阅读说明：本技术 一种高效节能再生铅冶炼工艺 (High-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead smelting process ) 是由 贾磊 蔡以辉 王振飞 王脐君 曹睿 于 2019-09-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种高效节能再生铅冶炼工艺,其特征在于,包括如下步骤：步骤S1、冶炼用铅原料的制备,步骤S2、铅膏的处理,步骤S3、铅冶炼原料成型,步骤S4、熔炼处理,步骤S5、副产物后处理。本发明还公开了根据所述高效节能再生铅冶炼工艺制成的高效节能再生铅。本发明公开的高效节能再生铅冶炼工艺能高效、快捷、安全地将铅废件和废料冶炼成再生铅,实现资源再利用,变废为宝,解决了现有的再生铅冶炼过程中金属回收率低以及渣含铅高而且产生大量的含铅、二氧化硫和酸雾的烟气从而污染环境的问题,具有铅直收率、综合回收率和劳动生产率高,贵金属损失少,经济价值、生态价值和社会价值高的优点。(The invention discloses a high-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead smelting process which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step S1, preparing a lead raw material for smelting, step S2, treating lead paste, step S3, forming the lead smelting raw material, step S4, smelting, step S5 and post-treating byproducts. The invention also discloses the high-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead prepared by the smelting process of the high-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead. The high-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead smelting process disclosed by the invention can efficiently, quickly and safely smelt lead waste parts and waste materials into secondary lead, realizes resource recycling, changes waste into valuable, solves the problems of low metal recovery rate, high slag lead content and environmental pollution caused by a large amount of flue gas containing lead, sulfur dioxide and acid mist generated in the conventional secondary lead smelting process, and has the advantages of high vertical recovery rate, comprehensive recovery rate and labor productivity, less precious metal loss, high economic value, ecological value and social value.)

1. The high-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead smelting process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

Step S1, preparation of lead raw materials for smelting: the method comprises the following steps of (1) disassembling the waste lead-acid storage battery in a closed disassembling workshop by using automatic crushing and sorting equipment, firstly conveying the waste lead-acid storage battery into a primary crushing device, and enabling sulfuric acid residual liquid in the waste lead-acid storage battery and washing liquid sprayed on the waste lead-acid storage battery to form disassembled waste acid liquid to flow into a waste acid liquid storage pool; conveying the waste lead-acid storage battery from which the sulfuric acid residual liquid is removed to a hydraulic separator, and separating to obtain lead plaster and coarse solids; the coarse solid is crushed and sorted in two stages to obtain a plate grid, heavy plastic, light plastic and a partition plate; the lead plaster is conveyed to a discharging bin for treatment, and the plate grid is directly used as alloy lead smelting furnace burden;

step S2, lead paste treatment: dehydrating the lead plaster prepared in the step S1 through dehydration equipment, uniformly mixing the lead plaster with a desulfurizing agent, adding the mixture into a stirring tank, and stirring and reacting for 2-5 hours under certain reaction conditions to obtain desulfurized lead plaster;

step S3, lead smelting raw material forming: adding the desulfurized lead plaster prepared in the step S2, a solvent and a reducing agent into water to form a suspension, then carrying out spray granulation and drying to ensure that the water content is 7-10% to obtain a granular lead smelting raw material;

Step S4, smelting: the granular lead smelting raw material obtained in the step S3 is sent to an oxygen bottom blowing furnace for oxidation smelting to obtain regenerated lead bullion and lead-rich oxidizing slag, and the lead-rich oxidizing slag is sent to a blast furnace for smelting after being condensed and briquetted to obtain a product, namely regenerated lead bullion;

Step S5, byproduct post-processing: and waste gas in the smelting process enters a bag dust removal chamber through a cooling tower to remove lead dust, the lead dust is returned to the blast furnace for smelting, and gas treated by a bag enters flue gas filtering equipment to remove harmful gas, and is discharged after reaching the standard.

2. The smelting process of the regenerated lead with high efficiency and energy conservation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the lead plaster to the desulfurizer in the step S2 is 1 (1.3-1.5); the desulfurizer is at least one of sodium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate; the certain reaction condition is that the reaction temperature is 30-50 ℃.

