阅读说明：本技术 一种新型温控大棚周年栽培红托竹荪方法 (Novel temperature-controlled greenhouse annual Dictyophora rubrovalvata cultivation method ) 是由 方晔 庄继文 肖忠建 梅健 余蓉 于 2018-06-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于食用菌栽培技术领域,特别涉及一种新型温控大棚周年栽培红托竹荪方法；(1)大棚温控调节；(2)制备菌棒；(3)栽培；(4)管理；本发明根据红托竹荪的生长需求,包括营养、生长环境包括温度、湿度的需求,进行了合适其生长的配料,根据生长发育的需要,通过大棚对温度和湿度等环境因素进行调节,采用本发明的栽培方法,红托竹荪在生长过程中长势好,菌丝萌发时间较短,菌丝密度高,菌丝特浓白粗壮,呈棉絮状,菌丝生长整齐,整个培养过程中菌丝体增长速度快,克服了目前只能季节出菇的缺陷,实现了周年栽培,保证了红托竹荪的出菇率,极大的满足目前市场对红托竹荪的需求。(The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a novel method for cultivating dictyophora rubrovolvata in a temperature-controlled greenhouse year by year; (1) controlling the temperature of the greenhouse; (2) preparing a fungus stick; (3) cultivating; (4) managing; according to the cultivation method, the dictyophora rubrovolvata is well grown in the growth process, hypha germination time is short, hypha density is high, the hypha is extremely thick, white and thick, is flocculent and grows tidily, the growth speed of the hypha in the whole cultivation process is high, the defect that the fruiting can only be realized in seasons at present is overcome, the annual cultivation is realized, the fruiting rate of the dictyophora rubrovolvata is ensured, and the requirement of the current market on the dictyophora rubrovolvata is greatly met.)

1. A novel temperature-control greenhouse annual Dictyophora rubrovalvata cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) temperature control and adjustment of the greenhouse: adjusting the temperature of the greenhouse to 16-25 ℃;

(2) preparing a fungus stick: obtaining a fungus stick through the processes of batching, bagging, sterilizing, cooling, inoculating and culturing;

the ingredients are prepared by mixing 75-80 parts by weight of sawdust with the particle size of 1-8mm, 15-25 parts by weight of wheat bran, 0.8-1.2 parts by weight of light calcium carbonate and 0.8-1.2 parts by weight of gypsum powder, adding water to adjust the water content to 60-62%, and adjusting the Ph to 6.5-7.5;

the culture is that the inoculated fungus bags are put into a culture frame and put into a culture room for culture, the temperature is adjusted to be 22-25 ℃, the air humidity is 55% -65%, the concentration of CO2 is within 1500PPM, the culture is carried out in dark light for 90 days, and impurities are picked out for 2-3 times in the culture process;

(3) cultivation: spreading a layer of soil of 2-3cm on a shelf, removing bags of cultured fungus sticks, placing the bags on the shelf, placing 10-12 fungus sticks per square, and covering soil of 4-5cm on the fungus sticks;

(4) management: the method comprises the steps of spawn running management, bud forcing management, bamboo egg growth period management, fruiting period management and harvesting management.

2. The novel method for annually cultivating the dictyophora rubrovolvata in the temperature-controlled greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bagging is that after the ingredients are uniformly mixed in a stirrer, the mixture is conveyed to a bagging machine, and the filled fungus package is 20-21 cm in height and 10.3 cm in diameter; the hollow plunger is 15 cm in length and 2cm in diameter.

3. The method for the year round cultivation of Dictyophora rubrovolvata in the novel temperature-controlled greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sterilization comprises placing the packed material bags into a turnover basket, placing 12 bags in each basket, placing on a sterilization vehicle, placing 28 baskets in each vehicle frame, sterilizing in an autoclave at the sterilization temperature of 120-.

4. The method for cultivating dictyophora rubrovolvata in the greenhouse with the novel temperature control function as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cooling is carried out by pushing a sterilization vehicle into a clean room precooling room after the sterilization is finished, and carrying out forced cooling to reduce the temperature of fungus bags to 25 ℃ after the temperature is reduced to 45 ℃.

5. The method for cultivating dictyophora rubrovolvata in a novel temperature-controlled greenhouse year by year as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spawn running management is that after soil is covered on mushroom sticks, water is thoroughly poured, the temperature in the greenhouse is adjusted to be 20-25 ℃, the air humidity is 65% -80%, and hyphae grow out of the soil surface after 20-30 days of management.

6. The method for cultivating dictyophora rubrovolvata in a novel temperature-controlled greenhouse year round as claimed in claim 1, wherein bud forcing management is carried out, after hyphae grow out of the soil surface, the greenhouse is opened for ventilation, the humidity of the soil on the surface of a fungal bed is reduced, watering is carried out after 3-5 days to ensure that the soil humidity reaches 60%, the space humidity is adjusted to be 85% -95%, the temperature in the greenhouse is 16-26 ℃, and primordium can be formed after one week.

7. The novel temperature-controlled greenhouse annual Dictyophora rubrovolvata cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the growth period of the bamboo eggs is managed, after primordia are formed, the temperature in the greenhouse is adjusted to be 22-26 ℃ and the space humidity is adjusted to be 90%, so that the primordia grow to form the bamboo eggs.

8. The method for annually cultivating Dictyophora rubrovalvata in the novel temperature-controlled greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fruiting period management is carried out by adjusting the temperature to 20-26 ℃, the air humidity to 85% -95%, the soil humidity of the fungal bed to 60%, and meanwhile, irradiating by using 200LUX scattered light with the illumination intensity of 100-.

9. The method for cultivating dictyophora rubrovolvata in the novel temperature-controlled greenhouse year round as claimed in claim 1, wherein the harvesting management is carried out, and the dictyophora rubrovolvata is stored in a cold storage with the temperature of 3-5 ℃ for sale after being harvested.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a novel method for cultivating dictyophora rubrovolvata in a temperature-controlled greenhouse year by year.

Background

Dictyophora rubrovolvata is an extremely rare edible fungus, the shape of the fruiting body of the Dictyophora rubrovolvata is unique, the flavor is unique, and the Dictyophora rubrovolvata is a name of 'flowers of fungi, girald lanugo and king in forest'. Dictyophora rubrovalvata has high edible and medicinal values, contains various amino acids, vitamins and various mineral substances which are necessary for human bodies, has good curative effects on preventing and treating hypertension, high cholesterol fermentation and reducing the storage of subcutaneous fat, and has a special effect on food preservation, so that the Dictyophora rubrovalvata has high economic value and is loved by people; china is the main artificial cultivation country of bamboo fungus, mainly cultivates in Fujian, Yunnan, Guizhou and Hunan's Huqinhe Suizhuning and other few places, and has been in short supply in international markets for many years.

Based on the current greater market demand of dictyophora rubrovolvata, the requirement on the fruiting rate of the dictyophora rubrovolvata is particularly important, but the current dictyophora rubrovolvata can only realize seasonal fruiting and is severely limited, so that how to improve the current situation is realized, and the regulation of the fruiting condition of the dictyophora rubrovolvata has important significance in the field of edible fungus cultivation.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a novel temperature-control greenhouse annual Dictyophora rubrovalvata cultivation method for solving the technical problems.

The method is realized by the following technical scheme:

a novel temperature-control greenhouse annual Dictyophora rubrovalvata cultivation method comprises the following steps:

(1) temperature control and adjustment of the greenhouse: adjusting the temperature of the greenhouse to 16-25 ℃;

(2) preparing a fungus stick: obtaining a fungus stick through the processes of batching, bagging, sterilizing, cooling, inoculating and culturing;

the ingredients are prepared by mixing 75-80 parts by weight of sawdust with the particle size of 1-8mm, 15-25 parts by weight of wheat bran, 0.8-1.2 parts by weight of light calcium carbonate and 0.8-1.2 parts by weight of gypsum powder, adding water to adjust the water content to 60-62%, and adjusting the Ph to 6.5-7.5;

the culture is that the inoculated fungus bags are put into a culture frame and put into a culture room for culture, the temperature is adjusted to be 22-25 ℃, the air humidity is 55% -65%, the concentration of CO2 is within 1500PPM, the culture is carried out in dark light for 90 days, and impurities are picked out for 2-3 times in the culture process;

(3) cultivation: spreading a layer of soil of 2-3cm on a shelf, removing bags of cultured fungus sticks, placing the bags on the shelf, placing 10-12 fungus sticks per square, and covering soil of 4-5cm on the fungus sticks;

(4) management: the method comprises the steps of spawn running management, bud forcing management, bamboo egg growth period management, fruiting period management and harvesting management.

The bagging is that the ingredients are uniformly mixed in the stirrer and then conveyed to a bagging machine, and the height of a fungus bag after the materials are loaded is 20-21 cm, and the diameter of the fungus bag is 10.3 cm; the hollow plunger is 15 cm in length and 2cm in diameter.

The sterilization comprises the steps of putting the packaged material bags into a turnover basket, 12 bags in each basket, putting the material bags on a sterilization vehicle, 28 baskets in each frame, pushing an autoclave for sterilization, treating the material bags at the sterilization temperature of 120-122 ℃ for 155min, and standing the material bags for 55-65 min.

And the cooling is that after the sterilization is finished, the sterilization vehicle is pushed into a clean room precooling room, and after the temperature is reduced to 45 ℃, forced cooling is carried out to reduce the temperature of the fungus bag to 25 ℃.

In the spawn running management, after soil is covered on the spawn sticks, water is thoroughly poured, the temperature in the shed is adjusted to be 20-25 ℃, the air humidity is 65-80%, and hypha grows out of the soil surface after 20-30 days of management.

In the bud forcing management, after hyphae grow out of the soil surface, the shed is opened for ventilation, the humidity of the soil on the surface of the fungus bed is reduced, watering is carried out after 3-5 days to ensure that the soil humidity reaches 60%, the humidity of the space is adjusted to be 85% -95%, the temperature in the shed is 16-26 ℃, and primordium can be formed after one week.

The growth period of the bamboo eggs is managed, after primordia are formed, the temperature in the greenhouse is adjusted to be 22-26 ℃, the space humidity is adjusted to be 90%, and the primordia grow to form the bamboo eggs.

The fruiting period management comprises the steps of adjusting the temperature to be 20-26 ℃, adjusting the air humidity to be 85-95%, adjusting the soil humidity of the fungus bed to be 60%, and meanwhile, irradiating by using light scattered by 200LUX with the illumination intensity of 100-.

And (4) carrying out harvesting management, and storing in a refrigeration house at the temperature of 3-5 ℃ for sale after harvesting.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the cultivation method, the dictyophora rubrovolvata is well grown in the growth process, hypha germination time is short, hypha density is high, the hypha is extremely thick, white and thick, is flocculent and grows tidily, the growth speed of the hypha in the whole cultivation process is high, the defect that the fruiting can only be realized in seasons at present is overcome, the annual cultivation is realized, the fruiting rate of the dictyophora rubrovolvata is ensured, and the requirement of the current market on the dictyophora rubrovolvata is greatly met.

Detailed Description

The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.