阅读说明：本技术 一种中间铰接对称下拉式客车逃生天窗装置 (Middle hinged symmetrical pull-down type escape skylight device for passenger car ) 是由 张硕 王小曼 徐仁杰 于 2019-11-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种中间铰接对称下拉式客车逃生天窗装置,采用对称式结构,对称设置两个天梯,乘客可从两个天梯同时逃生,大大加快了逃生速度。采用中间铰接的结构,两个天梯的下降由一根液压杆控制,降低操作难度。且液压杆对天梯的旋转下落有一定的阻尼作用,避免了天梯突然下落伤人。当天梯完全打开,液压杆支撑在两上天梯之间,形成稳定的等腰三角形结构,阻止其进一步相对旋转,不仅保证天梯与竖直方向有一定的夹角,利于乘客向上攀爬逃生,而且倾斜的天梯底部不需要固定于车底,可适当缩短天梯长度,减去最下面几乎用不到的0.5米长度,避免材料的浪费。(The invention provides a middle hinged symmetrical pull-down type passenger car escape skylight device, which adopts a symmetrical structure, is symmetrically provided with two high ladders, and passengers can simultaneously escape from the two high ladders, so that the escape speed is greatly increased. The middle hinged structure is adopted, the descending of the two high ladders is controlled by one hydraulic rod, and the operation difficulty is reduced. And the hydraulic rod has a certain damping effect on the rotation and falling of the high ladder, so that the sudden falling of the high ladder is avoided to hurt people. Open completely when the high ladder, the hydraulic stem supports between two high ladders, forms stable isosceles triangle structure, prevents its further relative rotation, not only guarantees that high ladder and vertical direction have certain contained angle, does benefit to the passenger and upwards scrambles and flees, and the high ladder bottom of slope need not be fixed in the vehicle bottom moreover, can suitably shorten high ladder length, subtracts the 0.5 meters length that can't use at the bottom almost, avoids the waste of material.)

1. A middle hinged symmetrical pull-down type passenger car escape skylight device is characterized by comprising a passenger car roof (1), a skylight top cover (3), two ladders (4), a hydraulic rod (5) and two pull-down handles (6);

a passenger car roof skylight hole (2) is formed in the passenger car roof (1), a skylight top cover (3) is arranged corresponding to the passenger car roof skylight hole (2), and one end of the skylight top cover (3) is hinged to the passenger car roof (1); the edge of the skylight top cover (3) is wrapped with a sealing ring (3-1);

a transverse rod (2-4) is horizontally arranged in the skylight opening (2) of the top of the passenger car, and two ends of the transverse rod (2-4) are fixed on the top of the passenger car (1); the two ladder ladders (4) are symmetrically distributed about the transverse rods (2-4) and are hinged on the transverse rods (2-4); one end of the hydraulic rod (5) is hinged on one ladder (4), and the other end is hinged on the other ladder (4);

each ladder (4) is connected with a pull-down handle (6).

2. The escape skylight device of the passenger car with the hinged symmetrical drop-down middle as claimed in claim 1, wherein two sides of the skylight opening (2) on the top of the passenger car are respectively provided with a rope ladder placing groove (2-3) along the longitudinal direction of the passenger car, a rope ladder is arranged in the rope ladder placing groove (2-3), one end of the rope ladder is hinged on the rope ladder placing groove (2-3), and the other end is a free end.

3. The middle hinged symmetrical pull-down passenger car escape skylight device according to claim 1, wherein the skylight cover (3) comprises a skylight cover shell (3-2), the skylight cover shell (3-2) is hinged on a passenger car roof (1), one end, away from the hinged position, of the skylight cover shell (3-2) is hinged with a skylight support (3-5), the other end of the skylight support (3-5) is provided with a support anti-skidding rubber pad (3-6), one end, close to the support anti-skidding rubber pad (3-6), of the skylight support (3-5) is hinged with a locking rod (3-7), and the other end of the locking rod (3-7) is connected with a locking sliding block (3-8); a locking slide way (3-9) is arranged on the inner side of the skylight top cover shell (3-2), and a locking slide block (3-8) is arranged in the locking slide way (3-9) in a sliding manner; one side of the skylight opening (2) on the top of the passenger car is provided with a skylight top cover supporting groove (2-1), and the skylight top cover supporting groove (2-1) is used for placing a support anti-skid rubber pad (3-6).

4. The middle hinged symmetrical drop-down passenger car escape skylight device of claim 3, characterized in that the locking slides (3-9) are inclined slides.

5. The middle hinged symmetrical drop-down type passenger car escape skylight device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high ladder (4) comprises an upper high ladder (4-5) and a lower high ladder (4-1), the upper end of the upper high ladder (4-5) is hinged on the transverse rod (2-4); the upper ladder (4-5) is of a hollow structure, the lower ladder (4-1) is arranged in the upper ladder (4-5) in a sliding manner, and the upper end of the lower ladder (4-1) is connected with the upper end of the upper ladder (4-5) through an upper ladder hydraulic mechanism (7).

6. The middle hinged symmetrical drop-down passenger car escape skylight device according to claim 5, characterized in that the upper ladder (4-5) is provided with lower ladder slideways (4-7) on both sides inside, one end of the upper ladder (4-5) far away from the hinged point is provided with a lower ladder sliding channel (4-9), the lower ladder (4-1) can slide out of the lower ladder slideways (4-7) and the lower ladder sliding channels (4-9), and one end of the lower ladder (4-1) close to the ladder hydraulic mechanism (7) is provided with a lower ladder retainer ring (4-4).

