阅读说明：本技术 一种青贮饲料的制作方法 (Method for preparing silage ) 是由 秦宪忠 温世昌 于 2019-10-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种青贮饲料的制作方法,包含如下制备步骤：(1)玉米采摘完毕后,收获玉米秸秆全株,去根,洗净,切割成长度2～5cm的小段秸秆,将小段秸秆调节含水量至65％～75％；(2)配置添加剂Ⅰ,添加剂Ⅰ包括钙粉、玉米面、豆粕、小麦麸皮、茴香油、新鲜宽叶独行菜叶、富马酸亚铁、新鲜鸡骨草；将添加剂Ⅰ与小段秸秆混合拌匀获得混合物A；(3)制备添加剂Ⅱ,添加剂Ⅱ为石耳-菜油籽-马齿苋的复合提取物,将添加剂Ⅱ加入所述混合物A中拌匀获得混合物B；(4)将混合物B装入青贮袋中,密封,袋内抽真空,室内存放,避光,存放60天以上,获得青贮饲料。通过本发明所述方法制得的青贮饲料青贮效果良好,饲料营养水平高,安全性高,具有广阔的市场前景。(The invention discloses a preparation method of silage, which comprises the following preparation steps: (1) after the corn is picked, harvesting the whole corn straw, removing roots, cleaning, cutting into small sections of straws with the length of 2-5 cm, and adjusting the water content of the small sections of straws to 65% -75%; (2) preparing an additive I, wherein the additive I comprises calcium powder, corn flour, bean pulp, wheat bran, fennel oil, fresh broad-leaf Lepidium Merrill leaf, ferrous fumarate and fresh abrus cantoniensis; mixing the additive I and the small sections of straws uniformly to obtain a mixture A; (3) preparing an additive II which is a compound extract of the umbilicaria esculenta, the rapeseed and the purslane, and adding the additive II into the mixture A to be uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture B; (4) and putting the mixture B into a silage bag, sealing, vacuumizing the bag, storing indoors and keeping out of the sun for more than 60 days to obtain silage. The silage prepared by the method has the advantages of good silage effect, high feed nutrition level, high safety and wide market prospect.)

1. The preparation method of the novel silage is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:

(1) after the corn is picked, harvesting the whole corn straw, removing roots, cleaning, cutting into small sections of straws with the length of 2-5 cm, and adjusting the water content of the small sections of straws to 65% -75%;

(2) preparing an additive I, wherein the additive I comprises calcium powder, corn flour, bean pulp, wheat bran, fennel oil, fresh broad-leaf Lepidium Merrill leaf, ferrous fumarate and fresh abrus cantoniensis; mixing and uniformly stirring the additive I and the small sections of straws to obtain a mixture A;

(3) preparing an additive II which is a compound extract of the umbilicaria esculenta, the rapeseed and the purslane, and adding the additive II into the mixture A and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture B;

(4) and (3) putting the mixture B into a silage bag, sealing, vacuumizing the silage bag, storing the silage bag indoors and in a dark place for more than 60 days to obtain the silage.

2. The method for preparing the novel silage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the additive I comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-4 parts of calcium powder, 50-60 parts of corn flour, 10-16 parts of bean pulp, 10-16 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of fennel oil, 8-12 parts of fresh broad-leaf Lepidium Merrill leaf, 1-3 parts of ferrous fumarate and 15-20 parts of fresh abrus cantoniensis hance.

3. The manufacturing method of the novel silage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the additive I and the small segments of straw is small segments of straw: and (3) the additive I is 100: 10-14.

4. The method for preparing the novel silage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the additive II comprises:

1) mixing herba Saussureae Involueratae, semen Brassicae campestris and fresh herba Portulacae leaf, chopping, placing the chopped material in a sealed container, sealing the container, introducing nitrogen gas until the pressure in the container is not less than 3 atm, and maintaining the pressure for more than 10 min;

2) deflating the sealed container after pressure maintaining, vacuumizing until the pressure in the container is less than or equal to 0.2 atmospheric pressure, maintaining the pressure for more than 30min, taking out the chopped objects after the pressure maintaining is finished, soaking the chopped objects in an extracting solution for extraction, keeping the temperature of the solution at 50-60 ℃, wherein the extracting solution is an aqueous solution of malic acid, performing solid-liquid separation after the extraction is finished to obtain a solid phase C and a liquid phase, and performing reduced pressure concentration on the liquid phase to obtain a liquid phase D;

3) and soaking the solid phase C in a cellulase solution for enzymolysis, keeping the temperature of the solution constant at 28-30 ℃, filtering after treatment, soaking the solid phase in an ethanol solution again for extraction, performing solid-liquid separation after extraction, concentrating the liquid phase under reduced pressure until the weight is constant to obtain an extract, and mixing the extract with the liquid phase D to obtain the additive II.

5. The method for preparing the novel silage as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mix mass ratio of the umbilicaria esculenta, the rape oil seeds and the fresh purslane leaves is that the ratio of umbilicaria esculenta to fresh purslane leaves is that: dried vegetable oil seeds: fresh purslane leaves are 10: 6-12: 2-5.

6. The method for preparing a novel silage as claimed in claim 4, wherein the concentration of malic acid in the extract is 20-50 g/L, the rest is water, the mass of the extract is 5-6 times of the total mass of the chopped matter soaked in the extract, and the liquid phase is concentrated under reduced pressure to 1/5-1/4 of the original volume to obtain the liquid phase D.

7. The method for preparing a novel silage as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cellulase in the cellulase solution is 2-3% by mass, and the mass of the solid phase C soaked in the cellulase solution is 5-6 times of the mass of the solid phase C.

8. The method for preparing silage according to claim 4, wherein additive II is added into mixture A in a mass ratio of: mixture A: and (3) the additive II is 100: 4-7.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of feed processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of silage.

