阅读说明：本技术 一种油沙豆收获机 (Oil-coated bean harvester ) 是由 吕文杰 于 2021-09-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种油沙豆收获机,包括发动机底盘、采收机构、传送风机、果实箱；其中,所述发动机底盘包括机架,以及置于机架下方的履带行走机构和置于机架上方的发动机和驾驶室；所述采收机构包括起收刀、弧形滑板、滑板支架、叶轮、叶片、筛片、震动器、滑槽、果实落口、风选管道、根叶杂质排除口以及起收机构架；所述采收机构的起收刀、弧形滑板、滑板支架、叶轮、叶片、筛片、震动器、滑槽置于机架前端,且位于驾驶室的下方,并通过起落支架与机架下方设置有所述果实箱。本发明采用前置式采收机构,多片多齿圆盘刀片组成的叉式起收刀,可将大部分沙土留在地面,筛片上的长条筛孔内,叶轮上的叶片不停的在搅动,防止根须形成对筛片的粘糊。(The invention relates to a husked oil bean harvester which comprises an engine chassis, a harvesting mechanism, a conveying fan and a fruit box, wherein the harvesting mechanism is arranged on the engine chassis; the engine chassis comprises a frame, a crawler walking mechanism arranged below the frame, an engine arranged above the frame and a cab; the harvesting mechanism comprises a harvesting knife, an arc-shaped sliding plate, a sliding plate bracket, an impeller, blades, a sieve sheet, a vibrator, a sliding chute, a fruit falling port, a winnowing pipeline, a root and leaf impurity removing port and a harvesting machine framework; the harvesting mechanism is characterized in that a harvesting knife, an arc-shaped sliding plate, a sliding plate support, an impeller, blades, a sieve sheet, a vibrator and a sliding groove are arranged at the front end of the rack, are positioned below the cab, and are provided with the fruit box through a lifting support and the lower part of the rack. The invention adopts a front-mounted harvesting mechanism and a fork-type harvesting knife consisting of a plurality of multi-tooth disc blades, most sandy soil can be left on the ground in long-strip sieve holes on the sieve sheets, and blades on the impeller are continuously stirred, so that the sticking of roots to the sieve sheets is prevented.)

1. A harvester for oil beans is characterized by comprising an engine chassis, a harvesting mechanism, a conveying fan and a fruit box; the engine chassis comprises a frame, a crawler walking mechanism arranged below the frame, an engine arranged above the frame and a cab;

the harvesting mechanism comprises a harvesting knife, an arc-shaped sliding plate, a sliding plate bracket, an impeller, blades, a sieve sheet, a vibrator, a sliding chute, a fruit falling port, a winnowing pipeline, a root and leaf impurity removing port and a harvesting machine framework;

the harvesting mechanism is characterized in that a harvesting knife, an arc-shaped sliding plate, a sliding plate support, an impeller, blades, a sieve sheet, a vibrator and a sliding groove are arranged at the front end of the rack, are positioned below the cab, and are provided with the fruit box through a lifting support and the lower part of the rack.

2. The harvester of claim 1, wherein the harvesting mechanism has a shaft of a harvesting knife sleeved on a harvesting frame through a bearing, the shaft is fixed on a sliding plate support and then fixedly connected with the harvesting frame, the arc-shaped sliding plate is mounted with the harvesting knife in an inserting manner, the sieve sheet is arranged behind the sliding plate support, one end of the sieve sheet is connected with the harvesting frame through a bolt, the other end of the sieve sheet is elastically connected through a rubber spring, the vibrator is fixed on the sieve sheet, and an outlet of a chute fixed behind the sieve sheet corresponds to the conveying fan.

3. The harvester of claim 1, wherein the harvesting mechanism comprises a plurality of impellers, the impellers are fixed on the same shaft, corresponding distances are kept between the impellers, the impellers are arranged below the screen plates, tips of the blades penetrate through the long holes of the screen plates, and the impellers are sleeved on the harvester framework through the shaft and the bearing.

