阅读说明：本技术 用于电蓄能单元的状态识别的分流电阻 (Shunt resistor for state recognition of an electrical energy storage unit ) 是由 C.齐瓦诺波洛斯 S.贝格曼 于 2018-05-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种用于电蓄能单元(1)的状态识别的分流电阻(2),其中所述分流电阻(2)具有第一层(4)、第二层(6)和第三层(8)。在此,按照本发明,所述层(4、6、8)沿着堆叠方向(V)分层地布置,其中所述第二层(6)布置在所述第一层(4)与所述第三层(8)之间,而且其中所述层(4、6、8)分别以分别具有最大表面的侧面之一来彼此保持物理接触,而且其中所述层(4、6、8)至少部分重叠地布置。(A shunt resistor (2) for state recognition of an electrical energy storage cell (1), wherein the shunt resistor (2) has a first layer (4), a second layer (6) and a third layer (8). According to the invention, the layers (4, 6, 8) are arranged in layers along a stacking direction (V), wherein the second layer (6) is arranged between the first layer (4) and the third layer (8), and wherein the layers (4, 6, 8) are each held in physical contact with one another with one of the sides having the largest surface in each case, and wherein the layers (4, 6, 8) are arranged at least partially overlapping.)

1. A shunt resistance (2) for state recognition of an electrical energy storage cell (1), wherein the shunt resistance (2) has a first layer (4), a second layer (6) and a third layer (8), characterized in that the layers (4, 6, 8) are arranged in layers along a stacking direction (V), wherein the second layer (6) is arranged between the first layer (4) and the third layer (8), and wherein the layers are each held in physical contact with one another with one of the sides each having a largest surface, and wherein the layers (4, 6, 8) are arranged at least partially overlapping.

2. The shunt resistance (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual layers (4, 6, 8) of the shunt resistance (2) are arranged in the direction of the longitudinal axis (11) of the layers and/or of the transverse axis (13) of the layers in such a way that a stepped profile (10) is formed in the case of a lamination of the individual layers (4, 6, 8) in the stacking direction (V), whereby in particular the surfaces of the individual layers (4, 6, 8) are at least partially accessible in the stacking direction.

3. A shunt resistance (2) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual layers (4, 6, 8) of the shunt resistance (2) have different lengths in the direction of the longitudinal axis (11) of the layers (4, 6, 8) and/or the transverse axis (13) of the layers (4, 6, 8).

4. A shunt resistance (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shunt resistance (2) is provided with at least one recess (9).

5. A shunt resistor (2) according to claim 4, characterized in that the area of the shunt resistor (2) is reduced by means of the size of the at least one recess (9) such that a predefined resistance value of the shunt resistor (2) is achieved.

6. A shunt resistance (2) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual layers (4, 6, 8) of the shunt resistance (2) are welded to each other.

7. A shunt resistance (2) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said second layer (6) comprises a copper-nickel-manganese alloy.

8. A shunt resistance (2) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first layer (4) and the third layer (8) comprise the materials copper and/or aluminium, respectively.

9. An electronic energy storage unit (1) having a shunt resistor (2) according to one of the preceding claims.

10. Method for producing a shunt resistor (2) for state recognition of an electrical energy storage cell (1), wherein the shunt resistor (2) has a first layer (4), a second layer (6) and a third layer (8) and furthermore the layers (4, 6, 8) are arranged in layers along a stacking direction (V), wherein the second layer (6) is arranged between the first layer (4) and the third layer (8), and wherein the layers (4, 6, 8) are each brought into physical contact with one another with one of the side faces each having a maximum surface of a layer, such that the layers (4, 6, 8) are arranged at least partially overlapping.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the individual layers (4, 6, 8) of the shunt resistance (2) are arranged in the direction of a longitudinal axis (11) of the layers (4, 6, 8) and/or a transverse axis (13) of the layers (4, 6, 8) such that a stepped profile (10) is formed in the case of a lamination of the individual layers (4, 6, 8) in the stacking direction (V), whereby in particular surfaces of the individual layers (4, 6, 8) become at least partially accessible in the stacking direction (V).

Technical Field

The invention relates to a shunt resistor for detecting the state of an electrical energy storage cell having the features of the preamble of claim 1. A corresponding method for providing a shunt resistance is also provided.

Background

In particular in the field of vehicles, for example in motor vehicles, electrical energy storage systems, for example battery systems, which are composed of a plurality of electrical energy storage cells, play an increasing role. In this case, the electrical energy storage system and in particular the individual electrical energy storage units are usually monitored by an electronic management system, which in the automotive field is usually a battery management system. An important part of such a battery management system may be electronic battery sensors that accurately detect the voltage, amperage and temperature of the corresponding electrical energy storage cells at intervals of time. The recorded data can be processed by a central control device or by a control device integrated in the electronic battery sensor, for example. The corresponding analysis is forwarded as a signal to the onboard power supply system of the respective motor vehicle, so that further actions can be carried out by the onboard power supply system control device located there.

By means of the shunt resistor, the current is usually measured and stored continuously, i.e. also during the sleep phase of the respective battery pack. Thereby, not only the amount of remaining charge of the battery pack can be determined, but this enables a comparison with previous values, so that an understanding about the aging and possible remaining service life of the battery pack or battery cell is possible. Therefore, by current measurement of the shunt resistance, the battery system can be better monitored. In general, the shunt resistor can be used anywhere a current measurement is required.

The shunt resistance is here usually a measuring bridge made of copper/copper-nickel-manganese/copper. The voltage fluctuations occurring in the measuring bridge are evaluated and forwarded as a signal to a corresponding on-board electrical system or control device in the motor vehicle.

In the publication KR 101448936, a shunt resistance module is described, which can be connected to the poles of a battery pack by means of screw connections.

In the publication EP 2485299, a battery state sensor is described which has a shunt resistance and can be connected to a battery pole.

Disclosure of Invention

According to the present invention, a shunt resistor is described having the characterizing features of the independent patent claim, which has the following advantages over the prior art: the shunt resistor has a compact design and can be mounted on the electrical energy storage unit in a space-saving manner as far as possible. The invention now provides a shunt resistor, in particular of an electronic battery sensor, an electronic energy storage unit and a method for producing a shunt resistor having the characterizing features of the independent and/or dependent claims.

The design according to the invention of the shunt resistor offers the following advantages: the most space-saving possible arrangement of the shunt resistor on the electrical energy storage unit can be achieved. By arranging the first and second and/or third layers in the stacking direction, unlike arranging these layers in the direction of the longitudinal and/or transverse axis, the shunt resistance requires less structural space in the direction of its longitudinal and/or transverse axis. Thereby avoiding: the shunt resistor projects from the contour of the anode and/or cathode and/or of the electrical energy storage unit in the direction of the longitudinal axis and/or in the direction of the transverse axis. In this case, the shunt resistor is usually built on the anode of the electrical energy storage unit. The compact embodiment of the shunt resistor offers the following advantages: in the installation space in which the electrical energy storage unit is to be inserted, no additional installation space for the shunt resistor has to be provided, in particular no additional installation space in the direction of the longitudinal axis and in the direction of the transverse axis is required.

The described embodiment of the invention of the shunt resistor also offers the following advantages: the shunt resistance and the arrangement of the layers are stable and resistant to external mechanical loads, in particular to compressive forces in the stacking direction, wherein the layers are arranged in layers in the stacking direction and wherein the second layer is arranged between the first layer and the third layer and wherein the layers are each held in physical contact with one another with a side surface having the largest surface in each case, and wherein the layers are arranged at least partially overlapping.

The dependent claims relate to preferred embodiments of the invention.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims. According to an advantageous embodiment, the shunt resistance provides a number of advantages. In one aspect, the individual layers of the shunt resistance have a stepped profile in the stacking direction. This embodiment provides the following advantages: despite the compact and space-saving arrangement of the shunt resistors, a reliable contacting of the largest surfaces of the individual layers can be achieved. The contacting of the individual layers, in particular of the first and/or third layer, is necessary in particular for the use of the shunt resistor for state detection of the electrical energy storage unit, and can be realized in a space-saving construction space in accordance with an advantageous embodiment of the shunt resistor according to the invention.

An exemplary embodiment of the contacting of the first and/or second and/or third layer can be realized by means of a mounted cable or a mounted, in particular soldered or soldered, elastic foil (Flex-foil). The flexible foil is used here to connect the surface of the first and/or second and/or third layer of the shunt resistance with, for example, electronic battery sensors, which detect voltage, amperage and temperature at intervals. Furthermore, a space-saving arrangement of the at least one contact element, in particular of the elastic foil, can be ensured by an advantageous arrangement of the layers and in particular of the surfaces, wherein the elastic foil projects from the contour of the anode and/or cathode and/or of the electrical energy storage unit not in the direction of the longitudinal axis but not in the direction of the transverse axis. It is also advantageous: the individual layers of the shunt resistance have different lengths in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the layers and/or in the direction of the transverse axis of the layers.

According to one embodiment, the shunt resistor is designed as a measuring bridge consisting of a first layer, a second layer and a third layer. The first layer consists of a copper alloy, the second layer consists of a resistive material, in particular a copper-nickel-manganese alloy, and the third layer consists of a copper alloy. Alternatively, instead of a copper alloy, an aluminum alloy may also be used in the layers, or one layer may be composed of a copper alloy and one layer may be composed of an aluminum alloy. The shunt resistor has at least two connection terminals in the form of contact surfaces. For example, copper-nickel-manganese alloy, especially Manganin (manganese-nickel-copper alloy) or Isaohm, as the resistive material.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the embodiment of the shunt resistor has the following advantages: the shunt resistor has a recess which extends in the stacking direction over the shunt resistor, in particular over the first, second and third layers of the shunt resistor. This provides the following advantages: the largest surfaces of the first, second and third layers are respectively reduced. By introducing at least one recess into the shunt resistor, the resistance value of the shunt resistor can be increased in that the shunt resistor, in particular the first, second and third layers, and in particular the cross-sectional area in the stacking direction through which current flows, is reduced.

Furthermore, by varying the size of at least one recess and by the possibility of providing a plurality of recesses on the surface of the shunt resistor, the following advantages can be achieved: for the shunt resistance, a specific resistance target value can be brought about, which can be adapted optimally for the respective requirements.

The advantages with regard to the design according to a further advantageous embodiment are: through the welding of each layer of shunt resistance, the high stability of shunt resistance has been realized. Furthermore, by welding the layers of the shunt resistance, the layers are stable in their position with respect to each other and are resistant to external mechanical loads. The high stability and resistance of the shunt resistor according to this advantageous embodiment is suitable on the one hand for bending forces in the stacking direction. On the other hand, however, this also applies to forces which extend in the direction of the longitudinal or transverse axis, in particular to shear forces. By this measure, the failure probability of the shunt resistor can be reduced and the service life can be increased. Furthermore, welding the layers of the shunt resistance prior to installation provides the following advantages: the mounting of the shunt resistor is simplified, since the shunt resistor can be mounted as a whole. Thereby, the required installation time and thus the installation costs can be reduced.

It is also advantageous: the shunt resistor is a measuring bridge made of copper/copper-nickel-manganese alloy/copper and also has two connection terminals, wherein the two connection terminals are in particular formed as a surface of the first layer and as a surface of the third layer, wherein for this purpose the surfaces of the layers on the side facing away from the stacking direction are provided. With a simply fastened shunt resistance, the following possibilities exist: the two provided connection ends are relatively freely selected and therefore the contacting is simplified. Furthermore, the strength of the respective layer can be improved by the combination of the materials copper and aluminum when constructing the first layer and also when constructing the third layer, while the optimum electrical conductivity is maintained.

The invention also relates to a method for producing a shunt resistor for state detection of a battery, wherein the shunt resistor has a first layer, a second layer and a third layer, and the layers are arranged in layers in the stacking direction. The second layer is arranged between the first layer and the third layer, wherein the layers are each brought into physical contact with one another with one of the sides having the largest surface of the layer in each case, such that the layers are arranged partially overlapping.

The advantages with regard to the design according to a further advantageous embodiment are: the layers form a stepped profile along the stacking direction, whereby the surfaces of the layers become accessible along the stacking direction. This embodiment of the invention and of the production method according to the invention offers the following advantages: at the same time, the compact and space-saving construction ensures optimum accessibility of the individual surfaces of the shunt resistor, in particular for the elastic foil to be mounted and/or the cable to be mounted and/or the bond wire connection.

Further advantages and embodiments of the invention emerge from the description and the accompanying drawings.

It is readily understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the respectively stated combination but also in other combinations or individually without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention.

Drawings

Fig. 1 shows a side view of an embodiment of a shunt resistor according to the invention on an electrical energy storage unit;

FIG. 2 shows the individual layers of a shunt resistor according to the invention in a top view;

fig. 3 shows a plan view of a shunt resistor according to the invention and its arrangement on the anode of an electrical energy storage cell;

fig. 4 shows a top view of a possible embodiment of a shunt resistor and an elastic foil arrangement welded to the pole connections of an electrical energy storage cell according to the invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is schematically illustrated in the drawings according to embodiments and is subsequently described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1 shows an electrical energy storage unit 1 having a shunt resistor 2 for state detection of the electrical energy storage unit 1 according to a preferred embodiment. The shunt resistor 2 has a first layer 4, a second layer 6 and a third layer 8. Also shown in fig. 1 are: the electrical energy storage unit 1 has a cathode 5 and an anode 7, wherein the shunt resistor 2 for state detection of the electrical energy storage unit 1 is in particular formed on the anode 7.

The three layers 4, 6, 8 of the shunt resistor 2 are arranged in layers in the stacking direction V, the second layer 6 being arranged between the first layer 4 and the third layer 8, and the layers 4, 6, 8 each being held in physical contact with one another with one of the side faces each having the largest surface. In this case, the layers 4, 6, 8 can be arranged at least partially overlapping, so that the layers 4, 6, 8 form, for example, a stepped contour 10. This advantageous embodiment of the shunt resistor 2, in which the layers 4, 6, 8 form the step contour 10, offers the following advantages: the surfaces of the individual layers 4, 6, 8 are at least partially accessible along the stacking direction V. The first layer 4 and the third layer 8 in this case each comprise the material copper and/or aluminum. In an advantageous embodiment, the first layer 4 and the third layer 8 can be embodied in particular such that the shaped aluminum plate is provided with a copper sheathing, wherein aluminum imparts the corresponding layer stability and strength, while the good electrical conductivity of the corresponding layer is produced by the sheathing of the first layer 4 and/or the third layer 8 with copper. The second layer 6 may in this case comprise an alloy of copper, nickel and manganese, in particular Manganin (manganese Nickel copper alloy). With the shunt resistor 2 according to the invention, it is possible to: only one layer is required to be made of a resistive material, such as a copper-nickel-manganese alloy, wherein the design of the resistive material component is determined by a predetermined resistance, for example, which is required for carrying out a convincing measurement. In this case, different connection variants are possible, as will be explained later.

Furthermore, the connection terminals 3 can be arranged on the shunt resistors 2 on the side of the largest surface which is not in contact with the energy storage cells 1, in particular the anodes 7.

Fig. 2 shows a shunt resistor 2, which is formed from a first layer 4, a second layer 6 and a third layer 8. For this purpose, on the third layer 8, the second layer 6 is stacked in a stacking direction V (see fig. 1), not shown here, such that the second layer 6 is held in contact with the third layer 8 with one of the two sides of the largest surface. Furthermore, the first layer 4 is stacked onto the second layer 6 in the stacking direction V, so that the shunt resistor 2 forms a stepped contour 10.

In fig. 2, a longitudinal axis 11 of the shunt resistor 2 is also shown, wherein the longitudinal axis 11 extends in the direction of the layers 4, 6, 8 and in the direction of the steps of the constructed step profile 10. As shown in fig. 2, the transverse axis 13 extends in this case perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis 11 and to the stacking direction V.

Fig. 2 shows an advantageous embodiment of the shunt resistor 2 and of the layers 4, 6, 8 for forming the step profile 10. Advantageously, the individual layers 4, 6, 8 have different lengths in the direction of the longitudinal axis 11, so that the stacked layers 4, 6, 8 result in a stepped contour 10, which is stacked in particular in the stacking direction V. Another embodiment of the stepped profile 10 of the shunt resistor 2 can be realized in the following way: the individual layers 4, 6, 8 have different widths in the direction of the transverse axis 13, so that the layers 4, 6, 8 form a stepped contour 10 in the direction of the transverse axis 13. Another embodiment of the shunt resistor 2 provides that: the individual layers 4, 6, 8 overlap in the direction of the longitudinal axis 11 and/or transverse axis 13 and thus not only form the stepped contour 10, but also project at both ends in the direction of the longitudinal axis 11 and/or transverse axis 13, respectively, wherein the individual layers 4, 6, 8 are nevertheless always in physical contact with one another with at least a part of their side faces, which in each case have the largest surface.

Also shown in fig. 2 are: the shunt resistor 2 and the individual layers 4, 6, 8 are provided with at least one recess 9, wherein a resulting recess is obtained in the shunt resistor 2 by stacking the individual layers 4, 6, 8 with the at least one recess 9 in the stacking direction V. Here, the resistance value R of the shunt resistor 2 can be changed by at least one of the cutouts 9. By introducing at least one recess 9, the resistance value R of the shunt resistor 2 is increased in particular. It is also possible to increase the size of at least one recess 9 or of a plurality of recesses 9. Here, by increasing the diameter and/or size of at least one of the cutouts 9, the area, particularly the cross-sectional area, of the shunt resistor 2 is reduced, and thereby the resistance value R of the shunt resistor 2 can be increased. In this case, increasing the number of the cutouts 9 in the shunt resistor 2 has the same effect, since by increasing the number of the cutouts of the shunt resistor 2, in particular, the cross-sectional area of the shunt resistor 2 can be reduced, so that the resistance value R of the shunt resistor 2 can thereby be increased.

In addition, other measures for improving the design of the shunt resistor 2 according to the invention are welding and/or a material-fit connection and/or a form-fit connection and/or a force-fit connection of the individual layers 4, 6, 8. This can prevent: the individual layers move relative to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis 11 and/or the transverse axis 13 and thus reduce the stability of the shunt resistor 2 and of the possibly connected elastic foils 12 and thus the function of the shunt resistor 2 is no longer present.

Fig. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the individual layers 4, 6, 8 of the shunt resistor 2, wherein each layer 4, 6, 8 has four recesses 9.

Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the shunt resistor 2, wherein the shunt resistor 2 is shown on the anode 7 of the electrical energy storage cell 1. Also shown is: on the first layer 4 of the shunt resistor 2, a terminal 3 can be present, which is connected to the shunt resistor 2 by soldering or in another manner.

Fig. 3 shows a further particularly advantageous embodiment of the shunt resistor 2, in which a high stability of the shunt resistor 2 can be brought about by welding or other joining methods of the individual layers 4, 6, 8 of the shunt resistor 2. The arrangement of the layers 4, 6, 8 is thereby stable and resistant to external mechanical loads, and in particular to movements of the layers relative to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis 11 and/or the transverse axis 13. This high stability and resistance of the shunt resistor 2 is also suitable for bending forces in the stacking direction V and on the other hand for forces extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis 11 or the transverse axis 13.

Fig. 4 shows two electrical energy storage units 1, which are arranged next to one another in the direction of the transverse axis 13. In this case, the cathode 5 and the anode 7 of the respective electrical energy storage cell 1 are each arranged on different sides in the direction of the longitudinal axis 11, so that the cathode 5 of one of the electrical energy storage cells 1 is each arranged next to the anode 7 of the second electrical energy storage cell 1. This arrangement of the electrical energy storage units 1 can be used to connect these in series with each other.

Also shown in fig. 4 are: the shunt resistor 2 has a first layer 4, a second layer 6 and a third layer 8, wherein the shunt resistor 2 and the layers 4, 6, 8 each have at least one recess 9. As already described in the preceding figures, the shunt resistor 2 has a stepped profile 10, in particular over different lengths of the individual layers 4, 6, 8 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 11. By means of this stepped contour 10, it is possible to mount an elastic foil 12 on the first layer 4 and another elastic foil 12 on the third layer 8, respectively, wherein this can be achieved in a compact design and no elastic foil 12 protrudes from the installation space of the electrical energy storage unit 1 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 11 or the transverse axis 13. The use of the flexible foil 12 provides the following advantages: the contact of the shunt resistor 2, in particular of the first layer 4 and/or the third layer 8, can be achieved even in the case of small installation spaces and/or angular falling of the electrical energy storage unit 1, since the elastic foil 12 is embodied so as to be flexible. Here, the flexible foil 12 is also connected to an electronic battery sensor and serves the following purpose: the voltage and/or current and/or the temperature are measured by means of the shunt resistor 2 and/or forwarded to the electronic battery sensor. It is thus possible to deduce the battery state, in particular the residual charge, by means of the elastic foil 12 and the electronic battery sensor.