsequent crushing, increasing the porosity of the crushed corn particles, and improving the viscosity of corn starch to obtain dry powder;

(8) and (3) performing superfine grinding, namely putting the dried powder into a superfine grinder, and grinding the dried powder into particles with the particle size of 200 ~ 300 meshes, so that the fine taste of the corn starch is rapidly improved, and the corn starch is more simply and conveniently obtained.

And (2) carrying out ultrasonic cleaning in the step (1), wherein the temperature is 40 ~ 45 ℃, the ultrasonic frequency is 24 ~ 26kHz, and the ultrasonic time is 20 ~ 25 min.

The freezing temperature of the freeze dryer in the step (2) is-47 ~ -49 ℃, and the shelf heating temperature is 36 ~ 38 ℃.

The mass percentage concentration of the cellulase solution in the step (4) is 0.12 ~ 0.14.14%.

And (3) adding the bromelain in the step (5) to ensure that the mass percentage concentration of the bromelain is 0.07 ~ 0.09.09%.

The corn starch prepared by the method for improving the yield of the corn starch through the biological enzyme.

The invention has the advantages that: the method for improving the yield of the corn starch by the biological enzyme is simple and environment-friendly, avoids the use of chemical reagents such as sulfur dioxide and the like in the soaking process, improves the safety of the corn starch, simultaneously removes protein separation and starch cleaning processes, avoids the loss of the corn starch, improves the yield and purity of the corn starch, and improves the utilization rate of the corn starch; in the preparation process, the corn is firstly subjected to air separation and magnetic separation to remove obvious impurities in the corn, and then clear water is added for ultrasonic cleaning to remove dust adhered to the surface of the corn, so that the sanitary standard of the corn is improved; after ultrasonic cleaning, the corn is frozen and dried, so that moisture contained in corn grains is quickly frozen, the separation of each structure in the corn is facilitated, the separation of a fiber layer, germ and starch can be promoted, meanwhile, the moisture in the corn is quickly volatilized, the porosity of the corn is increased, and the crushing of the corn and the infiltration of a soaking solution are facilitated; the corn is directly crushed after freeze drying, and the crushing can be completed in one step, so that the process of crushing for multiple times in the traditional method is avoided, the processing process is obviously simplified, and the production efficiency is improved; the crushed corn is placed in a cellulase solution for heat preservation and enzymolysis, the cellulose of the crushed corn is decomposed, the subsequent process of sieving to remove the cellulose can be avoided, the operation procedure is simplified, and meanwhile, the polysaccharide and monosaccharide generated after the cellulose decomposition can increase the sweetness of the corn starch and improve the taste of the corn starch; bromelain is added into the primary enzymolysis pulp again to perform segmentation enzymolysis on the protein in the corn pulp, so that a protein network in the corn is damaged, the corn starch is fully released, subsequent protein separation and starch washing are avoided, corn starch loss is reduced, the yield and purity of the corn starch are improved, the use of a chemical reagent is avoided, the produced treatment solution cannot damage the environment, and the method is more green and environment-friendly; cellulose and protein of the crushed corn are fully removed after enzymolysis, the crushed corn is placed in a germ separation tank to be more convenient for germ separation, only one-time separation is needed in the germ separation process, secondary separation in the traditional process is avoided, the procedure is saved, the germ separation rate reaches 93 percent, and the purity of corn starch is obviously improved; after the germ is separated, the corn steep liquor is heated and dried to quickly remove a part of water, and then is freeze-dried, so that the subsequent crushing is facilitated, the porosity of the crushed corn particles is increased, and the viscosity of the corn starch is improved; the corn is subjected to superfine grinding after being dried, so that the fine taste of the corn starch is rapidly improved, and the corn starch is simpler and more convenient.

Drawings

In order to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the method for improving the yield of corn starch by using biological enzyme.

Detailed Description

The invention is illustrated by the following specific examples.