阅读说明：本技术 一种用于制备卫生陶瓷的耐磨釉料及制备卫生陶瓷的方法 (Wear-resistant glaze for preparing sanitary ceramics and method for preparing sanitary ceramics ) 是由 潘欢欢 伍军玲 钟保民 白静静 徐瑜 于 2019-11-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于制备卫生陶瓷的耐磨釉料,按照质量百分比包括以下组分：石英24～28％、长石20～32％、硅灰石6～13％、硅酸锆8～12％、苏州土5～10％、方解石5～10％、氧化锌2～5％、刚玉2～5％、熔块2～5％、白云石2～5％、烧滑石2～5％和甲基纤维素0.2～0.5％。本技术方案提出的一种用于制备卫生陶瓷的耐磨釉料,调整长石、硅灰石的使用量来提高配方成分的Al/Si比,增加提高耐磨性的原料氧化锌、烧滑石和硅酸锆的添加比例,从而整体降低卫生陶瓷的釉面磨损量,提高光泽度。进而提出一种使用上述用于制备卫生陶瓷的耐磨釉料制备卫生陶瓷的制备方法,使得制成的卫生陶瓷表面光滑细腻,其釉面磨耗量平均值降低至70～80mg,并且耐磨度高、使用寿命长,其光泽度高达95～105GU。(The invention discloses a wear-resistant glaze for preparing sanitary ceramics, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 24-28% of quartz, 20-32% of feldspar, 6-13% of wollastonite, 8-12% of zirconium silicate, 5-10% of Suzhou soil, 5-10% of calcite, 2-5% of zinc oxide, 2-5% of corundum, 2-5% of frit, 2-5% of dolomite, 2-5% of calcined talc and 0.2-0.5% of methyl cellulose. The wear-resistant glaze for preparing the sanitary ceramics, which is provided by the technical scheme, improves the Al/Si ratio of the formula components by adjusting the use amount of feldspar and wollastonite, and increases the addition proportion of the raw materials of zinc oxide, calcined talc and zirconium silicate for improving the wear resistance, thereby integrally reducing the glaze surface abrasion loss of the sanitary ceramics and improving the glossiness. And further providing a preparation method for preparing the sanitary ceramic by using the wear-resistant glaze for preparing the sanitary ceramic, so that the prepared sanitary ceramic has smooth and fine surface, the average abrasion loss of the glaze surface is reduced to 70-80 mg, the wear resistance is high, the service life is long, and the glossiness is as high as 95-105 GU.)

1. The wear-resistant glaze for preparing sanitary ceramics is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 24-28% of quartz, 20-32% of feldspar, 6-13% of wollastonite, 8-12% of zirconium silicate, 5-10% of Suzhou soil, 5-10% of calcite, 2-5% of zinc oxide, 2-5% of corundum, 2-5% of frit, 2-5% of dolomite, 2-5% of calcined talc and 0.2-0.5% of methyl cellulose.

2. The wear-resistant glaze for sanitary ceramics according to claim 1, wherein: the feldspar comprises 13-20% of albite and 6-12% of potassium feldspar according to mass percentage.

3. The wear-resistant glaze for sanitary ceramics according to claim 2, wherein: the potassium oxide content of the potassium feldspar is more than or equal to 11%.

4. The wear-resistant glaze for sanitary ceramics according to claim 1, wherein: the mass of zirconium silicate with the particle diameter of less than 5 mu m in the zirconium silicate is more than 80 percent of the total mass of the zirconium silicate.

5. The wear-resistant glaze for sanitary ceramics according to claim 1, wherein: the sieve residue of the corundum sieved by a 325-mesh sieve is less than 6 percent.