7. The middle hinged symmetrical drop-down passenger car escape skylight device according to claim 5, characterized in that the ladder hydraulic mechanism (7) comprises a hydraulic mechanism oil storage cylinder (7-5); a hydraulic mechanism working cylinder (7-8) is arranged in the hydraulic mechanism oil storage cylinder (7-5), one end of the hydraulic mechanism working cylinder (7-8) and one end of the hydraulic mechanism oil storage cylinder (7-5) are connected with a hydraulic mechanism compensating valve (7-10) through a hydraulic mechanism compression valve (7-9), the other end of the hydraulic mechanism working cylinder (7-8) is provided with a hydraulic mechanism guide seat (7-4), and the other end of the hydraulic mechanism oil storage cylinder (7-5) is provided with a hydraulic mechanism oil seal (7-3); a hydraulic mechanism piston rod (7-2) is arranged in the hydraulic mechanism working cylinder (7-8), one end of the hydraulic mechanism piston rod (7-2) penetrates through a hydraulic mechanism guide seat (7-4) and a hydraulic mechanism oil seal (7-3) and extends into the upper end part (7-1) of the lower ladder to be fixed, and the other end of the hydraulic mechanism piston rod is connected with the hydraulic mechanism working cylinder (7-8) through a hydraulic mechanism circulation valve (7-6) and a hydraulic mechanism extension valve (7-7); the rigidity of the springs on the hydraulic mechanism extension valve (7-7) and the hydraulic mechanism compensation valve (7-10) is larger than the rigidity of the springs on the hydraulic mechanism flow valve (7-6) and the hydraulic mechanism compression valve (7-9).

8. The middle hinged symmetrical drop-down type passenger car escape skylight device according to claim 5, characterized in that a hydraulic rod placing groove is arranged between two points hinged with the hydraulic rod of the upper ladder (4-5), and when the skylight is closed and the upper ladder is folded, the hydraulic rod (5) is placed in the hydraulic rod placing groove.

9. The middle hinged symmetrical drop-down type passenger car escape skylight device according to claim 1, wherein the two ends of the hydraulic rod (5) are structurally symmetrical, and the two ends of the hydraulic rod (5) are connected with the dust cover (5-2) through hydraulic rod piston rods (5-8); one end of the hydraulic rod (5) comprises a hydraulic rod oil storage cylinder barrel (5-4); a hydraulic rod working cylinder (5-5) is arranged in the hydraulic rod oil storage cylinder (5-4), one end of the hydraulic rod working cylinder (5-5) and one end of the hydraulic rod oil storage cylinder (5-4) are connected with a hydraulic rod compression valve (5-3) through a hydraulic rod compensation valve (5-1), the other end of the hydraulic rod working cylinder (5-5) is provided with a hydraulic rod guide seat (5-10), and the other end of the hydraulic rod oil storage cylinder (5-4) is provided with a hydraulic rod oil seal (5-11); the two hydraulic rod oil storage cylinder barrels (5-4) are connected through a dust cover (5-2), and the hydraulic rod piston rods (5-8) are arranged in the dust cover (5-2); one end of a hydraulic rod piston rod (5-8) extends into one hydraulic rod working cylinder (5-5), the other end extends into the other hydraulic rod working cylinder (5-5), and the hydraulic rod piston rod (5-8) is connected with the hydraulic rod working cylinder (5-5) through a hydraulic rod extending valve (5-6) and a hydraulic rod circulating valve (5-7); the rigidity of the springs on the hydraulic rod extension valve (5-6) and the hydraulic rod compensation valve (5-1) is smaller than that of the springs on the hydraulic rod circulation valve (5-7) and the hydraulic rod compression valve (5-3).

10. The middle hinged symmetrical pull-down passenger car escape skylight device according to claim 1, wherein the pull-down handle (6) comprises a pull-down handle grip ring (6-3), the pull-down handle grip ring (6-3) is connected to the high ladder (4) through a drop belt (6-1), and the drop belt (6-1) is provided with an electromagnetic attraction guide block (6-2).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of emergency escape of passenger cars, and relates to an emergency escape skylight of a passenger car, in particular to a middle hinged symmetrical pull-down escape skylight device of the passenger car.

Background

Passenger cars sold in the market at present are provided with emergency escape skylights in consideration of the life safety of passengers under emergency situations, and when the passenger cars have accident situations, such as: when the car catches fire, turns over, falls into lake and other critical conditions, the emergency skylight often becomes the only passageway that personnel flee in the car. However, the emergency skylight is generally arranged at the top of the passenger car and can be opened successfully only by using large force and certain skill, which undoubtedly creates a barrier for passengers to escape, and seriously influences the self-rescue of the passengers and the arrival of external rescue.

The conventional escape skylight device for the passenger car mainly opens a skylight cover to form a gap, and simultaneously puts down a rope ladder to provide people with a climbing escape passage. For example: the utility model discloses a chinese utility model patent that publication number is CN106004386B discloses a passenger train skylight escape device, and this kind of device realizes opening the passenger train skylight after the emergency situation takes place through opening self-locking switch, assists the rope ladder of following the roof and puts down and realizes emergent mesh of fleing. However, the escape mode through the rope ladder has a great defect, on one hand, the distance of the skylight in the cross section direction of the passenger car is narrow, and the assumption that two passengers escape from the rope ladder at the same time cannot be realized; on the other hand, the rope ladder is difficult to climb in the air and is not suitable for the escape of young children and middle-aged and old passengers. In addition, when a fire breaks out inside the passenger car, the rope ladder cannot achieve the value due to the fact that the rope ladder is made of materials and is easy to ignite. In addition, some escape ladders adopt slope vertical ladder mechanism, and there is certain inclination promptly vertical ladder and vertical direction, the passenger climbing of being convenient for, but this kind of vertical ladder mostly needs the ladder head and the tail all stably fixed, and the head end of general ladder is fixed in the passenger train roof, and the tail end is fixed in the vehicle bottom, and when the passenger climbing, the length of about 0.5 meters in ladder bottom can't be used almost, has wasted material and space.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the middle hinged symmetrical pull-down type passenger car escape skylight device, so that passengers in a car can open the skylight through the simplest and most convenient labor-saving operation and can evacuate from the skylight at the highest speed when an emergency occurs.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a middle hinged symmetric pull-down type passenger car escape skylight device comprises a passenger car roof, a skylight top cover, two ladder ladders, a hydraulic rod and two pull-down handles;

a passenger car roof skylight hole is formed in the top of the passenger car, a skylight top cover is arranged corresponding to the passenger car roof skylight hole, and one end of the skylight top cover is hinged to the top of the passenger car; the edge of the skylight top cover is wrapped with a sealing ring;

a transverse rod is horizontally arranged in the skylight hole of the top of the passenger car, and the top of the passenger car is fixed at the two ends of the transverse rod; the two ladder ladders are symmetrically distributed about the transverse rod and are hinged on the transverse rod; one end of the hydraulic rod is hinged on one ladder, and the other end of the hydraulic rod is hinged on the other ladder;

each ladder is connected with a pull-down handle.

