阅读说明：本技术 具有取向孔结构的防紫外多孔纤维的制备方法及产品和应用 (preparation method of anti-ultraviolet porous fiber with oriented pore structure, product and application ) 是由 柏浩 王玉洁 于 2018-05-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种具有取向孔结构的防紫外多孔纤维的制备方法及产品和应用,制备方法包括：纺丝溶液的配制,配制时加入紫外线屏蔽剂；纺丝溶液进行纺丝,纺丝时进行定向冷冻,并对冷冻纤维进行收集；冷冻纤维去除冰晶。本发明通过结合定向冷冻和溶液纺丝,得到具有取向孔结构的多孔纤维,同时制备工艺中引入紫外线屏蔽剂,使其同时具备优异的隔热与防紫外性能。(the invention relates to a preparation method of an ultraviolet-proof porous fiber with an oriented pore structure, a product and application, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a spinning solution, wherein an ultraviolet screening agent is added during preparation; spinning the spinning solution, directionally freezing during spinning, and collecting frozen fibers; freezing the fiber to remove ice crystals. According to the invention, the porous fiber with the oriented pore structure is obtained by combining directional freezing and solution spinning, and meanwhile, the ultraviolet screening agent is introduced in the preparation process, so that the porous fiber has excellent heat insulation and ultraviolet resistance.)

1. a preparation method of an ultraviolet-proof porous fiber with an oriented pore structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:

Preparing a spinning solution, wherein an ultraviolet screening agent is added during preparation;

Spinning the spinning solution, directionally freezing during spinning, and collecting frozen fibers;

Freezing the fiber to remove ice crystals.

2. The method for preparing the ultraviolet-proof porous fiber with the oriented pore structure according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:

1) Preparing a natural polymer solution for spinning, and adding an ultraviolet screening agent during preparation; the natural polymer solution comprises one or more of sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution, starch solution, chitosan solution and fibroin solution;

2) Carrying out solution spinning on the natural polymer solution, carrying out directional freezing during spinning, and collecting frozen fibers;

3) And (3) freeze-drying the frozen fiber to remove ice crystals to obtain the ultraviolet-proof porous fiber with the oriented pore structure.

3. The method for preparing the ultraviolet-proof porous fiber with the oriented pore structure according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:

(1) Preparing emulsion to be polymerized, and adding an ultraviolet screening agent during preparation; the emulsion to be polymerized comprises a resin monomer, a free radical polymerization initiator, a reactive emulsifier and a thickening agent, or the emulsion to be polymerized comprises a prepolymer, a free radical polymerization initiator, a reactive emulsifier and a thickening agent, or the emulsion to be polymerized comprises a self-emulsifying prepolymer, a free radical polymerization initiator and a thickening agent;

(2) Carrying out emulsion spinning on the emulsion to be polymerized, carrying out directional freezing during spinning, and collecting frozen fibers;

(3) The frozen fiber is subjected to polymerization reaction in a low-temperature environment;

(4) and unfreezing and drying the frozen fiber to obtain the ultraviolet-proof porous resin fiber with the oriented pore structure.

4. The method for preparing the ultraviolet-proof porous fiber with the oriented pore structure according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:

I, preparing polyamic acid salt hydrogel, and adding an ultraviolet screening agent during preparation;

II, carrying out solution spinning on the polyamic acid salt hydrogel, carrying out directional freezing during spinning, and collecting frozen fibers;

III, freeze drying the frozen fiber to remove ice crystals to obtain porous fiber with an oriented pore structure;

and IV, carrying out thermal imidization on the porous fiber to obtain the polyimide ultraviolet-proof porous fiber.

5. The method of preparing an ultraviolet-proof porous fiber having an oriented pore structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet-screening agent comprises an inorganic ultraviolet-screening agent or an organic ultraviolet-screening agent.

6. The method for preparing the ultraviolet-proof porous fiber with the oriented pore structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein the ultraviolet screening agent is titanium dioxide nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles or organic nickel polymer.

