阅读说明：本技术 基于地面稳定平台的流域库岸形变近景摄影测量监测方法 (Basin library bank deformation close-range photogrammetry monitoring method based on ground stabilized platform ) 是由 周伟 常晓林 程翔 周志伟 马刚 程家林 于 2019-07-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种基于地面稳定平台的流域库岸形变近景摄影测量监测方法,属于边坡监测研究领域,涉及对边坡位移、变形测量的试验仪器和方法。其装置包括固定摄像机、控制点组件以及GPS定位系统。通过四台固定在边坡对岸的摄像机对边坡上布置的控制点进行图像提取,使用GPS系统对控制点进行定位,并获取其坐标。本发明装置将近景摄影测量系统与GPS技术相结合,通过近景摄影测量原理将普通数码相机应用到流域库岸的变形监测中,扩展了摄影测量的应用范围,同时提高了边坡监测工作的效率和安全性,实现了流域库岸监测工作的自动化和信息化。最后,将该系统应用于实际工程中,将极大提高工做效率以及降低工作成本,节约工作时间。(The basin library bank deformation close-range photogrammetry monitoring method based on ground stabilized platform that the present invention provides a kind of, belongs to slope monitoring research field, is related to side slope displacement, the test apparatus of deformation measurement and method.Its device includes fixed video camera, control point component and GPS positioning system.It is fixed on the control point arranged in the video camera side slope on side slope opposite bank by four and carries out image zooming-out, control point is positioned using GPS system, and obtain its coordinate.Apparatus of the present invention combine close range photogrammetric system with GPS technology, ordinary digital camera is applied in the deformation monitoring of basin library bank by close-range photogrammetry principle, extend photogrammetric application range, the efficiency and safety for improving slope monitoring work simultaneously, realize the automation and informationization of the bank monitoring of basin library.Finally, the system is applied in Practical Project, work will be greatly improved and do efficiency and reduce job costs, save the working time.)

1. a kind of basin library bank deformation close-range photogrammetry monitoring method based on ground stabilized platform, it is characterised in that: it is wrapped Include following steps:

(1) determine the basin bank slope of Deformation Monitoring: basin perimeter where determining engineering first determines the start-stop in measurement monitoring basin Position；

(2) camera placement position is planned: according to identified basin perimeter and monitoring start-stop position, having data wireless on four framves The slr camera of transfer function forms a stereopsis baseline and is placed in the bank within 500 meters away from basin library bank, camera pendulum When putting, it is desirable that put on the opposite bank in a horizontal linear parallel with library bank；Slr camera for shooting is to possess 24,200,000 The slr camera of valid pixel, data wireless transmission function, the slr camera can be used as data shooting and self-propagating platform；

(3) it arranges manual identification's point: measured basin library is evenly distributed on as control point by the marker manually arranged Within the scope of bank, it is convenient for geocoding and accuracy assessment；Monitoring the two sides basin Ku An uniformly, dispersed placement having a size of 60cm × The black triangle rectangular slab of the white background of 60cm is as artificial target, and the manual identification's point quantity arranged is greater than 10；

(4) adjustment camera parameter and shooting: by adjusting the time for exposure of the camera, focal length, three parameters of aperture are to shoot Obtain optimal photo quality；Meanwhile shoot ten sheet photos altogether in daily 8-18 of conventional period, flood season or critical days every 5-10 minutes one sheet photos of bat.

2. the basin library bank deformation close-range photogrammetry monitoring method according to claim 1 based on Waterborne movable platform, It is characterized by: guaranteeing that the image information of two neighboring slr camera ornaments has in step (2) the camera placement position planning The image of 60% or more overlapping, slr camera shooting is transferred to receiving end by automated wireless.

Technical field

The present invention relates to slope monitoring research field, in particular to a kind of basin library bank deformation based on ground stabilized platform Close-range photogrammetry monitoring method.

Background technique

In recent decades, with the lasting construction of large quantities of hydraulic engineerings, in the construction of project or be completed after runtime, It will appear a large amount of side slope, guarantee that the stabilization of basin library bank is an important ring in engineering project.The sliding of basin library bank can damage Water channel pipeline destroys dam, power station, substation and other facilities.Avalanche, slip mass, which are fallen into reservoir, often results in reservoir silt Product, it is most likely that form barrier lake, seriously jeopardize the production of the Lower Reaches people, living safety.Therefore, for basin library The deformation monitoring of bank has a very important significance.

As soon as the U.S. has begun the monitoring of side slope before more than hundred years, European Countries after World War II Large quantities of engineering constructions is built, but since construction speed is too fast, construction quality lacks effective guarantee, and a large amount of buildings have peace Full problem, and based on the sliding of the unstability of side slope.These slope instability problems cause a large amount of economic loss and casualties.

After the founding of the state, China starts to build some hydraulic engineerings, and the monitoring requirements of reservoir stability are sharply increased.Due to working as When monitoring instrument and monitoring technology shortage, the monitoring of side slope mainly directly observes and is aided with micro-judgment, see that side slope has No obvious crack come determine side slope whether safety.Since this method directly observed is less reliable, China is from the eighties Just start to introduce and develop monitoring instrument and study detection method, the safety monitoring for side slope is studied.Energetically by country It supports and the hard working of Engineering Task persons, monitoring instrument, technology, the method in China etc. all achieves important breakthrough, survey Accuracy of measurement has obtained greatly being promoted.In six ten years after the founding of the state, China achieves abundant in Monitoring of Slope Deformation field Research achievement and application experience.

From slope monitoring appearance over more than 100 years, a large amount of monitoring experience is had accumulated both at home and abroad and has invented a variety of detections Method.

Zhang Zuxun obtains more traditional non-metric camera intersection precision and Image Matching with " more baseline convergent photographies " technology Automate high result.Ke Tao improves measurement accuracy using more baseline digital close range photogrammetry methods are rotated；Miao Zhi is hanked Function applies more baseline digital close range photogrammetric systems on large scale topographical map；Liu Changjun is developed by innovatory algorithm New types of data processing software LPCP, improves the efficiency of data processing；Sun Huafen is based on three-D displacement Vector Field Graph analysis side Method carries out deformation analysis, realizes and accurately monitors and forecast；Pang Weijun demonstrates side slope by BODTA optical fiber sensing technology and becomes The reliability applied in shape monitoring；Wang Baojun demonstrates Brillouin scattering time domain reflectometry in engineering health monitoring The important function played；Japanese Geotechnical develops wireless sensing unit and microelectromechanical systems tilts Sensor early warning system has simultaneously obtained feasible verifying.

Existing measurement method has both at home and abroad at present: geodesic method, instrument observation method, GPS observation method, up short are surveyed Amount method etc..Traditional measurement method includes geodesic method and two kinds of instrument observation method, the coverage area of geodesic method is relatively wide, Deformation of slope section, which can be surveyed, greatly can also determine the deformation absolute value of slope project；Instrument observation method can measure reservoir stability table Face and internal deformation and displacement.But all there is certain deficiencies for two kinds of measurement methods, and such as: geodesic method will receive landform The limitation of condition and the limitation of meteorological condition, in the area that landform is rugged, geodesic method can not be reached to or through, while in rain The bad weathers such as snow, mist spirit, high wind are descended and can not be measured, and there are also inconvenient, heavy workloads for geodesic method, it is desirable that The disadvantages of special instrument.The shortcomings that instrument observation method is that the instrument that this method is used must reach over to side slope entity, belongs to contact Formula measurement, measurement range is small, side slope can not cover entirely, can only measure the data on embedded ground, and have range limitation, cannot be whole Deformation of slope is monitored, once the large range displacements such as sliding failure occur for side slope, instrument is easy to be destroyed, can not be used continuously.

A kind of currently used novel detection technique is GPS detection technique, and GPS is initially that navigation of the U.S. for the military takes Business, with the rapid development of the technology, GPS has also been arrived and has been widely applied in engineering.Yang Zhiyong and Liu Jianyu utilizes visualization Technology establishes a set of GPS dynamic monitoring early warning system for slope monitoring, achieves very good effect；Wang Tao analysis Ah After extra large Reservoir of Hydropower Station land slide data, it is believed that GPS can effectively monitor slip mass in mountain area with a varied topography.Gaffet passes through earthquake The data that instrument is measured with two methods of GPS are analyzed, it is believed that GPS is reliable in slope displacement monitoring.

Close-range photogrammetry monitoring technology has obtained more being widely applied in recent years, it is in real time and quick.Chen Mingjian Monitoring by testing side slope demonstrates application advantage of the close-range photogrammetry monitoring technology in Monitoring of Slope Deformation；Zhou Haiping The close-shot photography measure technique for proposing the powerful and influential expression overall deformation of energy has obtained good verifying by experiment；Jian-weiLiu Based on close-range photography measuring technique, in conjunction with the experiment of real scale power transmission tower, demonstrating this method be can satisfy on a large scale carefully The efficiency of the deformation monitoring of cause and the task of required precision.Liu Chuqiao establishes three-dimensional by close-range photogrammetry monitoring technology The model realization measurement of deformation of slope.After the photo processing that the clear and coherent sub-pixel recognition excessively of Wu Liang takes the photograph camera, recycling is taken the photograph Shadow measures analytical Calculation deformation, and obtained result and practical distortion are very close.Liu's templum is by taking the photograph ordinary digital camera Image handled, realize the target of displacement measurement.Close-range photogrammetry monitoring method general camera is by basin library bank Photograph shooting after be output to terminal, and obtain the coordinate at the basin control point Ku An in conjunction with GPS technology, realize construction area The automation and informationization of domain monitoring；Relative to geodesic method and instrument observation method, close-range photogrammetry monitoring method energy It is enough to be used under conditions of topographic features are complicated or even severe, not excessive landform restrictive condition；Close-range photogrammetry monitoring Owned by France in contactless measurement, measurement range is larger, can full side slope covering；Meanwhile it can be captured in a short time A large amount of image information, and realize the automatic transmission of image information, the image of capture can reuse.

Summary of the invention

In view of the deficiency of traditional measurement method, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of basin libraries based on ground stabilized platform Bank deformation close-range photogrammetry monitoring method, measurement range is larger, and can capture a large amount of image information in a short time, will Image recycling.

To achieve the above object, the basin library bank deformation close-range photogrammetry provided by the invention based on ground stabilized platform Monitoring method, it is characterised in that: it includes the following steps:

(1) determine the basin bank slope of Deformation Monitoring: basin perimeter where determining engineering first determines measurement monitoring basin Start-stop position；

(2) camera placement position is planned: according to identified basin perimeter and monitoring start-stop position, four framves being had data The slr camera of wireless transmission function forms a stereopsis baseline and is placed in the bank within 500 meters away from basin library bank, phase When machine is put, it is desirable that put on the opposite bank in a horizontal linear parallel with library bank；Slr camera for shooting is to possess The slr camera of 24200000 valid pixels, data wireless transmission function, the slr camera can be used as data shooting and automatic transmission Platform；

(3) it arranges manual identification's point: measured stream is evenly distributed on as control point by the marker manually arranged Within the scope of the bank of domain library, it is convenient for geocoding and accuracy assessment；The monitoring two sides basin Ku An uniformly, dispersed placement is having a size of 60cm The black triangle rectangular slab of the white background of × 60cm is as artificial target, and the manual identification's point quantity arranged is greater than 10；

(4) adjustment camera parameter and shooting: by adjusting the time for exposure of the camera, focal length, three parameters of aperture with Shooting obtains optimal photo quality；Meanwhile ten sheet photos are shot altogether in daily 8-18 of conventional period, in flood season or critical days Every 5-10 minutes one sheet photos of bat.

Preferably, in step (2) the camera placement position planning, guarantee two neighboring slr camera ornaments Image information has 60% or more overlapping, and the image of slr camera shooting is transferred to receiving end by automated wireless.

Method of the invention is applied to basin library bank.In recent decades, with the lasting construction of large quantities of hydraulic engineerings, in item Runtime when purpose is constructed or after being completed, it may appear that a large amount of side slope guarantees that the stabilization of basin library bank is weight in engineering project Want a ring；Basin library bank once slides, and barrier lake may be formed in basin, once tamper is destroyed, lake water is just overflow It overflows and goes out, pour down, form big flood, it is extremely hazardous；With the emergence of secondary disaster, the water level of barrier lake may be fast It is fast to rise, it is possible to lead to great big flood, once the barrier lake breach consequence that disaster area is formed is serious, barrier lake once breach meeting pair Downstream forms flood peak, and destructiveness is no less than the destructive power of disaster；Existing measurement method has both at home and abroad at present: geodesic method, Instrument observation method, GPS observation method, Close Up Photogrammetry etc.；Traditional measurement method has geodesic method and instrument observation method, But all there is certain deficiencies for two kinds of measurement methods, such as: geodesic method will receive the limitation and meteorological condition of orographic condition Limitation, in the area that landform is rugged, geodesic method can not be reached to or through, while in severe days such as sleet, mist spirit, high wind It can not be measured under gas, and there are also inconvenient, heavy workloads for geodesic method, it is desirable that the disadvantages of special instrument；Instrument The shortcomings that observation method is that the instrument that this method is used must reach over to side slope entity, belongs to contact type measurement, measurement range is small, nothing The full side slope covering of method, can only measure the data on embedded ground, and have range limitation, be unable to monitored over time deformation of slope, once side The large range displacements such as sliding failure occur for slope, and instrument is easy to be destroyed, can not be used continuously；Therefore, in order to by above-mentioned restriction Property is reduced to minimum, and a kind of new measurement method is just come into being, i.e. close-range photogrammetry monitoring method；Close-range photogrammetry prison Survey method is output to terminal after being shot the photograph of basin library bank with general camera, and obtains basin in conjunction with GPS technology The coordinate at library bank control point realizes the automation and informationization of construction area monitoring；Relative to geodesic method and instrument Observation method, close-range photogrammetry monitoring method use under conditions of can be complicated or even severe in topographic features, not excessive ground Shape restrictive condition；Close-range photogrammetry monitoring method belongs to contactless measurement, and measurement range is larger, side slope can cover entirely Lid；Meanwhile it can capture a large amount of image information in a short time, and realize the automatic transmission of image information, the figure of capture As that can reuse.

It advantages of the present invention and has the beneficial effect that:

(1) present invention provides a kind of measuring device of method monitoring basin library bank deformation based on Photogrammetry；

(2) method provided by the present invention can need to carry out a wide range of, high-precision basin library at any time according to monitoring Bank deformation monitoring；

(3) apparatus of the present invention form stereopsis baseline using multiple groups camera, and the photo-overlap for shooting adjacent cameras Rate reaches 70%, can effectively expand measurement control range and improve measurement accuracy.

(4) funds of Primary Stage Data acquisition can be greatly reduced in method provided by the present invention, reduce monitoring later maintenance Expense has huge economic and social benefit.

(5) method provided by the present invention uses the means of close-range photogrammetry, and is aided with GPS monitoring technology, to emphasis The basin library bank deformation in engineering construction region carries out high efficiency, high-precision monitoring, to reach containment disaster, mitigate disaster damage It loses, the purpose of stable society order, close-shot photography measure technique in water conservancy and hydropower industry promote and apply significant.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the basin library bank deformation Photogrammetry method schematic diagram based on ground stabilized platform；

Fig. 2 is the marker schematic diagram for being used as control point in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the method for the present invention flow diagram.

In figure: slr camera 1；Control point marker 2.

Specific embodiment

Specific implementation of the invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.

Referring to the drawings to a kind of basin library bank deformation close shot survey based on ground stabilized platform according to the present invention Amount method is elaborated.The part not elaborated in following embodiment belongs to the prior art.

As shown in Figure 1, a kind of basin library bank deformation Photogrammetry side based on ground stabilized platform according to the present invention Method includes following 5 steps:

(1) the basin library bank slope face for needing to monitor is determined first, and stable photographic platform is built on slope surface opposite.

(2) it is evenly arranged ten or more control points on the slope surface space of required monitoring, is used for geocoding and precision Evaluation, the size of control point marker are 60cm × 60cm.

(3) horizontal on the aspectant stabilized platform in slope to put four slr cameras parallel with slope surface, and find properly Angle test strip is carried out to slope surface, the spacing between shooting angle and camera parameter and adjacent cameras is adjusted with this, between ornaments Away from the image information that guarantee the shooting of two neighboring camera, there are about 70% overlappings.

(4) slope surface monitored is automatically snapped, ten sheet photos is shot altogether in daily 8-18 of conventional period, in flood Phase or critical days were every 5-10 minutes one sheet photos of bat.

(5) camera will shoot resulting image and be automatically transferred to computer platform.

Above embodiments are only the illustrations done to technical solution of the present invention.It is according to the present invention a kind of based on ground The basin library bank deformation Photogrammetry method of face stabilized platform is not merely defined in described process in the embodiment above, But it is defined by the scope defined by the claims..What those skilled in the art of the invention were done on the basis of the embodiment Any modify or supplement or equivalence replacement, all in scope of the present invention.