阅读说明：本技术 一种直接煤燃料电池电堆发电设备及发电方法 (Direct coal fuel cell stack power generation equipment and power generation method ) 是由 *** 翟朔 陈彬 刘涛 于 2019-09-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供的一种直接煤燃料电池电堆发电设备及发电方法,包括：壳体；依次设置在壳体内的高温脱硫层、第一孔洞层和第二孔洞层；由高温脱硫层、第一孔洞层和第二孔洞层分隔而成的煤气化腔、燃料气分流腔、管式电池腔和电池尾气腔；设置在壳体上的气体入口、尾气出口、通风口和设置在所述通风口前端的鼓风装置。本发明通过将煤气化腔与管式电池腔分开设置,在煤气化腔与管式电池腔之间设置高温脱硫层,可以避免固体碳气化后含有的少量含硫气体对阳极催化剂的毒化作用；硫化后的CO通过燃料气分流腔分流进入管式电池中,设备结构紧凑,避免了CO的管道输运与分离式除硫器所带来的气体压力流损与降温所带来的热力学损失,提升整体发电效率。(The invention provides direct coal fuel cell pile power generation equipment and a power generation method, which comprise the following steps: a housing; the high-temperature desulfurization layer, the first hole layer and the second hole layer are sequentially arranged in the shell; the coal gasification device comprises a coal gasification cavity, a fuel gas diversion cavity, a tubular battery cavity and a battery tail gas cavity, wherein the coal gasification cavity is formed by separating a high-temperature desulfurization layer, a first hole layer and a second hole layer; the device comprises a gas inlet, a tail gas outlet and a vent which are arranged on a shell, and a blower device arranged at the front end of the vent. According to the invention, the coal gasification cavity and the tubular battery cavity are separately arranged, and the high-temperature desulfurization layer is arranged between the coal gasification cavity and the tubular battery cavity, so that the poisoning effect of a small amount of sulfur-containing gas contained after solid carbon is gasified on the anode catalyst can be avoided; and the vulcanized CO enters the tubular cell through the fuel gas shunting cavity in a shunting manner, so that the equipment structure is compact, the gas pressure flow loss and the thermodynamic loss caused by cooling caused by the pipeline transportation of the CO and the separation type desulfurizer are avoided, and the overall power generation efficiency is improved.)

1. A direct coal fuel cell stack power plant, comprising: a hollow interior housing;

a high-temperature desulfurization layer, a first hole layer and a second hole layer are sequentially arranged in the shell; the high-temperature desulfurization layer, the first hole layer and the second hole layer divide the inner part of the shell into a coal gasification cavity, a fuel gas diversion cavity, a tubular cell cavity and a cell tail gas cavity;

at least one tubular battery is arranged in the tubular battery cavity; the first hole layer and the second hole layer are respectively provided with at least one hole; the tubular battery is arranged in the holes of the first hole layer and the second hole layer;

the shell is provided with a gas inlet, a tail gas outlet, a vent and a blower device arranged at the front end of the vent;

the gas inlet is communicated with the coal gasification cavity; the tail gas outlet is communicated with the battery tail gas cavity; the vent is communicated with the tubular battery cavity.

2. The direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of claim 1, wherein the housing is formed by a first housing and a second housing that are hollow inside and are butted, the first housing being detachably connected to the second housing.

3. The direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of claim 1, further comprising: and the connecting pipeline is respectively connected with the tail gas outlet and the gas inlet and is used for circulating the tail gas generated by the tail gas outlet to the gas inlet.

4. The direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of claim 1, wherein the housing is further provided with a pulverized coal inlet in communication with the coal gasification chamber, the pulverized coal inlet being configured to add coal into the coal gasification chamber.

5. The direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of claim 3, wherein the lower end of the casing is provided with an ash discharge valve communicating with the coal gasification chamber; the lower end of the ash discharge valve is provided with a coal ash separating groove.

6. The direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of claim 1, wherein the housing is further provided with an air outlet in communication with the tubular cell cavity.

7. The direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of claim 1, wherein the holes in the first and second hole layers are symmetrically disposed; the tubular battery is arranged on the symmetrical holes of the first hole layer and the second hole layer.

8. The direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of claim 6, wherein the hole size matches the dimensions of the tubular cell ends; the tubular battery is connected with the first hole layer and the second hole layer in a sealing mode through high-temperature sealing glue.

9. The direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of claims 1-8, wherein the operating temperature of the tubular cell cavity is 750-800 ℃; the working temperature of the tubular battery cavity is 50 ℃ higher than that of the coal gasification cavity.

10. A method of generating power in a direct coal fuel cell stack power plant according to claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:

the carbon dioxide gas reacts with the coal in the coal gasification cavity through a gas inlet to generate carbon monoxide gas;

the generated carbon monoxide gas is desulfurized by the high-temperature desulfurization layer and then sequentially enters the fuel gas diversion cavity and the tubular cell;

and the air flowing in from the ventilation opening obtains electrons from the outer side of the tubular cell to generate oxygen ions, and the oxygen ions enter the tubular cell to perform electrochemical reaction with carbon monoxide in the tubular cell to release the electrons outwards.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of direct coal fuel cells, in particular to direct coal fuel cell stack power generation equipment and a power generation method.