7. The method for preparing the ultraviolet-proof porous fiber with the oriented pore structure according to claim 1, wherein the directional freezing specifically comprises: extruding the spinning solution from an extrusion pump, and then passing through a low-temperature copper ring for directional freezing; the temperature of the low-temperature copper ring is-120 to-30 ℃.

8. an ultraviolet-proof porous fiber with an oriented pore structure, which is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. Use of the ultraviolet-proof porous fiber having an oriented pore structure according to claim 8 as an ultraviolet-proof material.

10. Use of the ultraviolet shielding porous fiber having an oriented pore structure according to claim 8 as a thermal insulation material.

Technical Field

the invention relates to the field of preparation of porous fibers, in particular to a preparation method, a product and application of an ultraviolet-proof porous fiber with an oriented pore structure.

background

The wavelength of the ultraviolet ray is between that of visible light and that of roentgen rays, and the ultraviolet ray is an electromagnetic wave with the wavelength of 180-400 nm. Wherein the ultraviolet ray C with the wavelength of 180-290 nm can be absorbed by the ozone layer. The ultraviolet B with the wavelength of 290-320 nm can be partially absorbed by the ozone layer and partially reaches the ground. The ultraviolet ray A with the wavelength of 320-400 nm can penetrate into the skin to gradually destroy elastic fibers of muscles, so that the muscles lose elasticity, the skin is relaxed, and wrinkles appear. A proper amount of ultraviolet radiation can play a role in sterilizing and promoting the synthesis of vitamin D, but the skin loses the resisting function after receiving the ultraviolet radiation for a long time, the skin turns red, dermatitis and erythema (sunburn) appear, melanin is formed on the surface layer of the skin, the skin is dry and wrinkled, burning is generated, and serious canceration can be caused.

because of air pollution, the atmospheric ozone layer is damaged, every time the ozone layer is reduced by 1%, the ultraviolet ray is increased by 2% -3%, and the increase of the ultraviolet radiation already affects the health of human beings. Meanwhile, ultraviolet rays are one of the main factors affecting the aging of textile materials. Because of the short wavelength of ultraviolet rays, a large amount of energy is accumulated, and macromolecular chains of the fiber material can be broken or photo-oxidation reaction can be initiated to occur. On the other hand, when the fiber material absorbs ultraviolet rays to release energy, the energy is converted into heat energy, and the aging process of the fiber material is accelerated by the action of the heat. Therefore, it is necessary to develop ultraviolet resistant functional fiber and fabric.

The ability of fibers and fabrics to resist ultraviolet light is largely dependent on their own ability to shield ultraviolet light. At present, the method for realizing the ultraviolet resistance function of the fiber and the fabric mainly comprises two methods:

(1) Ultraviolet screening agents are incorporated during the fiber production process. In the process of synthesizing the fiber, the ultraviolet screening agent is made into the ultraviolet resistant fiber by the methods of blended spinning, core-shell spinning and the like. The ultraviolet screening agent is required to have good compatibility with the fiber and be uniformly dispersed in the fiber to ensure the physical and mechanical properties of the fiber. The fabric obtained by the method has obvious ultraviolet resistance effect, strong durability and good hand feeling, and can meet the requirements of clothing fabrics. The defects are high treatment technical requirement, high cost, difficult application to natural fibers and difficult control of the effect during blending.

(2) Post-finishing method. After the fiber is woven into the fabric, the fabric is endowed with the function of ultraviolet resistance by adopting a high-temperature high-pressure exhaustion method, a normal-pressure exhaustion method, a dipping method, a coating method, a microcapsule technology, a printing method, a sol-gel technology and other methods. The fabric obtained by the method has little influence on the fiber performance, the fabric style, the water absorption and the mechanical property. The disadvantages are the poor hand feel and the poor resistance to washing.

