阅读说明：本技术 一种半导体温差发电驻车加热器 (Semiconductor thermoelectric generation parking heater ) 是由 张锐 刘运生 高怀斌 张波 于 2019-09-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种半导体温差发电驻车加热器,包括带有烟筒的外壳,外壳内设置带有烟气出口的燃烧室,燃烧室的内部设置燃烧器,燃烧器前端外部设置有助燃空气静压腔,后端开设有出气孔,出气孔经陶瓷泡沫与燃烧室内部相连通；燃烧室靠近燃烧器一端的侧壁上开设烟气出口,烟气出口与烟筒连接,燃烧室内壁与燃烧器之间形成烟气通道,烟气通过燃烧室内壁与燃烧器之间的烟气通道,经烟气出口后由烟筒排出。本装置既提供了热能又提供了电能,实现了对燃料的充分利用,提到了利用效率,广泛用于长途货车、客车等车辆的取暖。(A semiconductor thermoelectric generation parking heater comprises a shell with a chimney, wherein a combustion chamber with a flue gas outlet is arranged in the shell, a combustor is arranged in the combustion chamber, a combustion-supporting air static pressure cavity is arranged outside the front end of the combustor, an air outlet is formed in the rear end of the combustor, and the air outlet is communicated with the interior of the combustion chamber through ceramic foam; the side wall of the combustion chamber close to one end of the combustor is provided with a flue gas outlet, the flue gas outlet is connected with the chimney, a flue gas channel is formed between the inner wall of the combustion chamber and the combustor, and flue gas passes through the flue gas channel between the inner wall of the combustion chamber and the combustor and is discharged from the chimney after passing through the flue gas outlet. The device provides both heat energy and electric energy, realizes the full utilization of fuel, improves the utilization efficiency, and is widely applied to heating of vehicles such as long-distance trucks, buses and the like.)

1. A semiconductor thermoelectric generation parking heater is characterized by comprising a shell (15) with a chimney (16), wherein a combustion chamber (14) with a flue gas outlet is arranged in the shell (15), a combustor (6) is arranged in the combustion chamber (14), a combustion air static pressure cavity (17) is arranged outside the front end of the combustor (6), an air outlet is formed in the rear end of the combustor, and the air outlet is communicated with the interior of the combustion chamber (14) through ceramic foam (12); a flue gas outlet is formed in the side wall of the combustion chamber (14), the flue gas outlet is connected with the chimney (16), a flue gas channel is formed between the inner wall of the combustion chamber (14) and the combustor (6), and the flue gas passes through the flue gas channel between the inner wall of the combustion chamber (14) and the combustor (6) and is discharged from the chimney (16) after passing through the flue gas outlet; the outer side of the combustion chamber (14) is sleeved with a first row of thermoelectric generation modules (8) and a second row of thermoelectric generation modules (10), the first row of thermoelectric generation modules (8) are provided with a first row of fan-shaped radiators (7), and the second row of thermoelectric generation modules (10) are provided with a second row of fan-shaped radiators (9).

2. The semiconductor thermoelectric generation parking heater according to claim 1, wherein an oil absorption felt is arranged at the end of the burner (6), and the burner (6) is connected with an oil pump (18), a combustion fan (5) and a motor (4); fuel oil is sucked into an oil absorption felt at the end part of the combustor (6) through an oil inlet pipe (19) by an oil pump (18), then is mixed with air sucked into the combustor (6) through a combustion air inlet pipe (20), and is combusted in the combustor (6).

3. A semiconductor thermoelectric generation parking heater according to claim 2, characterized in that the controller (3) and the storage battery (21) are arranged outside the motor (4), and the controller (3) and the storage battery (21) are both connected with the motor (4).

4. The semiconductor thermoelectric generation parking heater according to claim 2, wherein air sucked from the air inlet (1) is supplied to a user through the air supply outlet (13) after exchanging heat with the first row of fan-shaped radiators (7), the second row of fan-shaped radiators (9) and the auxiliary radiator (11).

5. The semiconductor thermoelectric generation parking heater according to claim 2, wherein the distance between the first row of fan-shaped radiators (7) and the second row of fan-shaped radiators (9) is 0.8-1 mm, and the heights of the first row of fan-shaped radiators (7) and the second row of fan-shaped radiators (9) are both 100-120 mm.

