阅读说明：本技术 一种混合青贮饲料及其制备方法 (Mixed silage and preparation method thereof ) 是由 金丽娜 蒋苏苏 何建文 宋世斌 敬淑燕 柳二全 于 2019-09-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种混合青贮饲料,所述混合青贮饲料由新鲜青贮玉米和黄芪药渣组成。本发明还提供上述混合青贮饲料的制备方法,是将新鲜青贮玉米和黄芪药渣混合,按照传统青贮方法进行青贮即可。本发明在减少中药药渣对环境的污染同时,增加了绿色饲料的种类,有利于动物生产向有机循环方向发展,带动中药废弃物的可持续性利用。(The invention provides a mixed silage, which consists of fresh silage corns and astragalus mongholicus dregs. The invention also provides a preparation method of the mixed silage, which is to mix the fresh silage corn and the astragalus root dregs and perform silage according to a traditional silage method. The invention reduces the pollution of traditional Chinese medicine dregs to the environment, increases the variety of green feeds, is beneficial to the development of animal production to the organic cycle direction, and drives the sustainable utilization of traditional Chinese medicine wastes.)

1. A mixed silage, characterized in that: the mixed silage consists of fresh silage corns and astragalus mongholicus dregs.

2. The mixed silage of claim 1, wherein: in the mixed silage, the weight percentage of the astragalus root dregs is 5-15%.

3. The mixed silage of claim 1, wherein: in the mixed silage, the weight percentage of the astragalus mongholicus dregs is 10%.

4. The mixed silage of claim 1, wherein: the water content of the astragalus residue is 18-20%.

5. The method for preparing mixed silage according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: mixing fresh silage corn and astragalus root dregs, and ensiling according to a traditional ensiling method.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the preparation method of the fresh silage corns comprises the following steps: harvesting in the waxy stage of seed, preferably in the period of seed kernel milk line reaching 1/2-2/3, cutting the raw materials after harvesting, wherein the length is less than 2cm, and the corn kernel crushing is completed in the cutting process.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein: the method for drying the astragalus membranaceus dregs comprises the following steps: natural drying, normal temperature forced air drying or high temperature drying.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein: and during high-temperature drying, the outlet temperature of the dryer is not more than 65 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of feed processing in the field of organic cycle agriculture, and particularly relates to a mixed silage and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The traditional Chinese medicine industry is one of the traditional Chinese industries, and the matched traditional Chinese medicine processing industry is also developed vigorously. When the traditional Chinese medicine industry is rapidly developed, a large amount of Chinese herbal medicine dregs are generated every year, and the wastes pollute the environment and cause a large amount of resource waste. The natural putrefaction and decomposition can seriously pollute water quality, soil and the like, and cause serious environmental pollution. The Chinese herbal medicine dregs contain a large amount of nutrient substances such as crude fiber, crude protein, crude fat, cellulose, lignin, mineral substances, amino acid and the like, and also contain traditional Chinese medicine active substances such as alkaloid, polysaccharide, saponins, terpenoids and the like and some unknown growth promoting substances, so that the Chinese herbal medicine dregs have higher nutritional and medicinal values, and have the characteristics of antibiosis, growth promotion, immunity improvement, no medicine residue and the like.

The utilization rate of the Chinese herbal medicine dregs is not high, and the Chinese herbal medicine dregs can be used as a plant cultivation substrate, an edible fungus cultivation substrate, a chemical product and the like at present. The Chinese herbal medicine dregs are rich in nutrient components and have great development and utilization values especially for herbivorous animals.

The Chinese herbal medicine dregs are used for feeding herbivorous livestock for a long time in folk, the feeding mode is a mode of directly feeding the livestock by replacing partial feed, and the technical problems of poor palatability, low feed digestion and utilization rate, difficulty in long-time storage and the like exist.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a mixed silage and a preparation method thereof. The invention reasonably utilizes a large amount of Chinese herbal medicine dregs, utilizes the nutrition digestion characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine and food dual-purpose animals and herbivorous animals, and prepares the mixed silage by adding the astragalus dregs into silage corns.

Aiming at the reasonable utilization of a large amount of waste Chinese herbal medicine dregs generated in the Chinese herbal medicine industry and utilizing the dual-purpose of medicine and food of Chinese herbal medicines and the nutrient digestion characteristics of herbivorous animals, the invention adds the Chinese herbal medicine dregs into silage corns for preparing mixed silage, inhibits the reproduction of various mixed bacteria through the fermentation effect of anaerobic lactic acid bacteria under the closed anoxic condition, improves the palatability, promotes the herbivorous animals to fully utilize nutrient elements such as crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, calcium, total phosphorus and the like and traditional Chinese medicine active substances such as alkaloid, polysaccharide, saponins, terpenes and the like in the dregs, improves the immunity of the animals, and reduces the dosage of medicines and vaccines. Further obtains the feed source which is beneficial to long-term storage, and has important promotion effect on the reasonable utilization of the Chinese herbal medicine residues in the herbivorous animal feed.

The invention reduces the pollution of traditional Chinese medicine dregs to the environment, increases the variety of green feeds, is beneficial to the development of animal production to the organic cycle direction, and drives the sustainable utilization of traditional Chinese medicine wastes.

The invention provides a mixed silage, which consists of fresh silage corns and astragalus mongholicus dregs.

Preferably, in the mixed silage, the astragalus mongholicus dregs account for 5-15% by weight.

Preferably, in the mixed silage, the astragalus mongholicus dregs are 10% in weight percentage.

Preferably, the water content of the astragalus residue is 18-20%.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the mixed silage, which comprises the steps of mixing fresh silage corns and astragalus mongholicus dregs, and performing silage according to a traditional silage method.

Preferably, the preparation method of the fresh silage corn comprises the following steps: harvesting in the waxy stage of seed, preferably in the period of seed kernel milk line reaching 1/2-2/3, cutting the raw materials after harvesting, wherein the length is less than 2cm, and the corn kernel crushing is completed in the cutting process.

Preferably, the method for drying the astragalus mongholicus dregs comprises the following steps: natural drying, normal temperature forced air drying or high temperature drying.

Preferably, when the high-temperature drying is carried out, the outlet temperature of the dryer does not exceed 65 ℃.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the mixing ratio of the silage corns and the astragalus mongholicus dregs in the mixed silage is searched.

2. Provides a method for preparing silage by mixing astragalus mongholicus dregs and silage corn.

The preparation method of the silage by mixing the astragalus mongholicus dregs and the silage corn has the following advantages:

first, the process flow is simple and easy to master. The silage corn and the astragalus medicine residues in a certain proportion are uniformly mixed, and silage is carried out by using a traditional silage method.

Secondly, the cost of the feed is reduced by replacing part of the cheap dregs of a decoction with silage corns. The average price of the silage corns is 250 yuan/ton, and the mixed medicine dregs (containing 20 percent of water) are 75 yuan/ton.

Thirdly, the aromatic odor generated in the fermentation process solves the problems of palatability, difficult long-term storage and the like of the medicine dregs for directly feeding animals.

3. The technical problems of poor palatability, difficult long-term storage and the like of traditional direct feeding of the herb residues are solved.

4. Improving the nutritional level of the traditional single corn silage.

The astragalus residue contains a large amount of nutrient substances such as crude fiber, crude protein, crude fat, cellulose, lignin, mineral substances, amino acid and the like. It can be seen from table 3 that when silage is mixed with silage corn, lignin and cellulose which are not easily decomposed in the herb residue under normal conditions are decomposed by microorganisms and converted into micromolecular sugar, so that the digestibility of the cellulose and lignin in the feed by animals can be improved. Moreover, various active factors contained in the silage herb residues are mixed, so that pathogenic microorganisms are effectively inhibited and killed, the decomposition of protein in feed raw materials is reduced, and the content of the protein in the feed is increased.

5. The residual active ingredients of the astragalus residue are utilized to enhance the immunity, disease resistance and stress resistance of the animals fed with the milk vetch.

Radix astragali has effects of invigorating qi, consolidating superficial resistance, promoting urination, expelling pus, healing sore, and promoting granulation. Rihuazi materia Medica records that astragalus root is a holy drug for tonifying qi. Modern medical research shows that the astragalus root has the pharmacological actions related to the qi invigorating and superficies consolidating efficacies of enhancing the immune function of the organism, enhancing the hematopoietic function, improving the metabolism of substances, enhancing the gonadal function, resisting stress and the like. Part of active ingredients are left in the medicine dregs, and the immunity, disease resistance and stress resistance of the organism can be enhanced after animals eat the medicine.

Detailed Description

The following examples are given to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, but do not limit the invention. The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The test materials used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

The preparation method of the mixed silage comprises the following steps:

drying astragalus root dregs

1. Naturally drying

Transporting the residue after water extraction of radix astragali to a place with high topography, spreading in a thin layer, drying for 4-6 hr to reduce water content to about 40%, piling up in small ridges with height of about 1 m and width of about 1.5 m, further drying to reduce water content to 18-20%, and stacking or bagging for storage.

This method is the most economical drying method, but is time-consuming and labor-intensive and is also subject to weather changes.

2. Artificial drying

(1) And (3) normal-temperature air blast drying: the drying shed is arranged, a drying rack is arranged in the shed, drying discs are placed on the rack, and low-pressure drying fans are arranged at four corners of the shed. During drying, the dregs of astragalus root after water extraction are spread in an airing disc, and the thickness is less than 5 cm. Blowing air for drying day and night on day 1 and rainy day, and blowing air for 1 hour and stirring for 1 time every 6-8 hours. Reducing water content to 18-20%, and stacking or bagging for storage.

(2) And (3) high-temperature drying: placing the cut radix astragali residue in a dryer (pasture dryer), and passing high temperature air to rapidly dry radix astragali residue. The drying time depends on the type, model and working state of the dryer, and the moisture content of the dregs is rapidly reduced to 20% from several hours to tens of minutes or even several minutes. The drying process is generally divided into 4 stages, namely a preheating stage, a constant-speed drying stage, a deceleration drying stage and a cooling stage. When drying, the temperature of the outlet of the dryer is not more than 65 ℃.

Secondly, mixing the Chinese herbal medicine dregs with silage corns for silage

1. Harvesting and chopping silage corn: harvesting in the wax ripeness stage of the seeds, preferably in the period of reaching 1/2-2/3 of the milk line of the seeds. When a combined harvesting machine is adopted for harvesting, the chopping operation is completed at the same time of harvesting; or after harvesting, the straw can be cut by a machine such as a straw cutter, a chopper, a rubbing crusher and the like. The cutting length of the raw material is preferably less than 2cm, and the corn kernel is crushed simultaneously in the cutting process.

2. Mixing the astragalus residue: harvesting fresh silage corns which are cut into pieces (different cutting degrees according to different animal species) and astragalus medicine dregs (the addition amount of 5-15% of the mixed silage material by weight percent) which are dried by the above method are mixed uniformly by a TMR feed mixer and placed in a cellar or bundled for silage. The ensiling method may be any of those known in the art. Such as:

ensiling method 1: store in cellar

(1) Site selection: and selecting a place with higher terrain, lower underground water level, leeward and sunny, solid soil, closer to a feeding house and convenient for manufacturing and taking silage to build the cellar.

(2) The requirements of the cellar are as follows: the above ground type, semi-underground type or full underground type can be selected according to the local water level condition, but the bottom is at least 0.5 meter higher than the underground water level.

The shape of the cellar is generally rectangular, the capacity of the cellar is designed according to the number of the raised herbivores, the feeding period and the number of the forage grasses to be stored, and the capacity of the cellar can be generally 500-600 kg per cubic meter of silage whole corn. Four corners of the cellar are laid into a semicircle, the cellar wall is smooth and flat and has a certain gradient, and the upper part is large and the lower part is small, so that the filling and compaction of the forage grass are facilitated. The bottom of the cellar is required to have a certain gradient from one end to the other end, so that the feed is convenient to transport and take.

(3) The manufacturing process comprises the following steps: cutting the raw materials to length of 2cm or less, placing into ensilage, compacting (mechanical compacting is recommended) once per 20cm to 40cm, and paying special attention to the corner of ensilage. It is recommended to fill the whole cellar once (50 cm to 80cm higher than the edge of the cellar), if the cellar cannot be filled once, a layer of plastic film can be immediately covered on the raw materials which are already placed in the cellar, and the cellar is continuously placed the next day. After the steamed bun is filled with the stuffing, the whole plastic film is used for sealing, 1-2 layers of straw mats are laid, finally, soil is used for compacting, the thickness of the soil is about 30 cm-40 cm, the surface is flapped and smooth, and the top of the cellar is raised to form the shape of the steamed bun. Along with the maturity of silage, silage in the cellar can slowly sink, when cracks appear on the soil layer, soil is covered in time, and gas leakage and water seepage are prevented, so that silage is spoiled. Some are putrefactive due to packing.

Generally, the fermented feed can be taken and used for feeding animals after 40-70 days of fermentation.

Ensiling method 2: are bundled and stored

The manufacturing process comprises the following steps: and (3) performing high-density compaction and bundling on the crushed silage raw materials by using a bundling machine, and then wrapping the silage raw materials by using a stretch film through a wrapping machine, so that an anaerobic fermentation environment is created, and finally the lactic acid fermentation process is completed.

Besides the characteristics of the conventional silage, the bundling silage has the following advantages: the manufacture is not limited by time and place, and is not limited by storage place; the bundling silage is convenient to transport and use and is beneficial to commercialization of the silage. However, once the package is damaged, yeast and mold will propagate in large quantities, resulting in deterioration and mold development of silage.