Background

The energy is the pillar of national economy and is the necessary driving force for the development of human society. The direct coal fuel cell can integrate and utilize coal through CO at high temperature₂And CO is generated by gasification reaction with C and is used as fuel gas, so that high-efficiency electrochemical power generation is realized, and the fuel gas is expected to become an important component of a future energy supply system.

Coal fuel transportation is a difficult point of direct coal fuel cell stack design, and the flat-plate solid oxide fuel cell adopts a structure that a bipolar current collector and a cell membrane electrode are alternately stacked, but the coal is spatially limited to be transmitted to a cell anode through a flow channel, so that the pipeline transportation of CO is limited. Although the existing tubular solid oxide fuel cell adopts the design scheme that the anode is arranged outside the tube and the coal powder is directly inserted into the cathode tube, the problem that the coal is transmitted to the anode of the cell through a flow channel is solved, the coal powder is directly contacted with the surface of the cell, and when the cell consumes the coal powder and finishes the discharging and ash discharging processes, the movement of the coal powder and ash solid particles can rub the surface of the anode, so that the surface of the anode is broken and the performance is reduced.

Accordingly, the prior art is yet to be improved and developed.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device and a power generation method, aiming at solving the problems that in the prior art, a flat plate type solid oxide fuel cell adopts a bipolar current collector and a cell membrane electrode alternate stacking structure, the coal is spatially limited to be transmitted to a cell anode through a flow channel, and a tubular solid oxide fuel cell is directly inserted into pulverized coal, and the motion of the pulverized coal and ash solid particles can rub the surface of the anode, so that the surface of the anode is broken, the performance is reduced, and the like.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:

a direct coal fuel cell stack power plant, comprising: a hollow interior housing;

a high-temperature desulfurization layer, a first hole layer and a second hole layer are sequentially arranged in the shell; the high-temperature desulfurization layer, the first hole layer and the second hole layer divide the inner part of the shell into a coal gasification cavity, a fuel gas diversion cavity, a tubular cell cavity and a cell tail gas cavity;

at least one tubular battery is arranged in the tubular battery cavity; the first hole layer and the second hole layer are respectively provided with at least one hole; the tubular battery is arranged in the holes of the first hole layer and the second hole layer;

the shell is provided with a gas inlet, a tail gas outlet, a vent and a blower device arranged at the front end of the vent;

the gas inlet is communicated with the coal gasification cavity; the tail gas outlet is communicated with the battery tail gas cavity; the vent is communicated with the tubular battery cavity.

The direct coal fuel cell pile power generation equipment is characterized in that the shell is formed by butting a first shell and a second shell which are hollow inside, and the first shell is detachably connected with the second shell.

The direct coal fuel cell stack power plant, wherein the plant further comprises: and the connecting pipeline is respectively connected with the tail gas outlet and the gas inlet and is used for circulating the tail gas generated by the tail gas outlet to the gas inlet.

The direct coal fuel cell pile power generation equipment is characterized in that the shell is also provided with a coal powder inlet communicated with the coal gasification cavity, and the coal powder inlet is used for adding coal into the coal gasification cavity.

The direct coal fuel cell pile power generation equipment is characterized in that the lower end of the shell is provided with an ash discharge valve communicated with the coal gasification cavity; the lower end of the ash discharge valve is provided with a coal ash separating groove.

The direct coal fuel cell stack power generation equipment is characterized in that an air outlet communicated with the tubular cell cavity is further formed in the shell.

The direct coal fuel cell stack power generation equipment is characterized in that holes in the first hole layer and the second hole layer are symmetrically arranged; the tubular battery is arranged on the symmetrical holes of the first hole layer and the second hole layer.

The direct coal fuel cell pile power generation equipment is characterized in that the size of the hole is matched with the size of the two ends of the tubular cell; the tubular battery is connected with the first hole layer and the second hole layer in a sealing mode through high-temperature sealing glue.

The direct coal fuel cell stack power generation equipment is characterized in that the working temperature of the tubular cell cavity is 750-800 ℃; the working temperature of the tubular battery cavity is 50 ℃ higher than that of the coal gasification cavity.

The power generation method of the direct coal fuel cell pile power generation equipment comprises the following steps:

the carbon dioxide gas reacts with the coal in the coal gasification cavity through a gas inlet to generate carbon monoxide gas;

the generated carbon monoxide gas is desulfurized by the high-temperature desulfurization layer and then sequentially enters the fuel gas diversion cavity and the tubular cell;

and the air flowing in from the ventilation opening obtains electrons from the outer side of the tubular cell to generate oxygen ions, and the oxygen ions enter the tubular cell to perform electrochemical reaction with carbon monoxide in the tubular cell to release the electrons outwards.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the direct coal fuel cell stack power generation equipment, the coal gasification cavity and the tubular cell cavity are separately arranged, and the high-temperature desulfurization layer for desulfurizing CO generated by the coal gasification cavity is arranged between the coal gasification cavity and the tubular cell cavity, so that the poisoning effect of a small amount of sulfur-containing gas contained after solid carbon is gasified on an anode catalyst can be avoided; and the vulcanized CO enters the tubular cell through the fuel gas shunting cavity in a shunting manner, so that the equipment structure is compact, the gas pressure flow loss and the thermodynamic loss caused by cooling caused by the pipeline transportation of the CO and the separation type desulfurizer are avoided, and the overall power generation efficiency is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of a direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional perspective view of a first housing and its internal structure of the direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a first casing and its internal structure of the direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional perspective view of a second casing and its internal structure of the direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a second casing and its internal structure of the direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of a method of generating power for a direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Because the flat-plate solid oxide fuel cell in the prior art adopts a structure that a bipolar current collector and a cell membrane electrode are alternately stacked, the coal is limited to be transmitted to the cell anode through a flow channel in space; the design scheme of directly inserting the pulverized coal solves the problem that the coal is transmitted to the anode of the battery through the flow channel, but the movement of the pulverized coal and ash solid particles can rub the surface of the anode, so that the surface of the anode is broken and the performance is reduced. To solve the above problems, the present invention providesA direct coal fuel cell stack power plant is shown in fig. 1. The apparatus of the present invention comprises: a hollow case 1; the high-temperature desulfurization layer 2, the first hole layer 3 and the second hole layer 4 are sequentially arranged in the shell 1; the high-temperature desulfurization layer 2, the first hole layer 3 and the second hole layer 4 divide the interior of the shell 1 into a coal gasification cavity 5, a fuel gas diversion cavity 6, a tubular cell cavity 7 and a cell tail gas cavity 8. At least one tubular battery 9 is arranged in the tubular battery cavity 7, at least one hole 3-1 is formed in the first hole layer 3, at least one hole layer 4-1 is also formed in the second hole layer 4, and the tubular battery 9 is installed in the hole 3-1 and the hole 4-1. The shell 1 is also provided with a gas inlet 10, a tail gas outlet 11, a vent 12 and a blower 13 arranged at the front end of the vent 12. And the gas inlet 10 is communicated with the coal gasification cavity 5, the tail gas outlet 11 is communicated with the battery tail gas cavity 8, and the ventilation opening 12 is communicated with the tubular battery cavity 7. During the operation of the device, carbon dioxide gas can be introduced from the gas inlet 10, and the carbon dioxide gas can generate inverse Boudouard reaction with coal in the coal gasification cavity 5: c + CO₂2CO, a large amount of CO fuel gas is produced. And the CO enters the fuel gas shunting cavity 6 after being subjected to desulfurization treatment by the high-temperature desulfurization layer 2, and shunted by the fuel gas shunting cavity 6 to enter the tubular cell 9. Air introduced from the air inlet 12 by the blower 13 is generated outside the tube cell 9 as electrons^2-，O^2-Electrochemically reacts with CO inside the tubular cell 9 to generate CO while releasing electrons to an external circuit₂Is discharged from the tail gas outlet 11. The coal and the tubular battery are respectively arranged in the coal gasification cavity 5 and the tubular battery cavity 7, and the performance of the battery is not reduced due to the friction between the coal and the surface of the battery caused by the non-direct contact; in addition, the high-temperature desulfurization layer 2 can be used for desulfurizing CO generated by the coal gasification cavity 5, so that the poisoning effect of a small amount of sulfur-containing gas contained in the gasified coal powder on the anode catalyst can be avoided.

Further, in the embodiment, the high-temperature desulfurization layer 2 can be filled with limestone, dolomite, slaked lime or other granular desulfurizing agents to complete the desulfurization process, and the design of the high-temperature desulfurization layer 2 can avoid the situation that the coal is gasifiedThe anode catalyst is poisoned by a small amount of sulfur-containing gas, for example, when the anode catalyst is Ni particles, the sulfur-containing gas can be prevented from leading the catalyst Ni particles to be vulcanized to form NiS and Ni₃S_xAnd the like, low catalytic activity. The tube cell 9 is composed of an anode layer inside the tube, a cathode layer outside the tube, and an electrolyte disposed between the anode layer and the cathode layer. The anode layer is a Ni and electrolyte powder composite porous anode adopted by the traditional solid oxide fuel cell, and the electrolyte is a commonly used cation electrolyte such as 8mol percent Y₂O₃-ZrO₂、Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9、Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_1.9. The cathode electrode layer is mainly composed of the above electrolyte material and a typical cathode material commonly used in solid oxide batteries, such as (La)_0.80Sr_0.20)_0.95MnO₃,(La_0.60Sr_0.40)_0.95Co_0.20Fe_0.80O₃And the like. In specific implementation, air introduced from the air vent 12 by the air blower 13 obtains electrons on the cathode layer outside the tubular battery 9 to generate O^2-，O^2-The anode layer in the tubular cell 9 is driven by the concentration difference and the potential difference to pass through the electrolyte layer, and electrochemical reaction is carried out between the anode layer and CO, and electrons are emitted to an external circuit to form a complete current loop, so that power generation is realized.