4. The harvester of claim 1, wherein the harvesting mechanism comprises a conveying fan fixed on the frame, an air separation duct is connected above an output duct of the conveying fan, a fruit drop port is arranged below the air separation duct, and a root impurity discharge port is arranged at the rear end of the air separation duct.

5. The harvester of claim 1, wherein the harvesting mechanism comprises a blade, a knife shaft, a washer, and a lock nut; the blade is a disc with multiple tooth forms, the center of the blade is provided with a hole, the shape of the hole is polygonal or spline-shaped, and the shape and the size of the hole are matched with the shape and the size of the outer edge of the cutter shaft; a plurality of blades are sleeved on the cutter shaft, a gasket is arranged between every two cutters for isolation, and two ends of the cutter shaft are respectively fixed by a locking nut.

6. The harvester of claim 1, further comprising a soil preparation roller, connected to the frame by a hinge, disposed at the tail of the frame, and capable of moving up and down under the push of the hydraulic cylinder.

7. The harvester of claim 1, wherein the curved slide plate of the harvesting mechanism comprises a plurality of slide plates, each slide plate maintains a predetermined gap therebetween, and the gap is matched with the distance between the harvesting blades so that the blades can pass through the gap when rotating; one end of the arc-shaped sliding plate is provided with a sliding plate bracket which is used for being connected to the machine frame.

8. The harvester of claim 1, wherein the screen has an array of elongated holes formed therein for passing through the blades.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a harvesting machine, in particular to a harvesting machine for oil hyacinth, which has the functions of harvesting, cleaning sand, removing roots and the like and belongs to agricultural machinery.

State of the art

The oil sand beans have the characteristics of high yield, good quality, strong crop growth adaptability and the like, and are suitable for being planted in most sandy lands and sandy soil areas. Belongs to a good edible oil production raw material. With the development of the progress of agricultural technology, the planting area is gradually enlarged. However, the development of the sweetened bean industry is limited by recovery problems. The harvesting is early, the oil yield is influenced, the harvesting is late, and the fruits fall into the sand, so that the mechanical harvesting is very urgent.

At present, a plurality of enterprises produce the oil-fried green bean harvesters at home and abroad, but the two problems are common, 1, sandy soil and fruits of all growing layers need to be screened again, the screening amount is large, the equipment burden is heavy, and the energy consumption is serious. 2. Because the root system of the sweetened bean paste is developed, the frequent hairy roots block meshes on the sieve sheets in the screening process and need manual cleaning, most of the existing hair-brushes are installed in the harvester, the effect is improved to some extent, but the working time of the machine is long and the machine needs manual cleaning, and the normal use of the machine is seriously influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects, the invention provides a husked oil bean harvester which comprises an engine chassis, a harvesting mechanism, a conveying fan and a fruit box, wherein the harvesting mechanism is arranged on the engine chassis; the engine chassis comprises a frame, a crawler walking mechanism arranged below the frame, an engine arranged above the frame and a cab;

the harvesting mechanism comprises a harvesting knife, an arc-shaped sliding plate, a sliding plate bracket, an impeller, blades, a sieve sheet, a vibrator, a sliding chute, a fruit falling port, a winnowing pipeline, a root and leaf impurity removing port and a harvesting machine framework;

the harvesting mechanism is characterized in that a harvesting knife, an arc-shaped sliding plate, a sliding plate support, an impeller, blades, a sieve sheet, a vibrator and a sliding groove are arranged at the front end of the rack, are positioned below the cab, and are provided with the fruit box through a lifting support and the lower part of the rack.

Furthermore, the harvesting mechanism is characterized in that a shaft of a harvesting knife of the harvesting mechanism is sleeved on a harvesting machine framework through a bearing and is fixed on a sliding plate support and then fixedly connected with the harvesting machine framework, an arc-shaped sliding plate and the harvesting knife are installed in an inserted mode, a screen sheet is arranged behind the sliding plate support, one end of the screen sheet is connected with the harvesting machine framework through a bolt, the other end of the screen sheet is elastically connected through a rubber spring and the like, a vibrator is fixed on the screen sheet, and an outlet of a sliding chute fixed behind the screen sheet corresponds to a conveying fan.

Further, the harvesting mechanism comprises a plurality of impellers, the impellers are fixed on the same shaft, and corresponding distances are kept between the impellers. The impeller is arranged below the sieve sheet, the tip part of the blade penetrates through the long hole of the sieve sheet, and the impeller is sleeved on the frame of the lifting and receiving machine through a shaft and a bearing.

Furthermore, gather mechanism's conveying fan and fix in the frame, the selection by winnowing pipeline is connected to conveying fan's output pipeline's top, and the fruit falls the mouth below the selection by winnowing pipeline, and the rear end is root industry impurity discharge port.

Furthermore, the harvesting knife of the harvesting mechanism comprises a blade, a knife shaft, a gasket and a locking nut; the blade is a disc with multiple tooth forms, the center of the blade is provided with a hole, the shape of the hole is polygonal or spline-shaped, and the shape and the size of the hole are matched with the shape and the size of the outer edge of the cutter shaft; a plurality of blades are sleeved on the cutter shaft, a gasket is arranged between every two cutters for isolation, and two ends of the cutter shaft are respectively fixed by a locking nut.

Further, still include the soil preparation gyro wheel, be connected through hinge and frame, arrange the frame afterbody in, can reciprocate under the promotion of pneumatic cylinder.

Furthermore, the arc-shaped sliding plate of the harvesting mechanism comprises a plurality of sliding plates, a preset gap is kept between every two sliding plates, and the size of the gap is matched with the distance between the blades for pulling and retracting so as to enable the blades to pass through the gap when rotating; one end of the arc-shaped sliding plate is provided with a sliding plate bracket which is used for being connected to the machine frame.

Furthermore, the screen sheet is provided with a plurality of strip hole arrays for penetrating through the blades.

Advantageous effects

The invention provides a husked oil bean harvester which has the characteristics of less sand feeding amount, no screen pasting, high efficiency and the like, and the specific examples are as follows:

1. a fork type lifting and retracting knife adopts a plurality of peripheral multi-tooth-shaped disc blades, a plurality of blades are arranged on a knife shaft in a penetrating mode according to a certain number, gaskets with certain thickness are sleeved among the blades (the thickness of the gaskets is smaller than the diameter of fruits), the blade discs are fastened at two ends of the knife shaft through nuts, teeth on the blades form a toothed belt after being overlapped, a certain distance gap is kept between the blades, the blades are driven to rotate when the knife shaft rotates in work, a large amount of sandy soil can leak out from gaps among the blades, only oil sand beans and a small amount of sandy soil are brought up, and the workload of screening is greatly reduced.

2. The fruit on the knife toothed belt slides out of the knife toothed belt through the arc sliding plate under the pushing of the knife teeth, and is conveyed to the sieve sheet by inertia.

3. The screening mechanism and the screening mechanism comprise a screen sheet and a shifting wheel, wherein the screen sheet is provided with a longitudinal strip-shaped screen hole, an impeller is arranged below the screen sheet, blades of the impeller are inserted into the rectangular screen hole on the screen sheet, the rotation of the impeller not only cleans root hairs on the screen, but also breaks up root balls which are piled together, and meanwhile, fruits and the like on the screen sheet are pushed to move backwards.

4. The air duct transmission and fruit, leaf and root separation mechanism transmits the screened fruits and roots to the air separation pipeline by utilizing the air flow of the fan, then the fruits and the roots are separated according to the wind speed and the density and flow into the fruit box, and the residual impurities are blown to the ground.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a general view of the structure of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the harvesting mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the retracting knife;

FIG. 4 is a structure of an arc-shaped slide plate;

FIG. 5 is a view of a screen deck structure;

wherein: 1-harvesting mechanism, 2-cab, 3-conveying fan, 4-fruit box, 5-crawler traveling mechanism, 6-frame, 7-lifting bracket, 8-winnowing pipeline, 9-soil preparation roller, 10-lifting cutter, 11-arc sliding plate, 12-sliding plate bracket, 13-impeller, 14-blade, 15-sieve sheet, 16-vibrator, 17-chute, 18-fruit lifting opening, 19-winnowing pipeline, 20-root leaf impurity removing opening, 21-blade, 22-cutter shaft, 23-gasket, 24-locking nut, 25-sliding sheet gap, 26-strip hole

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention without creative efforts.

As shown in fig. 1, according to one embodiment of the invention, a harvester for oil beans is provided, which comprises an engine chassis, a harvesting mechanism 1, a conveying fan 3 and a fruit box 4, wherein the engine chassis comprises a crawler 5 arranged below a frame 6, an engine arranged above the frame and a cab 2;

the harvesting mechanism 1 is arranged at the front end of the frame 6 and below the cab 2 and is connected with the frame 6) through a lifting support 7, and the harvesting mechanism can move up and down under the telescopic pulling of a hydraulic cylinder.

The land preparation device also comprises a land preparation roller 9 which is connected with the frame 6 through a hinge, is arranged at the tail part of the frame 6 and can move up and down under the pushing of a hydraulic cylinder.

As shown in fig. 2, the harvesting mechanism 1 is a schematic diagram, and includes a harvesting knife 10, an arc-shaped sliding plate 11, a sliding plate support 12, an impeller 13, blades 14, a sieve sheet 15, a vibrator 16, a chute 17, a fruit dropping opening 18, an air separation pipeline 19, a root and leaf impurity removing opening 20, and a harvesting frame. A harvester frame, not shown in the figures, is provided beside the harvesting mechanism for providing support and is connected to the frame 6.

The shaft of the picking and collecting knife 10 is sleeved on a picking and collecting framework through a bearing and is fixed on a sliding plate support 12 and then fixedly connected with the picking and collecting framework, the arc-shaped sliding plate 11 and the picking and collecting knife 10 are installed in an inserted mode, a screen sheet 15 is arranged behind the sliding plate support 12, one end of the screen sheet is connected with the picking and collecting framework through a bolt, the other end of the screen sheet is elastically connected through a rubber spring and the like, a vibrator 16 is fixed on the screen sheet 15, and an outlet of a sliding groove 17 fixed behind the screen sheet corresponds to the conveying fan 3.

The impeller 13 comprises a plurality of blades 14, which are all fixed on the same shaft, with corresponding distances between the impellers. The impeller 13 is placed under the screen sheet 15 and the tips of the blades 14 pass through the screen sheet slots 26 for cutting root hairs and the like. The impeller 13 is sleeved on the harvester framework through a shaft and a bearing.

The conveying fan 3 is fixed on the frame 6, the upper part of the output pipeline of the fan is connected with the air separation pipeline 8, the lower part of the air separation pipeline 8 is provided with a fruit falling opening 18, and the rear end is provided with a root impurity outlet 20. A fruit box 4 is arranged below the fruit dropping opening 18.

As shown in fig. 3, the retracting blade 10 includes a blade 21, an arbor 22, a spacer 23, and a lock nut 24. The blade 21 is a disc with multiple tooth forms, the center of the blade is provided with a hole, the shape of the hole is polygonal or spline-shaped, and the shape and the size of the hole are matched with the shape and the size of the outer edge of the cutter shaft. A plurality of blades 21 are sleeved on a cutter shaft 22, a gasket 23 is arranged between every two cutters for isolation, and two ends of the cutter shaft are respectively fixed by a locking nut.

As shown in fig. 4, the arc-shaped sliding plate 11 includes a plurality of sliding pieces, each of which maintains a gap 25 therebetween, and the gap is sized to match the distance between the retracted blades for the blades to pass through when rotating. At one end of the arc-shaped slide is a slide support 12 for attachment to the frame 6.

As shown in fig. 5, the screen sheet 15 is constructed so that it has a plurality of arrays of elongated holes 26 formed therein for passing through the vanes.

Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, but various changes may be apparent to those skilled in the art, and it is intended that all inventive concepts utilizing the inventive concepts set forth herein be protected without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and limited by the appended claims.