Preferably, the two sides of the skylight hole on the top of the passenger car are respectively provided with a rope ladder placing groove along the longitudinal direction of the passenger car, a rope ladder is arranged in each rope ladder placing groove, one end of each rope ladder is hinged to each rope ladder placing groove, and the other end of each rope ladder is a free end.

Preferably, the skylight top cover comprises a skylight top cover shell, the skylight top cover shell is hinged to the top of the passenger car, one end, far away from the hinged position, of the skylight top cover shell is hinged to a skylight support, the other end of the skylight support is provided with a support anti-skidding rubber pad, one end, close to the support anti-skidding rubber pad, of the skylight support is hinged to a locking rod, and the other end of the locking rod is connected with a locking sliding block; a locking slide way is arranged on the inner side of the skylight top cover shell, and a locking slide block is arranged in the locking slide way in a sliding manner; a skylight top cover supporting groove is formed in one side of the skylight hole in the roof of the passenger car and used for placing an anti-skid rubber pad of the support.

Furthermore, the locking slide way is an inclined slide way.

Preferably, the high ladder comprises an upper high ladder and a lower high ladder, and the upper end of the upper high ladder is hinged on the transverse rod; go up the high ladder be hollow structure, down the high ladder slide to set up in last high ladder, down the high ladder upper end through high ladder hydraulic pressure mechanism with go up the high ladder upper end and be connected.

Further, the inside both sides of last high ladder all be equipped with down high ladder slide, the one end of going up the high ladder and keeping away from the pin joint is equipped with down high ladder gliding passageway, down the high ladder can be followed down high ladder slide and down the roll-off in the high ladder gliding passageway, and the one end that the high ladder is close to high ladder hydraulic pressure mechanism down is equipped with down high ladder retaining ring.

Further, the ladder hydraulic mechanism comprises an oil storage cylinder of the hydraulic mechanism; the hydraulic mechanism oil storage cylinder is internally provided with a hydraulic mechanism working cylinder, one end of the hydraulic mechanism working cylinder is connected with one end of the hydraulic mechanism oil storage cylinder through a hydraulic mechanism compression valve and a hydraulic mechanism compensation valve, the other end of the hydraulic mechanism working cylinder is provided with a hydraulic mechanism guide seat, and the other end of the hydraulic mechanism oil storage cylinder is provided with a hydraulic mechanism oil seal; a hydraulic mechanism piston rod is arranged in the hydraulic mechanism working cylinder, one end of the hydraulic mechanism piston rod penetrates through a hydraulic mechanism guide seat and a hydraulic mechanism oil seal to extend into the upper end part of the lower ladder to be fixed, and the other end of the hydraulic mechanism piston rod is connected with the hydraulic mechanism working cylinder through a hydraulic mechanism flow valve and a hydraulic mechanism extension valve; the rigidity of the springs on the hydraulic mechanism extension valve and the hydraulic mechanism compensation valve is larger than that of the springs on the hydraulic mechanism circulation valve and the hydraulic mechanism compression valve.

Furthermore, the ascending ladder is provided with a hydraulic rod placing groove between two points hinged with the hydraulic rod, when the day window is closed, and the ascending ladder is folded, the hydraulic rod is placed in the hydraulic rod placing groove.

Preferably, the two ends of the hydraulic rod are symmetrical in structure, and the two ends of the hydraulic rod are connected with the dust cover through a hydraulic rod piston rod; one end of the hydraulic rod comprises a hydraulic rod oil storage cylinder barrel; a hydraulic rod working cylinder is arranged in the hydraulic rod oil storage cylinder, one end of the hydraulic rod working cylinder is connected with one end of the hydraulic rod oil storage cylinder through a hydraulic rod compensation valve and a hydraulic rod compression valve, the other end of the hydraulic rod working cylinder is provided with a hydraulic rod guide seat, and the other end of the hydraulic rod oil storage cylinder is provided with a hydraulic rod oil seal; the two hydraulic rod oil storage cylinder barrels are connected through a dust cover, and a hydraulic rod piston rod is arranged in the dust cover; one end of a piston rod of the hydraulic rod extends into one working cylinder of the hydraulic rod, the other end of the piston rod of the hydraulic rod extends into the other working cylinder of the hydraulic rod, and the piston rod of the hydraulic rod is connected with the working cylinder of the hydraulic rod through a hydraulic rod extending valve and a hydraulic rod circulating valve; the rigidity of the springs on the hydraulic rod extension valve and the hydraulic rod compensation valve is smaller than that of the springs on the hydraulic rod circulation valve and the hydraulic rod compression valve.

Furthermore, the pull-down handle includes pull-down handle grip ring, and pull-down handle grip ring is connected on the ladder through flagging the area, installs the electromagnetic attraction piece on the flagging area.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

the invention adopts a symmetrical structure, the two high ladders are symmetrically arranged, passengers can simultaneously escape from the two high ladders, and the escape speed is greatly increased. The middle hinged structure is adopted, the descending of the two high ladders is controlled by one hydraulic rod, and the operation difficulty is reduced. And the hydraulic rod has a certain damping effect on the rotation and falling of the high ladder, so that the sudden falling of the high ladder is avoided to hurt people. The hydraulic rod has a supporting function on the two ladders, and is embodied in two aspects, on one hand, when the escape exit is not opened and the ladders do not rotate downwards, the axial force applied to the hydraulic rod is small, the length is not changed, and the hydraulic rod plays a supporting role on the two ladders; on the other hand the day ladder is opened completely, and the hydraulic stem supports between two day ladders, forms stable isosceles triangle structure, prevents its further relative rotation, not only guarantees that the day ladder has certain contained angle with vertical direction, does benefit to the passenger and upwards scrambles and flees, and the day ladder bottom of slope need not be fixed in the vehicle bottom moreover, can suitably shorten day ladder length, subtracts the almost dead 0.5 meters length in the bottom, avoids the waste of material. When danger occurs and the skylight needs to be opened for escape, passengers only need to pull the suspended lower pull handle downwards, and after the elevator rotates by an angle, the elevator can slowly descend by utilizing the gravity of the elevator, and the pulling force of hands only plays a role in controlling the descending speed of the elevator. The structure adopted by the invention is labor-saving, and the invention can realize the simultaneous opening of two high ladders, thereby greatly saving the opening time of the high ladder passage and facilitating the escape of passengers. The sealing washer is used for realizing the sealed of passenger train roof, when meetting the roof condition of dabbling such as rain to in the car is leaked in to water.

Further, passenger train roof skylight hole both sides have the recess of two slender forms, are equipped with the rope ladder, after the passenger climbs to the roof along the sky ladder, can take out the inside rope ladder of recess, hang down from passenger train traffic direction's both sides, and the passenger of being convenient for escapes the passenger train roof. And the rope ladder is tightly attached to the side surface of the passenger car and hangs down, so that passengers can conveniently climb down the passenger car by means of the side surface of the passenger car, the defect that the suspended rope ladder shakes back and forth is avoided, and the safety and the reliability of the rope ladder are improved.

Furthermore, the support anti-skidding rubber pad of skylight support other end prevents to be unstable when supporting skylight support in skylight top cap supporting groove.

Furthermore, the locking slide way is an inclined slide way, an included angle is formed between the slide way surface and the skylight top cover shell surface, and compared with a straight slide way, when the inclined slide way is adopted, the included angle between the direction of the force applied to the locking slide block by the locking rod and the vertical direction of the inclined slide way is smaller, so that the force applied to the locking slide block by the locking rod of the inclined slide way is larger in the direction vertical to the inclined slide way, and smaller in the direction parallel to the inclined slide way, and the friction force provided by the inclined slide way is smaller for making the locking slide block static. When the force applied by the locking rod to the locking sliding block is constant, the inclined slideway is easier to realize self-locking, and the reliability and stability of the device are ensured. Meanwhile, the inclined slide way is relatively straight, and the locking slide block can be still at any position in a self-locking range, so that the stepless adjustment of the angle of the skylight top cover can be realized.

Further, the high ladder is set to be a telescopic high ladder, the occupied space is small when the high ladder is folded, the high ladder can be extended to the required length when being unfolded, and the high ladder hydraulic mechanism can enable the high ladder to slide out, has a certain damping effect and is unlikely to damage passengers by the high ladder through quick sliding out once the high ladder is inclined. When danger occurs and the skylight needs to be opened for escape, passengers only need to pull the suspended lower pull handle downwards, and after the overhead ladder rotates by an angle, the passenger can slowly descend by utilizing the gravity of the passenger, and the pulling force of the hands only plays a role in controlling the descending speed of the overhead ladder. After the hydraulic stem is compressed by a certain length, a person continues to apply force to the pull-down handle, and then the handle can drive the lower ladder to slide out from the inside of the upper ladder, and similarly, the lower ladder can slowly slide down by utilizing the gravity of the lower ladder. The structure adopted by the invention is labor-saving, and the invention can realize that two high ladders are opened simultaneously, and the lower high ladder slides out from the inner part of the upper high ladder while the upper high ladder rotates around the transverse rod, thereby greatly saving the opening time of the high ladder passage and facilitating the escape of passengers.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic bottom view of the present invention (the view of the occupant looking into the vehicle);

FIG. 3 is a partial top view of a roof skylight opening of a passenger vehicle (a), (B) a sectional view A-A, and (c) a sectional view B-B;

FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the skylight cover (a), (b) a cross-sectional C-C view of the skylight cover when closed, and (C) a cross-sectional C-C view of the skylight cover when open;

FIG. 5 is (a) a force analysis of a horizontal slide self-locking condition and (b) a force analysis of an inclined slide self-locking condition;

FIG. 6 is a top view, (b) a bottom view, (c) a sectional view from E to E, (D) a left view, and (E) a sectional view from D to D of the ladder;

FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the aerial ladder hydraulic mechanism taken along F-F in the top view of the aerial ladder (a) of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a partial sectional view of (a) G-G and (b) an overall schematic view of a hydraulic ram;

FIG. 9 is a force analysis diagram of the hinged position of the hydraulic rod and the ladder (taking the hinged point at the left end of the hydraulic rod as an example);

FIG. 10 is a front view of the pull-down handle;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a symmetrical stress of a transverse rod (a) and a staggered stress (b);

description of reference numerals:

1. the roof of the passenger car, 2, a roof skylight hole of the passenger car, 3, a skylight top cover, 4, a ladder, 5, a hydraulic rod, 6, a pull-down handle, 7, a ladder hydraulic mechanism, 2-1, a skylight top cover supporting groove, 2-2, a rope ladder hinge joint, 2-3, a rope ladder placing groove, 2-4, a transverse rod, 2-5, a roof skylight top cover hinge joint of the passenger car, 3-1, a sealing ring, 3-2, a skylight top cover shell, 3-3, a skylight top cover hinge joint, 3-4, a skylight support hinge joint, 3-5, a skylight support, 3-6, a support anti-skidding rubber pad, 3-7, a locking rod, 3-8, a locking sliding block, 3-9, a locking sliding way, 4-1, a lower ladder, 4-2, a lower ladder pedal, 4-3 and an upper ladder pedal, 4-4 parts of lower high ladder retainer ring, 4-5 parts of upper high ladder, 4-6 parts of upper high ladder hinge point, 4-7 parts of lower high ladder slideway, 4-8 parts of upper high ladder hydraulic rod connection point, 4-9 parts of lower high ladder sliding channel, 5-1 parts of hydraulic rod compensation valve, 5-2 parts of dust cover, 5-3 parts of hydraulic rod compression valve, 5-4 parts of hydraulic rod oil storage cylinder, 5-5 parts of hydraulic rod working cylinder, 5-6 parts of hydraulic rod extension valve, 5-7 parts of hydraulic rod circulation valve, 5-8 parts of hydraulic rod piston rod, 5-9 parts of hydraulic rod hinge point, 5-10 parts of hydraulic rod guide seat, 5-11 parts of hydraulic rod oil seal, 6-1 part of droop belt, 6-2 parts of electromagnetic attraction block, 6-3 parts of hand-holding ring, 6-4 parts of screw hole, 6-5 parts of sunk screws, 7-1 parts of upper end parts of lower ladders, 7-2 parts of piston rods of hydraulic mechanisms, 7-3 parts of oil seals of the hydraulic mechanisms, 7-4 parts of guide seats of the hydraulic mechanisms, 7-5 parts of oil storage cylinder barrels of the hydraulic mechanisms, 7-6 parts of circulation valves of the hydraulic mechanisms, 7-7 parts of extension valves of the hydraulic mechanisms, 7-8 parts of working cylinder barrels of the hydraulic mechanisms, 7-9 parts of compression valves of the hydraulic mechanisms, 7-10 parts of compensation valves of the hydraulic mechanisms, 7-11 parts of welding points of the upper ladders and the lower ladders

Detailed Description

The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.

As shown in figures 1 and 2, the middle hinged symmetrical pull-down type passenger car escape skylight device comprises a passenger car roof 1, a passenger car roof skylight hole 2, a skylight top cover 3, two ladder ladders 4, a hydraulic rod 5 and two pull-down handles 6.

As shown in fig. 3, a transverse rod 2-4 is horizontally arranged in the middle of a passenger car roof skylight hole 2 along the transverse direction of the passenger car, a horizontal skylight top cover supporting groove 2-1 is arranged at the front end of the passenger car roof skylight hole 2 along the transverse direction of the passenger car on the passenger car roof 1 and is used for placing a support anti-skid rubber pad 3-6 of the skylight top cover 3, two elongated rope ladder placing grooves 2-3 are respectively arranged at two sides of the passenger car roof skylight hole 2 along the longitudinal direction of the passenger car and are used for placing a rope ladder, two rope ladder hinge joints 2-2 are respectively arranged in the rope ladder placing grooves, and when the rope ladder is used, one end of the rope ladder can be fixed at the rope ladder hinge joint 2-2, and the other end freely droops towards the side face of the. Two passenger car roof skylight top cover hinge joints 2-5 are arranged at the rear end of the passenger car roof skylight hole 2 and used for installing the skylight top cover 3. Two ends of the transverse rod 2-4 are fastened on a support frame inside the roof of the passenger car through a bearing bush and a bolt.

The rope ladder is made of special materials, flame-retardant materials such as substances containing phosphorus or halogen elements are added into the materials of the traditional rope ladder, and the rope ladder is not easy to burn when a passenger car is in a fire, so that the smoothness of an escape passage is guaranteed.

The skylight top cover 3 is arranged at the middle rear end position of the bus roof 1, and the hinge point of the skylight top cover and the bus roof 1 is positioned at one end close to the tail of the bus. As shown in fig. 4, the skylight cover 3 includes a skylight cover shell 3-2, the edge of the skylight cover shell 3-2 is wrapped with a layer of sealing ring 3-1 for sealing the roof of the passenger car, and the sealing ring 3-1 should surround the whole skylight opening 2 of the roof of the passenger car, including a horizontal skylight cover support groove 2-1 formed in the roof 1 of the passenger car. The sealing ring 3-1 can be made of rubber materials, so that sealing with the roof of the passenger car is realized, and water is prevented from leaking into the car when the roof splashes water in rain and the like.

As shown in FIG. 4, the skylight cover 3 is hinged to a skylight cover hinge point 2-5 on the top of a passenger car 1 through a skylight cover hinge point 3-3 at 2, and the function of rotating around the axis lines of two hinged positions can be realized. The middle point of one end, far away from the hinged position, of the skylight top cover 3 is connected with a skylight support 3-5 through a skylight support hinged point 3-4, and a support anti-skidding rubber pad 3-6 is arranged at the other end of the skylight support 3-5, so that instability when the skylight support 3-5 is supported in the skylight top cover supporting groove 2-1 is prevented. One end of the skylight support 3-5, which is close to the support antiskid rubber pad 3-6, is hinged with a locking rod 3-7, the other end of the locking rod 3-7 is connected with a locking slide block 3-8, and the locking slide block 3-8 can slide along a locking slide rail 3-9 arranged in the middle of the skylight top cover shell 3-2. The locking rod 3-7 and the locking slide block 3-8 realize the fixation of the skylight top cover after being opened by utilizing the self-locking principle.

The locking slide ways 3-9 are inclined slide ways, and an included angle a is formed between the slide way surface and the plane of the skylight top cover shell 3-2 (as shown in the stress analysis of the self-locking condition of the slide ways in figure 5). Compared with a straight slide way, when the inclined slide way is adopted, the direction of the force applied to the locking slide block 3-8 by the locking rod 3-7 is smaller than the vertical direction of the inclined slide way, so that the force applied to the locking slide block 3-8 by the locking rod of the inclined slide way is larger in the direction vertical to the inclined slide way, and smaller in the direction parallel to the inclined slide way, and therefore, the friction force provided by the inclined slide way is smaller for making the locking slide block 3-8 static. When the force applied by the locking rod to the locking sliding blocks 3-8 is constant, the inclined slideway is easy to realize self-locking, and the reliability and stability of the device are ensured. Meanwhile, the inclined slide way is relatively straight, and the locking sliding blocks 3-8 can be still at any position in the self-locking range, so that the angle of the skylight top cover can be adjusted steplessly.