3. The efficient and energy-saving secondary lead smelting process according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the desulfurized lead plaster to the flux to the reducing agent in step S3 is (10-18) to (90-110) to (8-10).

4. The smelting process of the high-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead according to claim 1, wherein the flux is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of boron nitride, 100-150 parts of graphene, 30-50 parts of flue ash, 20-30 parts of shale ash, 10-20 parts of strontium, 10-20 parts of scandium, 30-50 parts of rare earth oxide, 200 parts of iron ore 130-containing material and 20-40 parts of pumice.

5. the smelting process of the high-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead according to claim 1, wherein the reducing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 10-13 parts of nano porous carbon, 12-15 parts of coal powder, 3-5 parts of limestone powder, 1-3 parts of clay, 1-3 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 15-25 parts of water.

6. the smelting process of the high-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead according to claim 5, wherein the particle size of the nano porous carbon is less than or equal to 100 meshes, the particle size of the coal powder is 2-5mm, the particle size of the limestone powder is less than or equal to 3mm, and the particle size of the clay is less than or equal to 80 meshes.

7. The smelting process of the regenerated lead with high efficiency and energy conservation as claimed in claim 5, wherein the preparation method of the reducing agent comprises the following steps: mixing nano porous carbon, coal powder, limestone powder, clay and polyvinylpyrrolidone according to a ratio, adding water, stirring, and making into granules.

8. The smelting process of high-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead according to claim 1, wherein the air inlet temperature of the spray granulation in the step S3 is 125-135 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 70-80 ℃, and the atomization pressure of the nozzle is 0.05-0.1 MPa; the drying temperature is 85-105 ℃.

9. The smelting process of the regenerated lead with high efficiency and energy conservation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flue gas filtering equipment comprises a gas filtering agent, and the gas filtering agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 400-600 parts of magnetized water, 80-100 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 10-15 parts of plant polysaccharide, 5-10 parts of sodium alginate, 3-6 parts of metal organic framework, 3-6 parts of anionic starch, 10-20 parts of aqueous conductive graphite emulsion and 3-6 parts of active silicon; the metal organic framework is at least one of MOF-5, MOF-177 and MOF-210; the plant polysaccharide is at least one of pollen polysaccharide, fig polysaccharide, aloe polysaccharide and mulberry leaf polysaccharide.

10. A secondary lead produced by the high-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead smelting process according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

Technical Field

the invention relates to the technical field of secondary lead smelting, in particular to a high-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead smelting process.

background

With the development of national economy, the usage amount of lead is more and more, so that lead waste parts and waste materials are increased day by day, the lead waste parts and the waste materials not only bring waste of resources, but also pollute the environment due to the severe toxicity of lead, and directly or indirectly harm the health of people. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to recycle lead scraps and scraps.

The secondary lead is a successful case for resource recycling of lead waste and scrap, and is a process for producing refined lead, lead-based alloy or lead compound by using the lead waste and scrap as raw materials. The method successfully changes waste into valuable, not only saves lead resources, but also effectively controls environmental pollution.

The specific smelting method of the traditional secondary lead comprises the following steps: lead metal and lead slag ash are mixed and put into a kiln for smelting, a large amount of lead metal which can be melted at low temperature and fusion-cast lead slag are subjected to high-temperature smelting together, bituminous coal is used as fuel in the smelting process, anthracite and scrap iron are added as ingredients, the feeding amount of each furnace is about 2-4 tons, and the average coal consumption is 560 kilograms of standard coal per ton of lead. In the secondary lead plants with small scale, low yield and simple process and environment-friendly equipment, the recovery rate of metallic lead is only 80 percent, the comprehensive energy consumption is as high as 600kg standard coal/ton lead, more than 8 percent of lead in a large amount of waste slag can not be recycled, and 50 percent of nonferrous metals such as antimony and the like are not recycled. Every year, ten million tons of lead are lost or discharged to the environment, which seriously wastes resources and consumes energy. In the prior art, the smelting process of the secondary lead is difficult to process to meet the requirement of emission standard due to high smelting temperature, low metal recovery rate, high lead content in slag, and large amount of flue gas containing lead, sulfur dioxide and acid mist.

The patent with application publication number CN 105803205A discloses a high-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead smelting process, which comprises the steps of automatically disassembling and separating waste lead-acid storage batteries, mixing carbonated lead paste and a solvent, feeding the mixture into an oxygen-enriched smelting furnace for smelting, generating crude lead, lead slag and low-concentration SO ₂ flue gas, feeding the flue gas of SO ₂ into a desulphurization system for desulphurization and standard discharge after waste heat recovery and dust collection by a dust collector, selling the lead slag as a raw material for a cement plant for vitrified general waste, obtaining refined lead and anode mud for sale by electrolytic refining of the crude lead, and realizing the process.

Therefore, the efficient and energy-saving secondary lead smelting process is very important, and has very important significance for promoting the development of the secondary lead industry.

Disclosure of Invention

the invention mainly aims to provide an efficient energy-saving secondary lead smelting process, which can efficiently, quickly and safely smelt lead waste parts and waste materials into secondary lead, realize resource recycling, change waste into valuable, solve the problems of low metal recovery rate, high slag lead content and environmental pollution caused by a large amount of flue gas containing lead, sulfur dioxide and acid mist generated in the conventional secondary lead smelting process, and have the advantages of high vertical recovery rate, comprehensive recovery rate and labor productivity, less precious metal loss, high economic value, ecological value and social value; meanwhile, the invention also provides the secondary lead prepared by the high-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead smelting process.

In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the high-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead smelting process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

Step S1, preparation of lead raw materials for smelting: the method comprises the following steps of (1) disassembling the waste lead-acid storage battery in a closed disassembling workshop by using automatic crushing and sorting equipment, firstly conveying the waste lead-acid storage battery into a primary crushing device, and enabling sulfuric acid residual liquid in the waste lead-acid storage battery and washing liquid sprayed on the waste lead-acid storage battery to form disassembled waste acid liquid to flow into a waste acid liquid storage pool; conveying the waste lead-acid storage battery from which the sulfuric acid residual liquid is removed to a hydraulic separator, and separating to obtain lead plaster and coarse solids; the coarse solid is crushed and sorted in two stages to obtain a plate grid, heavy plastic, light plastic and a partition plate; the lead plaster is conveyed to a discharging bin for treatment, and the plate grid is directly used as alloy lead smelting furnace burden;

Step S2, lead paste treatment: dehydrating the lead plaster prepared in the step S1 through dehydration equipment, uniformly mixing the lead plaster with a desulfurizing agent, adding the mixture into a stirring tank, and stirring and reacting for 2-5 hours under certain reaction conditions to obtain desulfurized lead plaster;

Step S3, lead smelting raw material forming: adding the desulfurized lead plaster prepared in the step S2, a solvent and a reducing agent into water to form a suspension, then carrying out spray granulation and drying to ensure that the water content is 7-10% to obtain a granular lead smelting raw material;

Step S4, smelting: the granular lead smelting raw material obtained in the step S3 is sent to an oxygen bottom blowing furnace for oxidation smelting to obtain regenerated lead bullion and lead-rich oxidizing slag, and the lead-rich oxidizing slag is sent to a blast furnace for smelting after being condensed and briquetted to obtain a product, namely regenerated lead bullion;

Step S5, byproduct post-processing: and waste gas in the smelting process enters a bag dust removal chamber through a cooling tower to remove lead dust, the lead dust is returned to the blast furnace for smelting, and gas treated by a bag enters flue gas filtering equipment to remove harmful gas, and is discharged after reaching the standard.

further, the mass ratio of the lead plaster to the desulfurizer in the step S2 is 1 (1.3-1.5).

Further, the desulfurizing agent is at least one of sodium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate.

Further, the certain reaction condition is that the reaction temperature is 30-50 ℃.

Further, in the step S3, the mass ratio of the desulfurized lead paste to the flux to the reducing agent is (10-18): (90-110): (8-10).

Further, the fusing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of boron nitride, 100-150 parts of graphene, 30-50 parts of flue ash, 20-30 parts of shale ash, 10-20 parts of strontium, 10-20 parts of scandium, 30-50 parts of rare earth oxide, 200 parts of iron ore 130-containing material and 20-40 parts of pumice.