6. The semiconductor thermoelectric generation parking heater as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first row of fan-shaped radiators (7) and the second row of fan-shaped radiators (9) both adopt a gradual change type honeycomb radiator with a porosity of 0.4-0.6, the diameter of the holes of the gradual change type honeycomb radiator gradually increases from the bottom to the top, the ratio of two adjacent rows of holes is 1: 1.1-1.3, the diameter of the first row of holes at the bottom is 1.5-2 mm, and the diameter of the last row of holes at the top is 5-6 mm.

7. The semiconductor thermoelectric generation parking heater according to claim 1, wherein a filter screen is arranged at the air inlet (1); the wind guide ring is provided with a wind guide grid; the burner (6) is an evaporative burner; the radiator (9) is a gradual change honeycomb radiator.

8. The semiconductor thermoelectric generation parking heater of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor thermoelectric generation parking heater is characterized in thatThe ratio of the air volume of the blower (2) to the fuel consumption of the combustion chamber (14) is 375m³L; the air volume ratio of the combustion-supporting fan (5) to the air feeder (2) is 1: 8-10.

9. The semiconductor thermoelectric generation parking heater according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic foam has a porosity of 0.80 to 0.95 and a pore density of 5 to 20 PPI; fins are arranged at the front end and the rear end in the combustion chamber (14), the number of the front end fins in the combustion chamber is more than that of the rear end fins, the number ratio of the front end fins to the rear end fins is (1.3-1.5):1, the height of the front end fins is higher than that of the rear end fins, and the height ratio of the front end fins to the rear end fins is (0.6-0.8): 1.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a semiconductor temperature difference power generation parking heater, which belongs to the technical field of temperature difference power generation, power supply and combustion heating.

Background

Heating equipment is needed in most areas of China in winter, and the heating equipment commonly used at present mainly adopts a heating system taking hot water or steam as a heating medium, such as a boiler, a radiator and a fan heater; heating equipment using electricity as a heat source, such as an electric heater. However, the two heating devices have many disadvantages: for example, a heating system using hot water or steam as a heating medium has the defects of large initial investment, large occupied area, long construction period, complex operation and maintenance and environmental pollution, and for example, a heating device using electricity as a heat source has low efficiency and overhigh cost although being convenient to use. The warm air machine has good quality of hot air, no open fire and good maneuverability, is suitable for heating under the camping conditions of departments such as army command organs, field hospitals, confidential communications, field repair and the like in wartime, and is suitable for heating in field work in cold seasons of departments such as petroleum, natural gas, railways, communications and the like in peacetime. However, the existing fan heater has the following disadvantages: firstly, the wind speed of cold wind sucked by the fan blade is fast, so that the flame burnt in the combustion cylinder is easy to be unstable; secondly, the gear pump is adopted to convey the fuel, the atomized particles of the fuel are large, the combustion is insufficient, and the spraying amount of the fuel cannot be adjusted.

In order to overcome the defect of insufficient combustion, the combustion effect is generally improved by an improved combustion air supply mode or a fuel atomization mode. The patent with the application number of 201120209070.X provides "a novel fuel fan heater", is equipped with the flame stabilizing fan dish between fan blade and a combustion section of thick bamboo, and in the reentrant combustion section of thick bamboo of flame stabilizing fan dish when inhaling cold wind, wind speed and wind direction are stable, the flame stabilization in the combustion section of thick bamboo. Patent 201120209823.7 proposes a "fuel fan heater", which uses an air pump to deliver fuel, so that the atomized particles of fuel are smaller and the combustion is more sufficient; the air outlet quantity of the air pump can be adjusted through the air adjusting valve, so that the suction quantity of the fuel oil is adjusted, and the purpose of adjusting the fuel injection quantity is achieved. The method has certain help for improving the combustion efficiency of the fan heater, and the effect is not ideal enough. In addition, the biggest shortcoming of fuel oil electric fan heater for camping is that external power is needed when the electric fan heater is operated, a generator with certain power needs to be equipped when the electric fan heater is used in the field, the working noise of the generator is large, and the rest of field workers at night is influenced. Meanwhile, when the generator is maintained or breaks down, the fan heater is also forced to stop and stop heating.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a semiconductor temperature difference power generation parking heater, which solves the defect of insufficient combustion of the parking heater by adopting evaporative efficient combustion, and solves the problem that the parking heater needs an external power supply by utilizing the temperature difference power generation of heat released by combustion for the self electric equipment of the parking heater.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a semiconductor thermoelectric generation parking heater comprises a shell with a chimney, wherein a combustion chamber with a flue gas outlet is arranged in the shell, a combustor is arranged in the combustion chamber, a combustion-supporting air static pressure cavity is arranged outside the front end of the combustor, an air outlet is formed in the rear end of the combustor, and the air outlet is communicated with the interior of the combustion chamber through ceramic foam; a smoke outlet is formed in the side wall of the combustion chamber and connected with the chimney, a smoke channel is formed between the inner wall of the combustion chamber and the combustor, and smoke passes through the smoke channel between the inner wall of the combustion chamber and the combustor and is discharged from the chimney after passing through the smoke outlet; the first row of thermoelectric generation modules and the second row of thermoelectric generation modules are sleeved outside the combustion chamber, the first row of thermoelectric generation modules are provided with first row of fan-shaped radiators, and the second row of thermoelectric generation modules (10) are provided with second row of fan-shaped radiators.

The invention has the further improvement that the end part of the burner is provided with an oil absorption felt, and the burner is connected with an oil pump, a combustion fan and a motor; the fuel oil is sucked into the oil absorption felt at the end part of the combustor through the oil inlet pipe by the oil pump, then is mixed with the air sucked into the combustor through the combustion fan and the combustion air inlet pipe, and then enters the combustor to be combusted in the combustor.

The invention further improves that the first row temperature difference power generation module and the second row temperature difference power generation module are connected with the electric supply burner, the motor and the oil pump.

The invention is further improved in that the controller and the storage battery are arranged outside the motor, and are connected with the motor.

The invention is further improved in that the air sucked by the blower through the air inlet is supplied to users through the air supply outlet after exchanging heat with the first row of fan-shaped radiators, the second row of fan-shaped radiators and the auxiliary radiators.

The invention is further improved in that the distance between the first row of fan-shaped radiators and the second row of fan-shaped radiators is 0.8-1 mm, and the heights of the first row of fan-shaped radiators and the second row of fan-shaped radiators are both 100-120 mm.

The invention has the further improvement that the distance between two adjacent radiators in each row is 1-3 mm; the first row of fan-shaped radiators and the second row of fan-shaped radiators both adopt gradual change type honeycomb radiators with the porosity of 0.4-0.6, the diameters of holes of the gradual change type honeycomb radiators are gradually increased from the bottom to the top, the ratio of two adjacent rows of holes is 1: 1.1-1.3, the diameter of the first row of holes at the bottom is 1.5-2 mm, and the diameter of the last row of holes at the top is 5-6 mm.

The invention has the further improvement that the blower is an axial flow fan, and a filter screen is arranged at the air inlet; the wind guide ring is provided with a wind guide grid; the burner is an evaporative burner; the radiator is a gradual change honeycomb type radiator.

The invention is further improved in that the ratio of the air volume of the blower to the fuel consumption of the combustion chamber is 375m³L; the air quantity ratio of the combustion-supporting fan to the air feeder is 1: 8-10.

The invention has the further improvement that the porosity of the ceramic foam is 0.80-0.95, and the pore density is 5-20 PPI; fins are arranged at the front end and the rear end in the combustion chamber, the number of the front end fins in the combustion chamber is more than that of the rear end fins, the number ratio of the front end fins to the rear end fins is (1.3-1.5) to 1, the height of the front end fins is higher than that of the rear end fins, and the height ratio of the front end fins to the rear end fins is (0.6-0.8) to 1.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the parking heater is provided with a plurality of temperature difference power generation modules, can generate power by utilizing heat generated by fuel combustion, supplies power for devices such as a fan, an oil pump, a control system, an ignition system and the like, and gets rid of the current situation that the traditional parking heater is externally connected with a power supply when in work, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of energy; the radiator is arranged, so that the heat dissipation capacity of the device can be enhanced, and when the warm air sent out by the air feeder is faster and cannot reach the temperature required by people, the temperature of the warm air can be increased by utilizing the radiator for heat exchange; the device provides both heat energy and electric energy, realizes the full utilization of fuel, improves the utilization efficiency, and is widely applied to heating of vehicles such as long-distance trucks, buses and the like.

Furthermore, the radiator used in the invention is a gradual change honeycomb fan-shaped radiator, because the temperature of the end of the radiator, which is in contact with the thermoelectric generation module, is the highest, and the temperature distribution of the fan-shaped radiator is gradually reduced from the bottom to the top. When air is blown into the radiator by the blower, the air quantity entering the radiator is constant, but the temperature distribution of the fan-shaped radiator is gradually reduced from the bottom to the top, so that the diameter of the holes is gradually increased from the bottom to the top by using the gradual change honeycomb type fan-shaped radiator, and when the air passes through the holes from the bottom, the contact area between the air and the gradual change honeycomb radiator is increased; the diameter of the hole is gradually increased from the bottom to the top, and the heat transfer is increased due to the large framework of the bottom radiator, so that more heat is transferred to the upper half part, and meanwhile, air mainly passes through the upper half part, so that much heat can be taken away. The design can take away more heat on the whole, can be better with the heat transfer of air, realize the efficient heat dissipation.

Furthermore, the maximum power generation power is realized, and the temperature difference power generation module is ensured to work in the effective range. The proportion between the fuel consumption, the combustion air and the heat dissipation air, the proportion of the combustion air and the fuel consumption can ensure that the combustion is fully combusted and simultaneously a certain combustion temperature is provided, the maximization of the power generation power can be realized only under the specified heat dissipation air flow condition, if the heat dissipation air is excessive, the resistance is overlarge, the power consumption power is rapidly increased due to the increase of the resistance, if the heat dissipation air is too small, the heat dissipation is insufficient, and the generated energy is not enough to maintain the power consumption of the heat dissipation air. The generated power can be maximized only under the condition of the specified proportion, and the temperature difference power generation module is not damaged.

Furthermore, the invention also uses high-temperature resistant ceramic foam materials, and as the ceramic foam materials have large specific surface area, high porosity, good heat conduction and radiation capability, good evaporation and vaporization effect of liquid fuel, full mixing of fuel/air and high combustion efficiency, the temperature distribution inside the combustion chamber and on the wall surface of the combustion chamber is relatively uniform, and the phenomena of local combustion high-temperature area and wall-attached combustion of free flame do not exist, so that the maximization of high heat flow density on the wall surface of the combustion chamber and the temperature of the hot end of the high-temperature thermoelectric module can be realized, and the temperature of the wall surface of the combustion chamber and the hot end of the thermoelectric module is more uniform.

Furthermore, the number of the front end and the rear end and the height of the fins are changed, so that the number of the fins at the front end is more than that of the fins at the rear end, and the height of the fins at the front end is higher than that of the fins at the rear end, so that the contact area with the gas is changed under the condition that the heat of the front end and the heat of the rear end are different, and the same power generation amount at the front end and the rear end is achieved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a full view of the entire semiconductor parking heater.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of the compression device shown in fig. 2.

Description of reference numerals: 1. an air inlet; 2. a blower; 3. a controller; 4. a motor; 5. a combustion fan; 6. a burner; 7. a first row of fan-shaped heat sinks; 8. a first row of thermoelectric generation modules; 9. a second row of fan-shaped heat sinks; 10. a second row temperature difference power generation module; 11. an auxiliary heat sink; 12. a ceramic foam; 13. an air supply outlet; 14. a combustion chamber; 15. a housing; 16. a chimney; 17. an oil absorption felt; 18. an oil pump; 19. an oil pipe; 20. a combustion air inlet pipe; 21. a storage battery; 22. a front end fin; 23. a rear end fin; 24. and a pressing device.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1-4, the invention comprises a housing 15 with a chimney 16, a control system of the whole device is installed outside the housing 15, a combustion chamber 14 with a flue gas outlet is arranged in the housing 15, a burner 6 is arranged in the combustion chamber 14, an oil absorbent felt 17 is arranged at the front end of the burner 6, ceramic foam 12 is arranged at the rear end of the burner 6, the porosity of the ceramic foam is 0.80-0.95, and the pore density is 5-20 PPI. The front end of the combustor 6 is internally provided with an air guide ring with an air guide grid, and the rear end of the combustor is provided with an air outlet hole which is communicated with the inside of the combustion chamber 14 through ceramic foam. Fins are arranged at the front end and the rear end in the combustion chamber 14, the number of the front end fins in the combustion chamber is more than that of the rear end fins, the number ratio of the front end fins to the rear end fins is (1.3-1.5) to 1, the height of the front end fins is higher than that of the rear end fins, and the height ratio of the front end fins to the rear end fins is (0.6-0.8) to 1.

A flue gas outlet is formed in the side wall, close to the inlet end of the combustor 6, of the combustion chamber 14, the flue gas outlet is connected with the chimney 16, a flue gas channel is formed between the inner wall of the combustion chamber 14 and the combustor 6, and flue gas passes through the flue gas channel between the inner wall of the combustion chamber 14 and the combustor 6, then reaches the flue gas outlet and finally is discharged through the chimney 16.

The combustor 6 is connected with an oil pump 18, a combustion fan 5 and a motor 4.

The fuel oil is sucked into the oil absorption felt 17 through the oil inlet pipe 19 by the oil pump 18, then is mixed with the air sucked into the oil absorption felt 17 through the combustion fan 5 and the combustion air inlet pipe 20, then enters the combustor 6, and is combusted in the combustor 6.

An igniter, a fire detection rod, a temperature sensor, a self-help combustion fan and an automatic control system are arranged on the combustor 6.

The combustion chamber 14 comprises a shell, the shell is composed of a plurality of heat conducting plates, the shell is in a regular hexagonal prism shape, a cylinder is arranged in the shell, the cylinder is arranged at an interval with the inner wall of the shell, the shell is connected with the cylinder through a fan-shaped copper block with better heat conductivity, a first row of temperature difference power generation modules 8 and a second row of temperature difference power generation modules 10 are sleeved on the outer side of the combustion chamber 14, a first row of fan-shaped radiators 7 are arranged on the first row of temperature difference power generation modules 8, a second row of fan-shaped radiators 9 are arranged on the second row of temperature difference power generation modules 10, and electricity generated by the first row of temperature difference power generation modules 8 and the second row of temperature difference power generation modules 10 supplies power to. Air sucked by an air feeder 2 through an air inlet 1 exchanges heat with a first row of fan-shaped radiators 7, a second row of fan-shaped radiators 9 and an auxiliary radiator 11, the heat is supplied to a user through an air supply outlet 13 after heat exchange, the distance between every two adjacent rows of heat exchangers is 1-3 mm, the first row of fan-shaped radiators 7 and the second row of fan-shaped radiators 9 are gradually changed honeycomb radiators with the porosity of 0.4-0.6, the diameters of holes of the gradually changed honeycomb radiators are gradually increased from the bottom to the top, the ratio of two adjacent rows of holes is 1: 1.1-1.3, the diameter of a first row of holes at the bottom is 1.5-2 mm, and the diameter of a last row of holes at the top is 5-6 mm

The distance between the first row of fan-shaped radiators 7 and the second row of fan-shaped radiators 9 is 0.8-1 mm, the height of the first row of fan-shaped radiators 7 and the second row of fan-shaped radiators 9 is 100-120 mm, the diameter of the holes in the first row of fan-shaped radiators 7 is 2-5 mm, the number of the holes in the second row of fan-shaped radiators 9 is 0.8 times of the number of the holes in the first row of fan-shaped radiators 7, the diameter of the holes in the second row of fan-shaped radiators 9 is 1.2 times of the diameter of the holes in the first row of fan-shaped radiators 7, the porosity is 0.4-0.6, the air feeder 2 is an axial flow fan, and the air inlet 1 is provided with a filter screen. The two ends of the motor 4 are respectively provided with the blower 2 and the combustion fan 5, the outside of the motor 4 is respectively provided with the controller 3 and the storage battery 21, and the controller 3 and the storage battery 21 are both connected with the motor 4. The ratio of the air volume of the blower 2 to the fuel consumption of the combustion chamber 14 is 37m³And the air volume ratio of the combustion-supporting fan 5 to the air blower 2 is 1: 8-10.

The burner 6 of the present invention is an evaporative burner. The first row of fan-shaped radiators 7 and the second row of fan-shaped radiators 9 are made of aluminum.

The parking heater is characterized in that a temperature sensor is also arranged in the heater, when the ambient temperature is low, the temperature sensor generates an electric signal and transmits the electric signal to the control system, the control system enables the parking heater to work, when the temperature in the vehicle is high, the temperature sensor generates an electric signal and transmits the electric signal to the control system, and the control system enables the parking heater to stop working.

The control system arranged on the shell 15 in the invention comprises a control box, an in-vehicle temperature controller, an overheating protection sensor, an air supply temperature sensor and the like, wherein the overheating protection sensor is used for preventing the temperature of the temperature difference power generation module from being too high to cause the temperature difference power generation module to lose the function, meanwhile, the air supply temperature sensor, the control system and the temperature sensor are used together to control the air quantity passing through the radiator, so that a good power generation effect is achieved, proper warm air is supplied, and the in-vehicle temperature controller is used for controlling the temperature in the vehicle.

The first fan-shaped radiator and the second fan-shaped radiator used in the invention are gradually-changed honeycomb fan-shaped radiators, one end of the honeycomb radiator, which is in contact with the thermoelectric generation module, is a bottom, and one end of the honeycomb radiator, which is in contact with the hoop, is a top, and the gradually-changed honeycomb fan-shaped radiators are characterized in that the diameter of holes is gradually reduced from the bottom to the top, the diameter of the holes is small, the air flow is small, and the taken heat is less; the diameter of the hole is large, the friction resistance is small, the air flow is large, and the quantity of heat taken away is large.

Referring to fig. 4, in the present invention, the first row of fan-shaped radiators 7 and the first row of thermoelectric generation modules 8 are sequentially attached to the outer wall of the combustion chamber 14 by the pressing device 24, and similarly, the second row of fan-shaped radiators 9 and the second row of thermoelectric generation modules are sequentially attached to the outer wall of the combustion chamber 14 by the pressing device 24.

The compressing device comprises a hoop, a hoop fastening bolt, an adjusting bolt, a compressing plate and a disc spring, and all the parts jointly and sequentially cling the corresponding fan-shaped radiator and the thermoelectric generation module to the outer wall of the combustion chamber 14. When the traditional pressing device works, the traditional pressing device is heated to expand, has outward force on the hoop, and expands the diameter of the hoop for a long time, so that the locking force of the hoop on the radiator and the temperature difference power generation module is reduced, and the work of the temperature difference power generation module is not facilitated; but the pressing device with the adjusting bolt, the pressing plate and the disc spring can solve the problem that the diameter of the hoop is enlarged, thereby playing a good pressing role.

The working process of the invention is as follows: when the parking heater starts to work, fuel oil is atomized and sprayed into the combustor through the pressure of the oil pump, the fuel oil and air blown by the combustion fan are mixed and combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas, the heat is transferred to the thermoelectric module by the outer wall of the combustion chamber, the cold end of the thermoelectric module and the fan-shaped heat exchanger are cooled, and air sucked by the air blower is converted into clean high-temperature hot air which is sent into a vehicle through the air supply opening to be warmed. In the working process, the electric quantity required by the combustor, the motor, the oil pump and the whole control system is supplied with power through the temperature difference power generation device in the parking heater. The heating and power generation device can realize heating and power generation, avoids the dependence on an external power supply, and improves the utilization rate of energy.

According to the invention, electric quantity generated by the first row temperature difference power generation module 8 and the second row temperature difference power generation module 10 supplies power to a motor, an oil pump, an ignition device and the like, a combustion-supporting fan and a blower are driven by the motor, air sent by the blower exchanges heat with a radiator to supply heat for a user, and the combustion-supporting fan supplies air for fuel combustion in a combustion chamber. The device can provide heat for users and can also generate electric quantity to be used for the self electric device, can all reach the make full use of the energy, and is widely used for heating of vehicles such as long-distance trucks, buses and the like.