When the skylight is only used for ventilation, a hand can push the skylight top cover 3 to rotate around the skylight top cover hinge point 3-3, meanwhile, the skylight support 3-5 rotates around the skylight support hinge point 3-4 under the stirring action of the self gravity and the hand, the locking rod 3-7 rotates around the hinge point of the locking rod and the skylight support, and the locking slide block 3-8 is driven to slide along the locking slide way 3-9. Until the rubber pads 3-6 of the skylight support enter the skylight top cover supporting grooves 2-1. The roof hatch 3 is rotated at an angle relative to the passenger car roof 1 and air can enter the passenger car from the gap between the roof hatch 3 and the passenger car roof 1.

As shown in figure 6, the two ladder ladders 4 are symmetrically distributed along the transverse rods 2-4 and are hinged to the transverse rods 2-4 through the hinge points 4-6 of the ladder ladders. The high ladder 4 is connected with the transverse rods 2-4 through bearings so as to realize that the high ladder has small friction force when rotating around the transverse rods 2-4. The connection between the transverse bars 2-4 and the two ladders is symmetrical instead of crossed (as shown in the force diagram of the transverse bars in fig. 11) so as to prevent the transverse bars from being subjected to torque in the horizontal direction.

As shown in figure 6, the high ladder 4 comprises an upper high ladder 4-5 and a lower high ladder 4-1, the upper high ladder 4-5 is of a hollow structure, the lower high ladder 4-1 is arranged in the upper high ladder 4-5 in a sliding mode, lower high ladder slideways 4-7 are arranged on two sides inside the upper high ladder 4-5, a lower high ladder gliding channel 4-9 is arranged at one end, far away from a hinge point, of the upper high ladder 4-5, and the lower high ladder 4-1 can slide out of the lower high ladder slideways 4-7 and the lower high ladder gliding channels 4-9 so as to ensure that the lower high ladder 4-1 can be retracted into the upper high ladder 4-5. The tail end of the slide way at the upper end of the lower high ladder slide way 4-7 is designed with a section of circular arc, so that the phenomenon of difficulty in opening the lower high ladder 4-1 for the second time caused by sliding out of the slide way is avoided.

The upper end of the lower high ladder 4-1 is connected with the upper end of the upper high ladder 4-5 through a high ladder hydraulic mechanism 7, and the upper end of the high ladder hydraulic mechanism 7 is welded at the upper end of the upper high ladder 4-5 through upper and lower high ladder welding points 7-11. The arrangement of the lower high ladder slideway 4-7 and the lower high ladder gliding channel 4-9 lightens the bearing force of the high ladder hydraulic mechanism 7. The upper surface of the upper ladder 4-5 is provided with an upper ladder foot rest 4-3, and the upper ladder foot rest 4-3 is slightly higher than the upper surface of the upper ladder 4-5 so as to avoid interference of smooth sliding of the lower ladder 4-1. The lower high ladder 4-1 is provided with a lower high ladder pedal 4-2, and one end of the lower high ladder 4-1 close to the high ladder hydraulic mechanism 7 is provided with a lower high ladder retainer ring 4-4 so as to prevent the lower high ladder 4-1 from sliding out of a lower high ladder down sliding channel 4-9 when sliding down. The lower end of the upper ladder 4-5 is provided with an upper ladder hydraulic rod hinge point 4-8 for hinge mounting of the hydraulic rod 5.

As shown in fig. 7, the air ladder hydraulic mechanism 7 includes a hydraulic mechanism oil storage cylinder 7-5; a hydraulic mechanism working cylinder 7-8 is arranged in the hydraulic mechanism oil storage cylinder 7-5, one end of the hydraulic mechanism working cylinder 7-8 is connected with one end of the hydraulic mechanism oil storage cylinder 7-5 through a hydraulic mechanism compression valve 7-9 and a hydraulic mechanism compensation valve 7-10, the other end of the hydraulic mechanism working cylinder 7-8 is provided with a hydraulic mechanism guide seat 7-4, and the other end of the hydraulic mechanism oil storage cylinder 7-5 is provided with a hydraulic mechanism oil seal 7-3; a hydraulic mechanism piston rod 7-2 is arranged in the hydraulic mechanism working cylinder 7-8, one end of the hydraulic mechanism piston rod 7-2 penetrates through the hydraulic mechanism guide seat 7-4 and the hydraulic mechanism oil seal 7-3 to extend into the upper end part 7-1 of the lower ladder to be fixed, and the other end is connected with the hydraulic mechanism working cylinder 7-8 through a hydraulic mechanism circulation valve 7-6 and a hydraulic mechanism extension valve 7-7. The upper end of the overhead ladder hydraulic mechanism 7 is welded at the upper end of the upper overhead ladder 4-5 through upper and lower overhead ladder welding points 7-11.

The overhead ladder hydraulic mechanism can ensure that the lower overhead ladder 4-1 has a certain damping effect when sliding out, so that the lower overhead ladder 4-1 can not slide out quickly to hurt passengers once the upper overhead ladder 4-5 is inclined. And a layer of rubber sleeve is wrapped on the surface of the lower ladder 4-1 to prevent the lower ladder from quickly falling to hurt passengers. The four valve seats of the telescopic ladder hydraulic mechanism 7 adopt different valve seat springs, wherein the rigidity of the springs on the extension valve 7-7 and the compensation valve 7-10 of the hydraulic mechanism is larger, the rigidity of the springs on the flow valve 7-6 and the compression valve 7-9 of the hydraulic mechanism is smaller, and the working cylinder 7-8 of the hydraulic mechanism is divided into a left working cylinder and a right working cylinder by the flow valve 7-6 and the extension valve 7-7 of the hydraulic mechanism. When the telescopic high ladder is opened, the lower high ladder 4-1 slides out of the upper high ladder 4-5, the hydraulic mechanism 7 of the telescopic high ladder extends, the piston rod 7-2 of the hydraulic mechanism moves leftwards, the extension valve 7-7 of the hydraulic mechanism is opened, hydraulic oil flows into the right working cylinder from the left working cylinder through the extension valve 7-7 of the hydraulic mechanism, but the piston rod 7-2 of the hydraulic mechanism in the left working cylinder occupies a part of the volume, so that the hydraulic oil flowing out of the left working cylinder is not enough to supplement the volume of the right working cylinder, and the right working cylinder has a certain vacuum degree, so the compensation valve 7-10 of the hydraulic mechanism is opened, and a part of the hydraulic oil flows into the working cylinder 7-8 of the hydraulic mechanism from the oil storage cylinder 7-5 of the hydraulic mechanism through the compensation valve 7-10 of the. Because the spring stiffness of the hydraulic mechanism extension valve 7-7 and the hydraulic mechanism compensation valve 7-10 is larger, the hydraulic oil needs to overcome large damping when flowing through the two valves, so that the hydraulic mechanism extension valve has large damping effect when extending outwards, and the hydraulic mechanism compensation valve has small damping when compressing.

As shown in FIG. 8, two ends of the hydraulic rod 5 are symmetrical in structure, and each of the two ends comprises a hydraulic rod compensation valve 5-1, a hydraulic rod compression valve 5-3, a hydraulic rod oil storage cylinder 5-4, a hydraulic rod working cylinder 5-5, a hydraulic rod extension valve 5-6, a hydraulic rod circulation valve 5-7, a hydraulic rod hinge point 5-9, a hydraulic rod guide seat 5-10 and a hydraulic rod oil seal 5-11. Two ends of the hydraulic rod 5 are connected with the dust cover 5-2 through a hydraulic rod piston rod 5-8. The hydraulic rod 5 is hinged with the hinged point 4-8 of the hydraulic rod of the ascending ladder on the ascending ladder 4-5 through the hinged point 5-9 of the hydraulic rod. The hydraulic rod working cylinder 5-5 is arranged in the hydraulic rod oil storage cylinder 5-4, one end of the hydraulic rod working cylinder 5-5 and one end of the hydraulic rod oil storage cylinder 5-4 are connected with the hydraulic rod compression valve 5-3 through a hydraulic rod compensation valve 5-1, the other end of the hydraulic rod working cylinder 5-5 is provided with a hydraulic rod guide seat 5-10, and the other end of the hydraulic rod oil storage cylinder 5-4 is provided with a hydraulic rod oil seal 5-11. The two hydraulic rod oil storage cylinder barrels 5-4 are coaxially arranged and connected through a dust cover 5-2, and the hydraulic rod piston rods 5-8 are arranged in the dust cover 5-2; one end of a hydraulic rod piston rod 5-8 extends into one hydraulic rod working cylinder 5-5, the other end extends into the other hydraulic rod working cylinder 5-5, and the hydraulic rod piston rod 5-8 is connected with the hydraulic rod working cylinder 5-5 through a hydraulic rod expansion valve 5-6 and a hydraulic rod circulation valve 5-7. When the high ladder is completely opened, the hydraulic rod can be supported between 4-5 of the two high ladders to form a stable triangular structure to prevent the high ladder from further rotating. The four valve seats of the hydraulic rod hydraulic mechanism 5 adopt different valve seat springs, wherein the rigidity of the springs on the hydraulic rod expansion valve 5-6 and the hydraulic rod compensation valve 5-1 is smaller, the rigidity of the springs on the hydraulic rod circulation valve 5-7 and the hydraulic rod compression valve 5-3 is larger, and the hydraulic rod working cylinder 5-5 is divided into a left working cylinder and a right working cylinder by the hydraulic rod circulation valve 5-7 and the hydraulic rod expansion valve 5-6. When the telescopic high ladder is opened, the upper high ladder 4-5 rotates around the transverse rod 2-4, the hydraulic rod 5 is shortened, the piston rod 5-8 of the hydraulic rod moves leftwards, the circulation valve 5-7 of the hydraulic rod is opened, hydraulic oil flows into the right working cylinder from the left working cylinder through the circulation valve 5-7 of the hydraulic rod, but as the piston rod 5-8 of the hydraulic rod in the right working cylinder occupies a part of the volume, the hydraulic oil flowing out of the left working cylinder exceeds the volume which can be supplemented by the right working cylinder, the pressure of the left working cylinder rises, the compression valve 5-3 of the hydraulic rod is opened, and a part of the hydraulic oil flows to the oil storage cylinder 5-4 of the hydraulic rod from the working cylinder 5-5 of the hydraulic rod through the compression valve 5-3 of the hydraulic rod. Because the rigidity of the springs on the hydraulic rod flow valve 5-7 and the hydraulic rod compression valve 5-3 is higher, the hydraulic oil needs to overcome a larger damping when flowing through the two valves, so that the hydraulic rod flow valve has a larger damping effect when compressed and has a smaller damping effect when extended.

As shown in fig. 6, the ascending stair 4-5 has a slender hydraulic rod placing groove between two points hinged with the hydraulic rod, the width of the hydraulic rod placing groove is slightly larger than the diameter of the hydraulic rod, when the day window is closed and the ascending stair is folded, the hydraulic rod 5 can be positioned in the hydraulic rod placing groove of the ascending stair 4-5.