Further, the reducing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 10-13 parts of nano porous carbon, 12-15 parts of coal powder, 3-5 parts of limestone powder, 1-3 parts of clay, 1-3 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 15-25 parts of water.

furthermore, the particle size of the nano porous carbon is less than or equal to 100 meshes, the particle size of the coal powder is 2-5mm, the particle size of the limestone powder is less than or equal to 3mm, and the particle size of the clay is less than or equal to 80 meshes.

Further, the preparation method of the reducing agent comprises the following steps: mixing nano porous carbon, coal powder, limestone powder, clay and polyvinylpyrrolidone according to a ratio, adding water, stirring, and making into granules.

Further, in the step S3, the air inlet temperature of the spray granulation is 125-135 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 70-80 ℃, and the atomization pressure of the nozzle is 0.05-0.1 MPa; the drying temperature is 85-105 ℃.

Further, the flue gas filtering equipment comprises a gas filtering agent, and the gas filtering agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 400-600 parts of magnetized water, 80-100 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 10-15 parts of plant polysaccharide, 5-10 parts of sodium alginate, 3-6 parts of metal organic framework, 3-6 parts of anionic starch, 10-20 parts of aqueous conductive graphite emulsion and 3-6 parts of active silicon.

further, the metal organic framework is at least one of MOF-5, MOF-177 and MOF-210.

Further, the plant polysaccharide is at least one of pollen polysaccharide, fig polysaccharide, aloe polysaccharide and mulberry leaf polysaccharide.

The invention also aims to provide the secondary lead prepared by the high-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead smelting process.

Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

(1) The high-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead smelting process provided by the invention can efficiently, quickly and safely smelt lead waste parts and waste materials into secondary lead, realizes resource recycling, changes waste into valuable, solves the problems of low metal recovery rate, high slag lead content and environmental pollution caused by a large amount of flue gas containing lead, sulfur dioxide and acid mist generated in the conventional secondary lead smelting process, and has the advantages of high vertical recovery rate, comprehensive recovery rate and labor productivity, less precious metal loss, high economic value, ecological value and social value.

(2) According to the high-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead smelting process provided by the invention, when the smelting raw materials are formed, the drying mode after spray granulation is adopted, so that the compactness of the raw materials is improved, the raw materials are not easy to break in the drying process, the uniform mixing of all components is facilitated, the subsequent smelting efficiency is improved, the vertical yield is improved, and the waste of resources is reduced.

(3) The invention provides an efficient energy-saving secondary lead smelting process, which adopts a first disassembly-oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing smelting method to extract secondary lead, realizes short-flow, large-scale and intensive production, is a low-carbon, environment-friendly and efficient secondary lead production process, carries out granulation smelting on flue gas generated in the smelting process after temperature reduction, dust removal and purification treatment, sends high-sulfur flue gas generated by a bottom-blowing furnace into a double-rotation double-absorption acid making system to make acid, discharges tail gas after reaching the standard, greatly improves the utilization rate of resources, avoids the pollution of the flue gas to the environment, and achieves the aim of clean production.

(4) The invention provides an efficient energy-saving secondary lead smelting process, which is prepared by mixing boron nitride, graphene, flue ash, shale ash, strontium, scandium, rare earth oxide, iron ore and pumice according to a ratio, through reasonable compatibility of the components, the smelting efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the emission of lead-containing pollutants is reduced, and the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved; the added graphene not only can play a role of an epoxy agent, but also can be better contacted with other components due to the large specific surface area, so that the reaction rate is increased.

(5) According to the high-efficiency energy-saving secondary lead smelting process provided by the invention, the reducing agent is composed of nano porous carbon, coal powder, limestone powder, clay and polyvinylpyrrolidone, the reducing agent has a synergistic effect and a good reducing performance, the porous carbon has a large surface area due to a porous structure, the reaction rate can be accelerated, and the components can be bonded together due to the addition and the synergistic effect of the clay and the polyvinylpyrrolidone, so that the synergistic effect is effectively exerted.

Detailed Description

The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The raw materials in the examples of the present invention were all purchased commercially.