Directional freezing is a method that uses temperature gradients to influence and control the movement and assembly of raw materials to obtain oriented structure porous materials. In recent years, various porous materials with oriented structures are successfully prepared by utilizing a directional freezing method. Deville et al (s.deville, e.saiz, a.p.tomsia, Biomaterials 2006,27,5480.) successfully prepared hydroxyapatite scaffold materials, the presence of oriented structures giving such materials greater compressive strength than other structures. The graphene/cellulose composite scaffold material prepared by Wicklein et al (b.wicklein, a.kocjan, g.salazar-Alvarez, f.carosio, g.camino, m.antonietti, l.bergstrom, nat.nanotechnol.2014,10,27791) by using the directional freezing method has better heat insulation and flame retardant properties because of the oriented structure.

however, the conventional directional freezing method cannot realize continuous large-scale preparation due to the limitation of a mold, and the application of the directional freezing method to the preparation of porous fibers is severely limited for the occasions requiring large-scale continuous preparation of porous fibers.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an anti-ultraviolet porous fiber with an oriented pore structure, which aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art.

The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

A method for preparing an ultraviolet-proof porous fiber with an oriented pore structure comprises the following steps:

Preparing a spinning solution, wherein an ultraviolet screening agent is added during preparation;

Spinning the spinning solution, directionally freezing during spinning, and collecting frozen fibers;

Freezing the fiber to remove ice crystals.

The porous fiber prepared by the technical scheme has excellent heat insulation and ultraviolet resistance. After the spinning solution is extruded from the extrusion pump, the nucleation and growth of ice crystals are oriented in the extrusion direction due to the influence of the temperature gradient, and an oriented pore structure is formed. Meanwhile, as the system is subjected to micro-phase separation, the raw materials are extruded and compressed in gaps among the ice crystals by the ice crystals. After the freezing is completed, removing the ice crystal to obtain the porous fiber which uses the ice crystal as a template and has an oriented pore structure. Meanwhile, the ultraviolet screening agent is introduced into the spinning solution, so that the porous fiber is endowed with excellent ultraviolet resistance.

the preparation method of the ultraviolet-proof porous fiber with the oriented pore structure comprises the following steps:

1) Preparing a natural polymer solution for spinning, and adding an ultraviolet screening agent during preparation; the natural polymer solution comprises one or more of sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution, starch solution, chitosan solution and fibroin solution;

2) Carrying out solution spinning on the natural polymer solution, carrying out directional freezing during spinning, and collecting frozen fibers;

3) and (3) freeze-drying the frozen fiber to remove ice crystals to obtain the ultraviolet-proof porous fiber with the oriented pore structure.

Preferably, the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution is a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution, and the mass fraction of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution is 1% -10%. Preparation of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution: dissolving sodium carboxymethylcellulose powder in water to prepare sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution.

preferably, the starch solution is a starch aqueous solution, and the mass fraction of the starch solution is 1-10%. Preparation of starch solution: dissolving water-soluble starch powder in water to prepare starch solution.

Preferably, the chitosan solution is a chitosan acetic acid solution; the concentration of the chitosan solution is 20-60 mg/ml. Preparation of chitosan solution: dissolving chitosan powder in acetic acid solution to prepare chitosan solution, wherein the mass concentration of the acetic acid solution is 0.5-1.5%.

Preferably, the preparation of the fibroin solution: shearing natural silkworm cocoons, boiling and drying in a sodium carbonate solution, dissolving in a lithium bromide solution, and preparing a fibroin solution after complete dialysis; the mass fraction of the fibroin solution is 1% -30%.

Preferably, the natural polymer solution comprises a chitosan solution and a fibroin solution, wherein the mass ratio of fibroin to chitosan is 4-10: 1.

The preparation method of the ultraviolet-proof porous fiber with the oriented pore structure comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparing emulsion to be polymerized, and adding an ultraviolet screening agent during preparation; the emulsion to be polymerized comprises a resin monomer, a free radical polymerization initiator, a reactive emulsifier and a thickening agent, or the emulsion to be polymerized comprises a prepolymer, a free radical polymerization initiator, a reactive emulsifier and a thickening agent, or the emulsion to be polymerized comprises a self-emulsifying prepolymer, a free radical polymerization initiator and a thickening agent;

(2) Carrying out emulsion spinning on the emulsion to be polymerized, carrying out directional freezing during spinning, and collecting frozen fibers;

(3) The frozen fiber is subjected to polymerization reaction in a low-temperature environment;

(4) And unfreezing and drying the frozen fiber to obtain the ultraviolet-proof porous resin fiber with the oriented pore structure.