6. The wear-resistant glaze for sanitary ceramics according to claim 1, wherein: the frit is a high-zinc opaque frit.

7. The wear-resistant glaze for sanitary ceramics according to claim 6, wherein: the frit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO2₂56％、Al₂O₃18％、CaO 13％、ZnO 3.95％、K₂O3.95％、Na₂0.6% of O, 1.0% of MgO and B₂O₃3.5％。

8. The method for preparing sanitary ceramics by using the wear-resistant glaze for preparing sanitary ceramics according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

A. pre-ball milling: weighing the frits according to the formula amount, and performing ball milling on the frits according to the formula amount in advance;

B. ball milling: weighing other raw materials except the frit according to the formula amount, mixing the other raw materials according to the formula amount with the ball-milled frit obtained in the step A, and adding water for ball milling to obtain glaze slurry, wherein the addition amount of the water is 40-45% of the total amount of the raw materials;

C. sieving to remove iron: screening the glaze slip obtained in the step B through a 160-200-mesh screen, and removing iron;

D. glazing: glazing the sanitary ceramic body, wherein the thickness of a glaze layer of the sanitary ceramic body is 0.8-1.2 mm;

E. and (3) drying: d, placing the glazed sanitary ceramic obtained in the step D in a drying room at 50 ℃ for drying, and then transferring the sanitary ceramic into a drying kiln for drying;

f: and (3) firing: and E, placing the sanitary ceramic dried in the step E into a kiln to be fired at a high temperature of 1205-1220 ℃.

9. The method for preparing sanitary ceramics according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the step B, the mass of the raw materials with the granularity of less than 10 mu m in the glaze slip is 58-65% of the total mass of the raw materials.

10. The method for preparing sanitary ceramics according to claim 8, wherein in the step B, the glaze slip comprises the following components by mass percent: SiO2₂56～62％、Al₂O₃10～11％、CaO 8～11.5％、ZrO₂5～7％、ZnO 2～5％、K2O 1.5～2.5％、Na₂O 1.2～1.8％、MgO 1.5～2.5％、B₂O₃0.1-0.2% and BaO 0-0.04%.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of sanitary ceramics, in particular to a wear-resistant glaze material for preparing the sanitary ceramics and a method for preparing the sanitary ceramics.

Background

In recent years, with the increase of the level of consumer demand, the requirements on the smooth surface, the beautiful appearance and the self-cleaning effect of the sanitary ceramic product are increased, and higher requirements are also put forward on the use characteristics of the product. In daily use and cleaning and scrubbing processes of sanitary ceramic products such as squatting pans, closestools, wash basins and the like, due to frequent abrasion of contact surfaces of the products, the reduction of the glossiness of glaze surfaces and the lightening of colors are easy to occur, so that dirt is infiltrated and bacteria are propagated, and the service life of the sanitary ceramic is seriously shortened.

The wear resistance of the surface of a glazed tile is measured according to a GB/T3810.7-2016 ceramic tile test method, when the grinding revolution is 6000 revolutions, the average value of the wear loss of the glazed tile is 105-120 mg, the glossiness is 85-92 GU, but the glaze in the wear value range still easily generates grinding marks and hides dirt in the daily use process, and the wear loss and the glossiness requirements of the glazed tile of the sanitary ceramic are far met.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a wear-resistant glaze material for preparing sanitary ceramics, which is characterized in that the use amounts of feldspar and wollastonite are adjusted to improve the Al/Si ratio of the components in the formula, and the addition proportions of zinc oxide, calcined talc and zirconium silicate which are used as raw materials for improving the wear resistance are increased, so that the glaze surface wear amount of the sanitary ceramics is integrally reduced, and the glossiness is improved.

The invention also aims to provide a preparation method for preparing the sanitary ceramic by using the wear-resistant glaze for preparing the sanitary ceramic, so that the prepared sanitary ceramic has smooth and fine surface, the average abrasion loss of the glaze surface is reduced to 70-80 mg, the wear resistance is high, the service life is long, and the glossiness is as high as 95-105 GU.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a wear-resistant glaze for preparing sanitary ceramics comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 24-28% of quartz, 20-32% of feldspar, 6-13% of wollastonite, 8-12% of zirconium silicate, 5-10% of Suzhou soil, 5-10% of calcite, 2-5% of zinc oxide, 2-5% of corundum, 2-5% of frit, 2-5% of dolomite, 2-5% of calcined talc and 0.2-0.5% of methyl cellulose.

Preferably, the feldspar comprises 13-20% of albite and 6-12% of potassium feldspar according to mass percentage.

Preferably, the potassium oxide content of the potassium feldspar is more than or equal to 11 percent.

Preferably, the mass of zirconium silicate with the particle size of less than 5 μm in the zirconium silicate is more than 80% of the total mass of zirconium silicate.

Preferably, the corundum is sieved by a 325-mesh sieve, and the sieve residue is less than 6%.

Preferably, the frit is a high zinc opaque frit.

Preferably, the frit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 256% of SiO, 318% of Al2O, 13% of CaO, 3.95% of ZnO, 3.95% of K2O 3.95, 0.6% of Na2O 0.6, 1.0% of MgO1 and B2O33.5%.

A method for preparing sanitary ceramics by using the wear-resistant glaze for preparing the sanitary ceramics, which comprises the following steps:

A. pre-ball milling: weighing the frits according to the formula amount, and performing ball milling on the frits according to the formula amount in advance;

B. ball milling: weighing other raw materials except the frit according to the formula amount, mixing the other raw materials according to the formula amount with the ball-milled frit obtained in the step A, and adding water for ball milling to obtain glaze slurry, wherein the addition amount of the water is 40-45% of the total amount of the raw materials;

C. sieving to remove iron: screening the glaze slip obtained in the step B through a 160-200-mesh screen, and removing iron;

D. glazing: glazing the sanitary ceramic body, wherein the thickness of a glaze layer of the sanitary ceramic body is 0.8-1.2 mm;

E. and (3) drying: d, placing the glazed sanitary ceramic obtained in the step D in a drying room at 50 ℃ for drying, and then transferring the sanitary ceramic into a drying kiln for drying;

f: and (3) firing: and E, placing the sanitary ceramic dried in the step E into a kiln to be fired at a high temperature of 1205-1220 ℃.

Preferably, in the step B, the mass of the raw materials with the particle size of less than 10 μm in the glaze slip is 58-65% of the total mass of the raw materials.

Preferably, in the step B, the glaze slip comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 256-62% of SiO, 310-11% of Al2O, 8-11.5% of CaO, 78-7% of ZrO 25, 2-5% of ZnO, 1.5-2.5% of K2O 1.5, 1.2-1.8% of Na2O1.2, 1.5-2.5% of MgO, B2O30.1-0.2% of MgO and 0-0.04% of BaO.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the wear-resistant glaze for preparing the sanitary ceramics, which is provided by the technical scheme, improves the Al/Si ratio of the formula components by adjusting the use amount of feldspar and wollastonite, and increases the addition proportion of the raw materials of zinc oxide, calcined talc and zirconium silicate for improving the wear resistance, thereby integrally reducing the glaze surface abrasion loss of the sanitary ceramics and improving the glossiness. And further providing a preparation method for preparing the sanitary ceramic by using the wear-resistant glaze for preparing the sanitary ceramic, so that the prepared sanitary ceramic has smooth and fine surface, the average abrasion loss of the glaze surface is reduced to 70-80 mg, the wear resistance is high, the service life is long, and the glossiness is as high as 95-105 GU.

Detailed Description

A wear-resistant glaze for preparing sanitary ceramics comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 24-28% of quartz, 20-32% of feldspar, 6-13% of wollastonite, 8-12% of zirconium silicate, 5-10% of Suzhou soil, 5-10% of calcite, 2-5% of zinc oxide, 2-5% of corundum, 2-5% of frit, 2-5% of dolomite, 2-5% of calcined talc and 0.2-0.5% of methyl cellulose.

The wear resistance of the surface of a glazed tile is measured according to a GB/T3810.7-2016 ceramic tile test method, the average value of the wear loss of the glazed tile is 105-120 mg, and the glossiness is 85-92 GU, but the glazed tile with the wear value range still easily generates grinding marks and dirt hiding phenomena in the daily use process, and the wear loss and the glossiness requirements of the glazed tile of the sanitary ceramic are far met. In the existing ceramic tile, the main reason for the low abrasion value of the glaze surface is that the Al/Si ratio of the formula components is low, and meanwhile, because high abrasion-resistant raw materials are not used or the addition proportion of the abrasion-resistant raw materials is insufficient, the abrasion resistance and the glaze surface glossiness are low, and the service life is short.

In order to further reduce the glaze abrasion loss of the sanitary ceramic and improve the glossiness, the technical scheme provides the wear-resistant glaze, the Al/Si ratio of the components of the formula is improved by adjusting the use amount of feldspar and wollastonite, the Al/Si ratio of the sanitary ceramic glaze reaches 5.7-6.0 and is 2.8-3.1 higher than that of a common ceramic tile glaze, so that the glass phase of the glaze is reduced, the mullite crystal phase is increased, and the purpose of improving the glossiness is achieved. And the adding proportion of the wear-resistant raw materials of zinc oxide, calcined talc and zirconium silicate is increased and improved, so that the wear resistance and the glossiness of the sanitary ceramic product using the wear-resistant raw materials are integrally improved.

Specifically, the wear-resistant glaze material in the technical scheme comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 24-28% of quartz, 20-32% of feldspar, 6-13% of wollastonite, 8-12% of zirconium silicate, 5-10% of Suzhou soil, 5-10% of calcite, 2-5% of zinc oxide, 2-5% of corundum, 2-5% of frit, 2-5% of dolomite, 2-5% of calcined talc and 0.2-0.5% of methyl cellulose. The quartz being SiO₂The components mainly provide raw materials and also form a glaze glass phase, and the mass percentage of the components determines the Al/Si ratio of the components in the formula, directly influences the melting temperature and viscosity of the glaze and further influences the wear resistance of the glaze. Feldspar and wollastonite are also SiO₂The components are mainly provided as raw materials and are prepared byThe Al/Si ratio of the components in the formula can be effectively improved by adjusting the use amount of feldspar and wollastonite. The zirconium silicate mainly plays the roles of an opacifier and a whitening agent, the addition amount of the zirconium silicate needs to meet the mass percentage range of whiteness requirements, and the zirconium silicate is added into a formula system and has an effect of improving the wear resistance. The calcite and the dolomite mainly play a role in fluxing in a formula system, wherein the sintering temperature of the dolomite is easier to widen than that of calcium carbonate in the calcite due to magnesium carbonate contained in the dolomite, the quartz fusion and the mullite crystal can be effectively promoted by the mutual matching of the magnesium carbonate contained in the dolomite and the calcium carbonate contained in the calcite, but the dosage of the two substances needs to be strictly controlled. The zinc oxide mainly plays a role in fluxing in a formula system, is matched with calcite and dolomite for use, plays a larger role in improving the glossiness of a glaze surface, can increase the mechanical elasticity of the glaze and the strength of the glaze within a certain range, has unobvious functions of increasing the mechanical elasticity of the glaze and the strength of the glaze when the content of the zinc oxide is less than 2 percent, and easily causes the phenomenon of low temperature and even crystallization of the glaze surface when the content of the zinc oxide is more than 5 percent. The methyl cellulose is used as a binder and added into a formula system of the wear-resistant glaze, so that the adhesion capability of the glaze can be improved, the breakage rate of a dried blank body can be reduced, and the adhesion force of the glaze and the strength of a glaze layer can be enhanced.

Further, the feldspar comprises 13-20% of albite and 6-12% of potassium feldspar according to mass percentage.

Because the technical scheme improves the Al/Si ratio of the formula components by mainly adjusting the use amount of the feldspar and the wollastonite, in order to further promote the mutual matching of the feldspar and the wollastonite and stabilize the formula system of the wear-resistant glaze, the albite and the potassium feldspar are matched in the technical scheme, and the albite and the potassium feldspar are Al in the formula system₂O₃The provided raw materials can play a role in reducing the sintering melting temperature, promote the formation of mullite crystals and enhance the wear resistance, and particularly, the albite has lower viscosity than potassium feldspar and can be beneficial to improving the high-temperature fluidity of the whole glaze.