The hydraulic stem pin joint should have great intensity because of bearing the pressure of going up the high ladder to the hydraulic stem. When the skylight is not opened, the upper ladder and the hydraulic rod are horizontally arranged, when an emergency situation occurs and the skylight needs to be opened for escape, a person pulls the lower pull handle, the force of the lower pull handle is transmitted to the upper ladder from the lower ladder, and the upper ladder transmits the force to the hydraulic rod through the hydraulic rod hinge joint. As shown in fig. 9, since the hinge point of the hydraulic rod has a certain curvature (as the force analysis of the hinge point of the hydraulic rod and the overhead ladder in fig. 9), the hinge point of the hydraulic rod is subjected to a vertical downward force F1 and a downward force F2 (the force F2 of the hinge point at the right end is inclined downward to the left) given by the overhead ladder, and the resultant force F3 and F3 can be decomposed into a horizontal force F3x and a vertical force F3y, where F3x is the force for compressing the hydraulic rod.

As shown in figure 10, the lower pull handle 6 comprises a lower pull handle grip ring 6-3, the lower pull handle grip ring 6-3 is connected to the lower ladder foot pedal 4-2 through a droop belt 6-1, and an electromagnetic attraction block 6-2 is arranged on the droop belt 6-1 through a screw hole 6-4 and a countersunk head screw 6-5. When the skylight is closed, the pull-down handle is attracted to the top of the passenger car by electromagnetic attraction. The hand-held part of the pull-down handle grip ring 6-3 is in a corrugated shape and is attached to the hand shape of a person, so that the use comfort of passengers is improved, and the force application of the passengers is facilitated.

The electromagnetic device is arranged on the top 1 of the passenger car, when the passenger car runs safely, the electromagnetic device enables the upper ladder 4-5 to be adsorbed on the top 1 of the passenger car, and the electromagnetic attraction blocks 6-2 of the pull-down handles 6 at two ends are adsorbed on the top 1 of the passenger car, so that the passengers are prevented from moving in the car due to the fact that the passengers droop. When an emergency happens, the electromagnetic device in the car is powered off, the skylight top cover 3 is separated from the attraction of the electromagnetic device, meanwhile, the electromagnetic attraction blocks 6-2 of the two pull-down handles 6 are separated from the roof 1 of the passenger car, and the pull-down handles 6 hang down. Passengers hold the two pull-down handle grip rings 6-3 at the same time and pull the two pull-down handle grip rings downwards with little effort, the drooping belt 6-1 above the grip rings applies downward tension to the lower step ladder pedal 4-2 at the lowest stage of the lower step ladder 4-1, the lower step ladder 4-1 transmits the force to the upper step ladder 4-5 through the welding points 7-11 of the upper step ladder and the slide way 4-7 of the lower step ladder, the upper step ladder 4-5 passes through the hinge point 4-8 of the hydraulic rod of the upper step ladder, an obliquely downward resultant force is generated to the hydraulic rod 5, the component of the resultant force in the horizontal direction urges the hydraulic rod 5 to be compressed, the compression valve 5-3 is opened, the hydraulic oil flows from the working cylinder 5-5 to the oil storage cylinder 5-4 through the compression valve 5-3, the hydraulic rod 5 can only be shortened slowly, since the passage is too small and the hydraulic oil is damped when flowing through it. After the hydraulic rod 5 is compressed, the upper ladder 4-5 rotates around the hinge point 4-6 of the upper ladder, and the included angle between the upper ladder 4-5 and the roof 1 of the passenger car is enlarged. The passenger continues to apply force to the handle holding ring 6-3 of the pull-down handle, the lower ladder 4-1 slides downwards along the lower ladder slide rail 4-7 under the action of self gravity, meanwhile, the ladder hydraulic mechanism 7 extends, the extension valve 7-7 is opened, hydraulic oil flows to the working cylinder barrel 7-8 from the oil storage cylinder barrel 7-5 through the compensation valve 7-10, and due to the damping effect when the hydraulic oil circulates, the ladder hydraulic mechanism 7 can only extend slowly, so that the passenger is prevented from being accidentally injured due to sudden falling of the ladder 4-1. When the hydraulic rod 5 is completely compressed, the included angle between the upper ladder 4-5 and the roof 1 of the passenger car reaches the maximum value, and at the moment, the lower ladder retainer ring 4-4 is clamped in the lower ladder sliding channel 4-9 to prevent the lower ladder from further sliding downwards. The high ladder is completely opened and is stable, and passengers can step on the lower high ladder pedal 4-2 and the upper high ladder pedal 4-3 to climb upwards. After the passenger reaches the roof, a single hand pushes upwards to open the skylight top cover 3, the skylight top cover 3 rotates around a hinge point 3-3 of the skylight top cover, after a channel is opened, two rope ladder grooves 2-3 are exposed, the rope ladders in the grooves are taken out and hang down from two side faces in the running direction of the passenger car, one end of each rope ladder is connected with the hinge point 2-2 of each rope ladder, and the other end of each rope ladder hangs down freely, so that the passenger climbing device can be used for climbing passengers.

When passengers finish the evacuation and need to close the skylight, firstly the rope ladder is folded and placed in the rope ladder groove 2-3, then the skylight top cover bracket 3-5 is held by hands from the interior of the passenger car, and the skylight top cover 3 is closed until the sealing ring 3-1 completely seals the skylight opening 2 of the roof of the passenger car. The sunroof cover 3 can be attached to the passenger car roof 1 by means of an electromagnetic device of the passenger car roof. Secondly, a user holds the lowest-level lower ladder pedals 4-2 of the two lower ladders 4-1 by hands at the same time and lifts the lower ladder pedals upwards with a little force, so that the upper ladder 4-5 rotates around the hinge joint 4-6 of the upper ladder, the hydraulic rod 5 extends at the same time, the hydraulic mechanism 7 of the upper ladder is shortened, and the lower ladder 4-1 retracts into the upper ladder 4-5. The person continues to lift upwards until the two upper ladders 4-5 are parallel to the roof 1 of the passenger car, the hydraulic rod 5 is fully opened, and the ladder hydraulic mechanism 7 is fully compressed. At the moment, the electromagnetic attraction blocks 6-2 of the two pull-down handles 6 are attracted to the roof 1 of the passenger car, and the skylight is completely closed.