Preferably, the emulsion to be polymerized comprises, in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of resin monomer or prepolymer, 1-5 parts of free radical polymerization initiator, 1-10 parts of reactive emulsifier and 1-10 parts of thickener.

Preferably, the emulsion to be polymerized comprises, in parts by weight: 5-40 parts of self-emulsifying prepolymer, 1-5 parts of free radical polymerization initiator and 1-10 parts of thickening agent.

The resin monomer in the present invention is a resin monomer that can undergo radical polymerization. Preferably, the resin monomer is one or more selected from styrene, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylic acid, ethyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate.

Preferably, the prepolymer is selected from an epoxy acrylate prepolymer or an acrylated polycarbonate prepolymer.

Preferably, the self-emulsifying prepolymer is selected from water-based polyurethane acrylate or water-based epoxy acrylate.

The thickener in the invention is mainly used for thickening and thickening the emulsion so as to enable the emulsion to be polymerized to carry out emulsion spinning. Preferably, the thickener is selected from nanoclay or sodium hydroxypropyl cellulose.

The reactive emulsifier of the present invention can be an emulsifier which can emulsify a resin monomer or a prepolymer and can copolymerize with the resin monomer or the prepolymer under specific conditions such as ultraviolet irradiation and high-energy radiation. The reactive emulsifier can be selected from emulsifier ER series (such as ER-10), SR series (such as SR-10), NE series (such as NE-10), SE series (such as SE-10N), COPS-2 (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt), HE-1012 (Henan chemical). Preferably, the reactive emulsifier is selected from one or more of ER-10, SR-10, NE-10, SE-10N, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl sodium propane sulfonate and HE-1012.

The radical polymerization initiator in the present invention includes organic peroxide initiators, inorganic peroxide initiators, azo initiators, redox initiators and other types of photoinitiators. Preferably, the radical polymerization initiator in step 1) is selected from benzoyl peroxide and N, N-dimethyl benzamide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide and trioctyl tertiary amine, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone or 2-hydroxy-4' - (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-methyl phenylpropyl ketone.

Preferably, the emulsion to be polymerized further comprises a crosslinking agent; the cross-linking agent is selected from one or more of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, divinyl benzene, diisocyanate and N, N-methylene bisacrylamide.

Preferably, the temperature of the low-temperature environment is-40 to-10 ℃. Further preferably-20 ℃.

Preferably, the self-emulsifying prepolymer is water-based polyurethane acrylate, the free radical polymerization initiator is 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-acetone, and the polymerization reaction is carried out under the irradiation of ultraviolet light.

Preferably, the drying is vacuum drying at 30-60 ℃. Because the resin fiber has small hydrophilicity and high strength, the resin fiber does not need vacuum freeze drying after freezing, only needs vacuum drying at 30-60 ℃ after thawing, and does not cause the collapse of the pore canal structure.

the preparation method of the ultraviolet-proof porous fiber with the oriented pore structure comprises the following steps:

I, preparing polyamic acid salt hydrogel, and adding an ultraviolet screening agent during preparation;

II, carrying out solution spinning on the polyamic acid salt hydrogel, carrying out directional freezing during spinning, and collecting frozen fibers;

III, freeze drying the frozen fiber to remove ice crystals to obtain porous fiber with an oriented pore structure;

And IV, carrying out thermal imidization on the porous fiber to obtain the polyimide ultraviolet-proof porous fiber.

Preferably, the mass fraction of the polyamic acid salt hydrogel is 3-20%. More preferably 5 to 15%.

The polyamic acid salt hydrogel in the present invention can be prepared by the prior art. Preferably, the preparation of the polyamic acid salt hydrogel comprises:

1.1) dissolving 4,4' -diaminodiphenyl ether in dimethylacetamide, adding pyromellitic dianhydride and triethylamine for reaction to obtain polyamic acid salt solid;

1.2) mixing the polyamic acid salt solid with triethylamine and water to obtain polyamic acid salt hydrogel.

further preferably, the preparation of the polyamic acid salt hydrogel specifically comprises:

1.1) dissolving 4,4' -diaminodiphenyl ether in dimethylacetamide, adding pyromellitic dianhydride and triethylamine, mixing and stirring to obtain polyamic acid salt solution; pouring the polyamic acid salt solution into water for separation, washing, freezing and drying to obtain polyamic acid salt solid;

1.2) mixing and stirring the polyamic acid salt solid, triethylamine and water, and standing to obtain polyamic acid salt hydrogel.

Preferably, the thermal imidization refers to: and (3) carrying out three-stage heating and three-stage constant temperature treatment on the porous fiber, wherein the heating and the constant temperature treatment are alternately carried out.

further preferably, the thermal imidization specifically includes: heating to 90-110 deg.C at room temperature at 1-3 deg.C/min, and maintaining for 25-35 min; heating to 190-210 ℃ at a speed of 1-3 ℃/min, and keeping for 25-35 min; heating to 290 ℃ and 310 ℃ at the speed of 1-3 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 55-65 min.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the spinning solution to the ultraviolet screening agent is 50-1000: 1. The spinning solution may be provided with an anti-uv radiation property by adding a uv-screening agent which absorbs or reflects uv rays to reduce uv transmission when the uv rays are incident on the fiber or fabric.

preferably, the ultraviolet shielding agent includes an inorganic ultraviolet shielding agent or an organic ultraviolet shielding agent. The inorganic ultraviolet screening agent is one or more selected from titanium dioxide nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, iron oxide, calcium carbide, china clay, kaolin and talcum powder. The organic ultraviolet screening agent is selected from one or more of benzophenones, salicylates, metal ion chelates, benzotriazoles and organic nickel polymers.

Further preferably, the ultraviolet shielding agent is titanium dioxide nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles or an organic nickel polymer.

Preferably, the directional freezing specifically comprises: extruding the spinning solution from an extrusion pump, and then passing through a low-temperature copper ring for directional freezing; the temperature of the low-temperature copper ring is-120 to-30 ℃.

The invention provides an ultraviolet-proof porous fiber with an oriented pore structure, which is prepared by the preparation method. The diameter of the porous fiber is 100 to 1000 μm, and the pore diameter is 10 to 100 μm.

The invention provides application of the ultraviolet-proof porous fiber with the oriented pore structure as an ultraviolet-proof material.

The invention provides application of the ultraviolet-proof porous fiber with the oriented pore structure as a heat insulation material.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The preparation method is simple, can be used for continuous large-scale preparation, is suitable for industrial amplification application, and can be used for designing different materials according to actual requirements.

(2) The preparation method can prepare the porous fiber with different pore diameters by adjusting the temperature of the directional freezing, and in addition, the pore diameter, the porosity and the pore appearance of the porous structure of the fiber can be adjusted in a large range.

(3) In the invention, the porous fiber with an oriented pore structure is obtained by combining directional freezing and solution spinning; meanwhile, the ultraviolet screening agent is introduced, so that the porous fiber is endowed with excellent ultraviolet resistance.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for the directional freeze-spinning process of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an optical diagram of a porous fiber prepared in example 1;

FIG. 3 is an SEM image of a porous fiber prepared in example 1;

FIG. 4 is a distribution diagram of Ti element in the porous fiber prepared in example 1;

FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the tensile strength of porous fibers prepared in example 1;

FIG. 6 is an SEM image of a porous fiber prepared in example 2;

FIG. 7 is an SEM image of a porous fiber prepared in example 6;

FIG. 8 is an infrared image of a porous fibrous woven fabric prepared in example 6;

FIG. 9 is an SEM photograph of a porous resin fiber prepared in example 7;

FIG. 10 is an SEM photograph of a porous resin fiber prepared in example 9;

FIG. 11 is an SEM image of a porous fiber prepared in example 12;

FIG. 12 is an SEM image of a porous fiber prepared in example 13;

Fig. 13 is an SEM image of the porous fiber prepared in example 14.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples: