阅读说明：本技术 一种基于压电陶瓷的驻波型磁斥力单向旋转电机 (Standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramic ) 是由 杨小辉 张东东 宋汝君 王瑶瑶 于 2019-05-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：基于压电陶瓷的驻波型磁斥力单向旋转电机,涉及压电驱动技术领域。它解决了现有压电驱动器由于材料磨损引起的寿命短、转速低等问题。本发明包括环形压电陶瓷片、环形金属基体、矩形磁块和永磁体转子；在压电陶瓷上施加单相脉动直流电压时,由环形压电陶瓷片和环形金属基体组成的定子弹性复合体会激励出轴向弯曲振动驻波,该轴向弯曲振动驻波会不断地改变粘贴在定子上的矩形磁块与永磁体转子之间的相对角度,最终通过磁体之间的同极斥力的侧向分力实现驱动。本发明可以应用于非接触驱动领域。(A standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramics relates to the technical field of piezoelectric drive. The piezoelectric actuator solves the problems of short service life, low rotating speed and the like caused by material abrasion of the conventional piezoelectric actuator. The piezoelectric ceramic comprises an annular piezoelectric ceramic piece, an annular metal matrix, a rectangular magnetic block and a permanent magnet rotor; when single-phase pulsating direct current voltage is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic, the stator elastic composite body consisting of the annular piezoelectric ceramic piece and the annular metal matrix can excite axial bending vibration standing waves, the axial bending vibration standing waves can continuously change the relative angle between the rectangular magnetic block and the permanent magnet rotor, which are stuck on the stator, and finally the driving is realized through the lateral component force of homopolar repulsion force between the magnets. The invention can be applied to the field of non-contact driving.)

1. A standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramics comprises an annular piezoelectric ceramic piece (1), an annular metal matrix (2), a rectangular magnetic block (3) and a permanent magnet rotor (4); the annular piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) and the rectangular magnetic block (3) are respectively arranged and stuck on the upper surface and the lower surface of the annular metal base body (2) according to a certain position; the permanent magnet rotor (4) is of an annular structure and is positioned right above the rectangular magnetic block (3).

2. The piezoelectric ceramic based standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular piezoelectric ceramic plate (1) and the annular metal substrate (2) are bonded to form an elastic composite body, and a single-phase pulsating direct current voltage is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic by means of d of the piezoelectric ceramic₃₁The working mode realizes the excitation of the axial bending vibration mode of the elastic complex.

3. The annular piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) is divided into 2n equal sectors along the circumferential direction of the lower end surface of the annular metal base body (2), each sector corresponds to one half of the wavelength of standing waves, the polarization directions of the annular piezoelectric ceramic pieces of the two adjacent sectors are opposite, and a ring B (0, n) -order axial bending vibration mode can be generated through the excitation mode.

4. The piezoelectric ceramic based standing wave type magnetic repulsion one-way rotating motor is characterized in that the degree of freedom of the permanent magnet rotor (4) in the vertical direction is limited, the rectangular magnetic blocks (3) are adhered to the upper surface of the annular metal matrix (2) according to a circular ring circumferential array, the centers of the rectangular magnetic blocks (3) are located at standing wave nodes, and two adjacent rectangular magnetic blocks are spaced by one wavelength, so that each magnetic block forms an effective horizontal magnetic repulsion force component to drive the permanent magnet rotor to rotate anticlockwise (or clockwise) together.

5. The standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramics as claimed in claims 1 and 2 is characterized in that standing wave amplitude generated by the annular metal matrix (2) changes periodically, and then relative angle between the rectangular magnetic block (3) and the permanent magnet rotor (4) is continuously changed, so that the rectangular magnetic block (3) generates horizontal magnetic repulsion force component to the permanent magnet rotor (4) to continuously drive the permanent magnet rotor to rotate at high speed.

6. The standing wave type magnetic repulsion one-way rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramic according to claim 1 is characterized in that the single-phase pulsating direct current applied to the annular piezoelectric ceramic plate (1) is direct current with a constant direction and a time-varying magnitude, and the amplitude of the axial bending vibration standing wave waveform generated under the voltage excitation is always changed in a single direction, namely, the half-wavelength interval at the wave crest is always convex, and the half-wavelength interval at the wave trough is always concave.

7. A piezoelectric ceramic-based standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotary electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of the annular metal matrix (2) coincides with the axis of the permanent magnet rotor (4).

Technical Field

The invention relates to a standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramics, and belongs to the technical field of piezoelectric ultrasonic motors.

Background

The existing piezoelectric driving technology mainly utilizes the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramics to convert electric energy into mechanical energy, a stator of a piezoelectric driver is usually a composite elastic body with a specific shape consisting of the piezoelectric ceramics and a metal elastic body, and the excitation of the same-frequency mechanical vibration in the stator elastic body is realized by applying alternating voltage with ultrasonic frequency to the piezoelectric ceramics, so that a motion track with a driving effect is formed at a mass point in a stator driving area; and further, the output of the macroscopic motion of the rotor is realized through the friction coupling between the stator and the rotor. The piezoelectric actuator has the advantages of low speed, large torque, no need of a speed change mechanism, high response speed and the like, and has very wide application as a piezoelectric actuator.

The conventional piezoelectric driver adopts friction coupling driving, so that the problems of short service life, low rotating speed and the like exist, and the application range is severely restricted.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems of short service life and low rotating speed of the existing piezoelectric driver caused by friction coupling between a stator and a rotor, the piezoelectric ceramic-based standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor is provided.

The standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramics comprises an annular piezoelectric ceramic piece (1), an annular metal matrix (2), a rectangular magnetic block (3) and a permanent magnet rotor (4); the annular piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) and the rectangular magnetic block (3) are respectively arranged and stuck on the upper surface and the lower surface of the annular metal base body (2) according to a certain position; the permanent magnet rotor (4) is of an annular structure and is positioned right above the rectangular magnetic block (3).

The annular piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) and the annular metal substrate (2) of the standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on the piezoelectric ceramic form an elastic complex body in a pasting mode, and a single-phase pulsating direct current voltage is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic by means of d of the piezoelectric ceramic₃₁The working mode realizes the excitation of the axial bending vibration mode of the elastic complex. The annular piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) is divided into 2n equal sectors along the circumferential direction of the lower end surface of the annular metal base body (2), each sector corresponds to one half of the wavelength of standing waves, the polarization directions of the annular piezoelectric ceramic pieces of the two adjacent sectors are opposite, and a ring B (0, n) -order axial bending vibration mode can be generated through the excitation mode.

The degree of freedom of a permanent magnet rotor (4) of the standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramics in the vertical direction is limited, the rectangular magnetic blocks (3) are adhered to the upper surface of an annular metal matrix (2) according to a circular ring circumferential array, the centers of the rectangular magnetic blocks (3) are located at standing wave nodes, and two adjacent rectangular magnetic blocks are spaced by one wavelength, so that each magnetic block can form an effective horizontal magnetic repulsion force component to drive the permanent magnet rotor to rotate anticlockwise (or clockwise) together.

According to the standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramics, the standing wave amplitude value generated by the annular metal matrix (2) is periodically changed, so that the relative angle between the rectangular magnetic block (3) and the permanent magnet rotor (4) is continuously changed, the rectangular magnetic block (3) generates a horizontal magnetic repulsion force component to the permanent magnet rotor (4), and the permanent magnet rotor is continuously driven to rotate at a high speed.

The standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramics applies single-phase pulsating direct current to the annular piezoelectric ceramic plate (1), the direction of the single-phase pulsating direct current is unchanged, but the magnitude of the single-phase pulsating direct current changes along with time, the amplitude of the axial bending vibration standing wave waveform generated under the voltage excitation is always changed in a single direction, namely, the half-wavelength interval at the wave crest is always convex, and the half-wavelength interval at the wave trough is always concave.

The axis of an annular metal matrix (2) of the piezoelectric ceramic-based standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor is superposed with the axis of a permanent magnet rotor (4).

The rod type magnetic repulsion force driving method based on the piezoelectric ceramics has the advantages that no friction exists between the stator and the rotor of the driver, the service life of the driver is long, the rotating speed is high, the processing and the assembly are simple and convenient, and the serialization and the commercialization are convenient to realize.

The invention is suitable for the field of non-contact driving.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structural view of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the polarization division of the piezoelectric ceramic of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the piezoelectric ceramic electrode connection of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a driving diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an axial bending vibration mode diagram of the annular metal substrate of the present invention.

Detailed Description