Background

The silage takes green straws of crops as feed raw materials, and is processed by the application of silage technology to prepare feed food with strong palatability for livestock and poultry, and the original nutrient substance characteristics of the green straws are fully utilized to be processed into the green feed with high fresh-keeping performance. So that the livestock and poultry have sufficient food sources when the forage grass resources are few.

Ensiling is a method for storing feed for a long time by converting soluble carbohydrates into organic acids mainly comprising lactic acid by lactic acid bacteria attached to the surfaces of crops under anaerobic conditions, reducing the pH value of the feed and inhibiting the growth and reproduction of other spoilage microorganisms. Many crop materials can be used to prepare silage, such as pasture grass, alfalfa, barley, corn, wheat, sorghum, and the like. Wherein, the pasture, alfalfa and corn are widely applied to the dairy cow feeding industry at present due to the high nutritive value and the high fiber content. The process of ensiling comprises the following steps: harvesting crops in a proper period, crushing, storing in a cellar, compacting, sealing, storing and opening the cellar for use. These processes can be divided into four phases: aerobic stage, fermentation stage, storage stage and cellar opening stage. In the aerobic stage, plant cells mainly utilize trace oxygen left in gaps of crops and carbon sources such as glucose, fructose and the like to continue respiration, some aerobic microorganisms attached to the crops can grow, lactic acid bacteria attached to the surfaces of the corns can be subjected to mixed acid fermentation in the period, and the pH value of the feed is slightly reduced; the fermentation stage begins when the interior of the silage word becomes strictly anaerobic and generally lasts for several days to several weeks, different kinds of facultative anaerobes and anaerobes compete for limited nutrient components in the silage word, and in good silage word, lactic acid bacteria should dominate the fermentation process, rapidly produce acid, manufacture a low-pH environment and store the feed; the storage phase usually lasts for several months and the feed is preserved with little change in the low pH and oxygen-free environment.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a novel silage preparation method, which comprises the following preparation steps:

(1) after the corn is picked, harvesting the whole corn straw, removing roots, cleaning, cutting into small sections of straws with the length of 2-5 cm, and adjusting the water content of the small sections of straws to 65% -75%;

(2) preparing an additive I, wherein the additive I comprises calcium powder, corn flour, bean pulp, wheat bran, fennel oil, fresh broad-leaf Lepidium Merrill leaf, ferrous fumarate and fresh abrus cantoniensis; mixing and uniformly stirring the additive I and the small sections of straws to obtain a mixture A;

(3) preparing an additive II which is a compound extract of the umbilicaria esculenta, the rapeseed and the purslane, and adding the additive II into the mixture A and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture B;

(4) and (3) putting the mixture B into a silage bag, sealing, vacuumizing the silage bag, storing the silage bag indoors and in a dark place for more than 60 days to obtain the silage.

Further, the additive I comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-4 parts of calcium powder, 50-60 parts of corn flour, 10-16 parts of bean pulp, 10-16 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of fennel oil, 8-12 parts of fresh broad-leaf Lepidium Merrill leaf, 1-3 parts of ferrous fumarate and 15-20 parts of fresh abrus cantoniensis hance.

Further, the mixing mass ratio of the additive I to the small sections of straws is that the small sections of straws: and (3) the additive I is 100: 10-14.

Further, the preparation method of the additive II comprises the following steps:

1) mixing herba Saussureae Involueratae, semen Brassicae campestris and fresh herba Portulacae leaf, chopping, placing the chopped material in a sealed container, sealing the container, introducing nitrogen gas until the pressure in the container is not less than 3 atm, and maintaining the pressure for more than 10 min;

2) deflating the sealed container after pressure maintaining, vacuumizing until the pressure in the container is less than or equal to 0.2 atmospheric pressure, maintaining the pressure for more than 30min, taking out the chopped objects after the pressure maintaining is finished, soaking the chopped objects in an extracting solution for extraction, keeping the temperature of the solution at 50-60 ℃, wherein the extracting solution is an aqueous solution of malic acid, performing solid-liquid separation after the extraction is finished to obtain a solid phase C and a liquid phase, and performing reduced pressure concentration on the liquid phase to obtain a liquid phase D;

3) and soaking the solid phase C in a cellulase solution for enzymolysis, keeping the temperature of the solution constant at 28-30 ℃, filtering after treatment, soaking the solid phase in an ethanol solution again for extraction, performing solid-liquid separation after extraction, concentrating the liquid phase under reduced pressure until the weight is constant to obtain an extract, and mixing the extract with the liquid phase D to obtain the additive II.

Further, the mixing mass ratio of the umbilicaria esculenta, the dried rapeseed oil seeds and the fresh purslane leaves is that the umbilicaria esculenta: dried vegetable oil seeds: fresh purslane leaves are 10: 6-12: 2-5.

Further, in the extracting solution, the concentration of malic acid is 20-50 g/L, the balance is water, the mass of the extracting solution is 5-6 times of the total mass of the chopped materials soaked in the extracting solution, and the liquid phase is subjected to reduced pressure concentration to 1/5-1/4 of the original volume, so that the liquid phase D is obtained.

Further, the mass percentage of the cellulase in the cellulase solution is 2% -3%, and the mass of the cellulase solution is 5-6 times of that of the solid phase C soaked in the cellulase solution.

Further, the mass ratio of the additive II added into the mixture A is as follows: mixture A: and (3) the additive II is 100: 4-7.

According to the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the silage prepared by the method has the advantages of good silage effect, high feed nutrition level, high safety and wide market prospect. Tests show that the additive I is favorable for improving the silage quality of the feed, and the additive II is favorable for improving the aerobic stability of the feed.

Detailed Description

The following is a detailed description with reference to examples: