阅读说明：本技术 一种齿圈装夹加工方法 (Gear ring clamping machining method ) 是由 王先美 于 2019-10-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于机械加工技术领域,具体涉及一种齿圈装夹加工方法,包括如下步骤：设置三爪卡盘,三爪卡盘的卡爪外侧水平延伸设置辅助支撑块；将三爪卡盘的卡爪驱动至最小收缩状态；将环形工件吊装至辅助支撑块上,驱动三爪卡盘的各卡爪将环形工件的内环面张紧；将辅助支撑块从卡爪外端移除,使环形工件整个外环面的上下两端空间贯通；利用刨床对环形工件外环面进行刨削加工；加工结束后,驱动三爪卡盘的各卡爪收缩一段行程,并确保卡爪不与环形工件脱离；将环形工件从三爪卡盘上吊起并将其转移至收集区域。本发明将夹具的水平支撑面设置为分体式结构,根据不同需求切换支撑状态,巧妙解决了工件不易定位的问题,同时避免夹具与加工刀具产生干涉。(The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to a gear ring clamping machining method which comprises the following steps: arranging a three-jaw chuck, wherein auxiliary supporting blocks extend horizontally outside jaws of the three-jaw chuck; driving the jaws of the three-jaw chuck to a minimum contracted state; hoisting the annular workpiece to the auxiliary supporting block, and driving each clamping jaw of the three-jaw chuck to tension the inner annular surface of the annular workpiece; removing the auxiliary supporting block from the outer end of the clamping jaw to ensure that the upper end space and the lower end space of the whole outer annular surface of the annular workpiece are communicated; planing the outer ring surface of the annular workpiece by using a planer; after the processing is finished, each clamping jaw of the three-jaw chuck is driven to contract for a stroke, and the clamping jaw is ensured not to be separated from the annular workpiece; the annular workpiece is lifted from the three-jaw chuck and transferred to a collection area. According to the invention, the horizontal supporting surface of the clamp is set to be a split structure, the supporting state is switched according to different requirements, the problem that the workpiece is difficult to position is ingeniously solved, and meanwhile, the clamp and the machining tool are prevented from interfering.)

1. A gear ring clamping machining method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: arranging a clamp, wherein the clamp comprises a three-jaw chuck, an auxiliary supporting block horizontally extends from the outer side of a jaw (11) of the three-jaw chuck, and the distance from the outer end of the auxiliary supporting block to the center of the three-jaw chuck is greater than the radius of the outer ring surface of the annular workpiece (1); driving the jaws (11) of the three-jaw chuck to a minimum contracted state;

step 2: a hoisting mechanism (20) is arranged above the clamp, the hoisting mechanism (20) is utilized to hoist the annular workpiece (1) to the auxiliary supporting block, the axis of the annular workpiece (1) is not aligned with the axis of the three-jaw chuck, and only the clamping jaws (11) of the three-jaw chuck are required to be sleeved in the annular workpiece (11);

and step 3: each clamping jaw (11) of the three-jaw chuck is driven to open outwards until each clamping jaw (11) tensions the inner ring surface of the annular workpiece (1), and at the moment, the annular workpiece (11) is automatically coaxial with the three-jaw chuck under the pushing of each clamping jaw (11);

and 4, step 4: removing the auxiliary supporting block from the outer end of the clamping jaw (11) to ensure that the upper end space and the lower end space of the whole outer annular surface of the annular workpiece (1) are communicated;

and 5: planing the outer ring surface of the annular workpiece (1) by using a planer;

step 6: after the processing is finished, each clamping jaw (11) of the three-jaw chuck is driven to contract for a stroke, and the clamping jaws (11) are ensured not to be separated from the annular workpiece (1);

and 7: the annular workpiece (1) is lifted from the three-jaw chuck again by means of a lifting device (20) and transferred to a collection area.

2. The gear ring clamping machining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the auxiliary supporting block comprises a swing block (12), the swing block (12) is pivoted with the three-jaw chuck through two groups of swing rods (122) which are arranged in parallel, and the swing block (12), the swing rods (122) and the mounting disc (10) jointly form a parallel four-bar mechanism.

3. The gear ring clamping machining method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the three-jaw chuck is also provided with a linkage adjusting mechanism for driving the auxiliary supporting block; the linkage adjusting mechanism comprises a supporting block (132) movably arranged on the clamping jaw (11), and the supporting block (132) is assembled to move between the following two stations: in the first station, the support block (132) protrudes out of the bottom of the swing block (12); in the second station, the support block (132) avoids the swing path of the swing block (12) to enable the swing block (12) to swing freely; the clamping jaw (11) is provided with a trigger mechanism for driving the supporting block (132) to move between the two stations, the trigger mechanism is assembled to drive the supporting block (132) in the first station to the second station when the clamping jaw (11) is in contact with the inner ring surface of the annular workpiece (1), and the trigger mechanism can drive the supporting block (132) in the second station to the first station when the clamping jaw (11) is separated from the inner ring surface of the annular workpiece (1).

4. The gear ring clamping machining method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the support block (132) is pivoted with the clamping jaw (11), a guide wheel (133) is arranged on the support block (132), and the axis of the guide wheel (133) is parallel to the axis of the pivot of the support block (132); the trigger mechanism comprises a driving block (13) which is arranged on the jaw (11) in a sliding mode along a direction parallel to the axis of the three-jaw chuck, an inclined surface (131) is arranged on the driving block (13), the inclined surface (131) and a guide wheel (133) form rolling fit, when the driving block (13) moves upwards, the inclined surface (131) pushes the support block (1321) to swing to a horizontal posture, the support block (132) is located at the first station, and the support block (132) protrudes to the bottom of the swing block (12) and is connected with the bottom surface of the swing block (12) in a blocking mode; when the driving block (13) moves downwards, the guide wheel (133) can roll along the inclined surface (131) so as to enable the support block (132) to fall back to a vertical state, the support block (132) is located at the second station, and the support block (132) avoids the swing path of the swing block (12); the upper end of the driving block (13) protrudes out of the horizontal supporting surface of the clamping jaw (11), and the end is provided with an inclined guide surface, and the annular workpiece (1) extrudes the inclined guide surface to enable the driving block (13) to descend in the process that the clamping jaw (11) is inserted into the bottom of the annular workpiece (1); an elastic element (134) for driving the driving block (13) to move upwards is further arranged in the jaw (11).

5. The gear ring clamping machining method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the clamp is movably arranged along the vertical projection direction of the connecting line of the planer tool bit and the clamp center; after the annular workpiece (1) is machined, the clamp firstly moves to one side far away from the planer for a stroke, so that the annular workpiece (1) avoids the head of the planer in the vertical direction, and then the annular workpiece (1) is hoisted by the hoisting mechanism (20).

6. The gear ring clamping machining method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the inner end of the swing block (12) extends to the inner side of a movable path of the jaw (11), the inner end of the swing block (12) is provided with a wedge surface (123), the inner end of the jaw (11) is provided with a wedge driving surface (114), and when the jaw (11) translates inwards, the wedge driving surface (114) is abutted to the wedge surface (123) and drives the swing block (12) to lift upwards.

7. The gear ring clamping machining method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the elastic element (134) is a compression spring.

8. The gear ring clamping machining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance from the outer end of the auxiliary supporting block to the center of the three-jaw chuck is larger than 1.2 times of the radius of the outer annular surface of the annular workpiece (1).

9. The gear ring clamping machining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance from the outer end of the auxiliary supporting block to the center of the three-jaw chuck is 1.2-1.5 times of the radius of the outer annular surface of the annular workpiece (1).

10. The gear ring clamping machining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance from the outer end of the auxiliary supporting block to the center of the three-jaw chuck is 1.5 times of the radius of the outer annular surface of the annular workpiece (1).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to a gear ring clamping machining method.

Background

The large-size gear ring is roughly machined by adopting a planing process generally, the gear ring is clamped on a three-jaw chuck in the machining process, in order to avoid interference of a planer tool caused by jaws, a horizontal supporting surface of each jaw cannot protrude out of a machining surface of the gear ring, the horizontal supporting surface of each jaw is required to be narrower than the width between the inner and outer annular surfaces of the gear ring, inconvenience is brought to clamping of the gear ring due to the excessively narrow horizontal supporting surface, the gear ring needs to be transferred to the three-jaw chuck by means of hoisting equipment in the clamping process, and due to the fact that the horizontal supporting surface of each jaw is narrow, an operator needs to hoist the gear ring to the center of the three-jaw chuck as far as possible to ensure that the gear ring is reliably lapped with each jaw, auxiliary adjustment is needed by manpower in the operation process, labor intensity is high, and machining efficiency is.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a gear ring clamping machining method which can simplify the operation process and improve the machining efficiency.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a gear ring clamping machining method comprises the following steps:

step 1: arranging a clamp, wherein the clamp comprises a three-jaw chuck, the outer side of a clamping jaw of the three-jaw chuck extends horizontally to form an auxiliary supporting block, and the distance from the outer end of the auxiliary supporting block to the center of the three-jaw chuck is larger than the radius of the outer ring surface of the annular workpiece; driving the jaws of the three-jaw chuck to a minimum contracted state;

step 2: a hoisting mechanism is arranged above the clamp, the hoisting mechanism is utilized to hoist the annular workpiece to the auxiliary supporting block, the axis of the annular workpiece does not need to be aligned with the axis of the three-jaw chuck, and only the clamping jaws of the three-jaw chuck are required to be sleeved in the annular workpiece;

and step 3: all the clamping jaws of the three-jaw chuck are driven to be opened outwards until all the clamping jaws tension the inner ring surface of the annular workpiece, and the annular workpiece is automatically coaxial with the three-jaw chuck under the pushing of all the clamping jaws;

and 4, step 4: removing the auxiliary supporting block from the outer end of the clamping jaw to ensure that the upper end space and the lower end space of the whole outer annular surface of the annular workpiece are communicated;

and 5: planing the outer ring surface of the annular workpiece by using a planer;

step 6: after the processing is finished, each clamping jaw of the three-jaw chuck is driven to contract for a stroke, and the clamping jaw is ensured not to be separated from the annular workpiece;

and 7: the ring-shaped workpiece is again lifted from the three-jaw chuck by means of the hoisting mechanism and transferred to a collection area.

The auxiliary supporting block comprises a swing block, the swing block is pivoted with the three-jaw chuck through two groups of swing rods arranged in parallel, and the swing block, the swing rods and the mounting disc jointly form a parallel four-bar mechanism.

The three-jaw chuck is also provided with a linkage adjusting mechanism for driving the auxiliary supporting block; the linkage adjusting mechanism comprises a supporting block movably arranged on a clamping jaw, and the supporting block is assembled to move between the following two stations: in the first station, the support block protrudes out of the bottom of the swing block; in the second station, the support block avoids the swing path of the swing block to enable the swing block to swing freely; the claw is provided with a trigger mechanism for driving the supporting block to move between the two stations, the trigger mechanism is assembled to drive the supporting block at the first station to the second station when the claw is in contact with the inner ring surface of the annular workpiece, and the trigger mechanism can drive the supporting block at the second station to the first station when the claw is separated from the inner ring surface of the annular workpiece.

The support block is pivoted with the clamping jaw, a guide wheel is arranged on the support block, and the axis of the guide wheel is parallel to the axis of the support block pivot; the trigger mechanism comprises a driving block which is arranged on the clamping jaws in a sliding mode along the direction parallel to the axis of the three-jaw chuck, an inclined surface is arranged on the driving block, the inclined surface and the guide wheel form rolling fit, when the driving block moves upwards, the inclined surface pushes the supporting block to swing to a horizontal posture, the supporting block is located at the first station, and the supporting block protrudes to the bottom of the swinging block and is connected with the bottom surface of the swinging block in a blocking mode; when the driving block moves downwards, the guide wheel can roll along the inclined surface, so that the support block falls back to a vertical state, the support block is positioned at the second station, and the support block avoids a swing path of the swing block; the upper end of the driving block protrudes out of the horizontal supporting surface of the clamping jaw, the end of the driving block is provided with an inclined guide surface, and the annular workpiece extrudes the inclined guide surface to enable the driving block to move downwards in the process that the clamping jaw is inserted into the bottom of the annular workpiece; and an elastic element for driving the driving block to move upwards is also arranged in the jaw.

The clamp is movably arranged along the vertical projection direction of the connecting line of the planer tool bit and the clamp center; after the annular workpiece is machined, the clamp firstly moves to one side far away from the planer for a stroke, so that the annular workpiece avoids the head of the planer in the vertical direction, and then the annular workpiece is hoisted by utilizing the hoisting mechanism.

The inner end of the swing block extends to the inner side of the jaw moving path, the inner end of the swing block is provided with a wedge surface, the inner end of the jaw is provided with a wedge driving surface, and when the jaw moves inwards in a translation mode, the wedge driving surface is abutted to the wedge surface and drives the swing block to lift upwards.

The elastic element is a pressure spring.

The distance from the outer end of the auxiliary supporting block to the center of the three-jaw chuck is more than 1.2 times of the radius of the outer ring surface of the annular workpiece;

the distance from the outer end of the auxiliary supporting block to the center of the three-jaw chuck is 1.2-1.5 times of the radius of the outer ring surface of the annular workpiece.

The distance from the outer end of the auxiliary supporting block to the center of the three-jaw chuck is 1.5 times of the radius of the outer ring surface of the annular workpiece.

The invention has the technical effects that: according to the invention, the horizontal supporting surface of the clamp is set to be a split structure, the supporting state is switched according to different requirements, the problem that the workpiece is difficult to position is ingeniously solved, and meanwhile, the clamp and the machining tool are prevented from interfering.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of an outer ring gear machining apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of an outer ring gear machining apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 3 and a sectional view of a variation thereof;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a clamp provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an exploded view of a clamp provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a jaw and pendulum block assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a perspective view of a trigger mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the following description is given in conjunction with the accompanying examples. It is to be understood that the following text is merely illustrative of one or more specific embodiments of the invention and does not strictly limit the scope of the invention as specifically claimed. In the description of the present invention, the terms indicating the orientation such as "inside" and "outside" are used according to the common usage and designation convention of a circular jig by those skilled in the art, that is, the direction toward the center of the jig is the inside, and the direction away from the center of the jig is the outside.