Preferably, the wear-resistant glaze comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 26% of quartz, 20% of albite, 6% of potassium feldspar, 8.7% of wollastonite, 7.5% of zirconium silicate, 8% of Suzhou soil, 8% of calcite, 4% of zinc oxide, 3% of corundum, 3% of clinker, 2% of dolomite, 3.5% of calcined talc and 0.3% of methyl cellulose.

Further, the potassium oxide content of the potassium feldspar is more than or equal to 11 percent.

Further, the mass of zirconium silicate having a particle size of less than 5 μm among the zirconium silicates is more than 80% of the total mass of zirconium silicate.

Further, the corundum has a screen residue of less than 6% when screened through a 325 mesh screen.

In addition, the frit is a high-zinc opaque frit.

The frit plays a role of a flux, and the high-zinc opaque frit is preferably selected in the technical scheme mainly because of high initial melting temperature, wide application range, high blank glaze binding degree and good glossiness after firing. The glaze with wide range can effectively improve the glaze quality, but the dosage needs to be controlled, and if the dosage is too much, the glaze is easy to have the defects of pinholes and the like.

Further, the frit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO2₂56％、Al₂O₃18％、CaO 13％、ZnO 3.95％、K₂O 3.95％、Na₂0.6% of O, 1.0% of MgO and B₂O₃3.5％。

The method for preparing the sanitary ceramic by using the wear-resistant glaze for preparing the sanitary ceramic comprises the following steps:

A. pre-ball milling: weighing the frits according to the formula amount, and performing ball milling on the frits according to the formula amount in advance;

B. ball milling: weighing other raw materials except the frit according to the formula amount, mixing the other raw materials according to the formula amount with the ball-milled frit obtained in the step A, and adding water for ball milling to obtain glaze slurry, wherein the addition amount of the water is 40-45% of the total amount of the raw materials;

C. sieving to remove iron: screening the glaze slip obtained in the step B through a 160-200-mesh screen, and removing iron;

D. glazing: glazing the sanitary ceramic body, wherein the thickness of a glaze layer of the sanitary ceramic body is 0.8-1.2 mm;

E. and (3) drying: d, placing the glazed sanitary ceramic obtained in the step D in a drying room at 50 ℃ for drying, and then transferring the sanitary ceramic into a drying kiln for drying;

f: and (3) firing: and E, placing the sanitary ceramic dried in the step E into a kiln to be fired at a high temperature of 1205-1220 ℃.

The technical scheme also provides a preparation method for preparing the sanitary ceramic by using the wear-resistant glaze, and the wear-resistant glaze is matched with the use of the wear-resistant glaze, so that the prepared sanitary ceramic has smooth and fine surface, the average abrasion loss of the glaze surface is reduced to 70-80 mg, the wear resistance is high, the service life is long, and the glossiness is as high as 95-105 GU.

Specifically, the technical scheme optimizes the steps of the following preparation method:

firstly, the frit is subjected to ball pre-milling treatment in the step A, and because the volume of the frit cannot be compared with that of other raw materials, in order to improve the ball-milling efficiency and glaze quality of the whole glaze raw material, the frit is removed for ball pre-milling treatment, so that the improvement of the smoothness, fineness and glossiness of the glaze surface is facilitated, and the number of pinholes is reduced.

And secondly, in the step C, the glaze slip is sieved by a sieve of 160-200 meshes and deironing is carried out, the glaze slip is subjected to impurity removal and particle size distribution optimization, the reaction density of the glaze surface can be effectively improved, and the abrasion resistance is further improved.

In step B, the mass of the raw materials with the particle size of less than 10 μm in the glaze slip is 58-65% of the total mass of the raw materials.

The effect is as follows: furthermore, the technical scheme also strictly controls the granularity of the glaze slurry in the step B so as to further improve the glaze quality and reduce the abrasion.

Further, in the step B, the glaze slip comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 256-62% of SiO, 310-11% of Al2O, 8-11.5% of CaO, 78-7% of ZrO 25, 2-5% of ZnO, 1.5-2.5% of K2O 1.5, 1.2-1.8% of Na2O1.5%, 1.5-2.5% of MgO, B2O30.1-0.2% and 0-0.04% of BaO.

The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments.