阅读说明：本技术 检测局部放电光辐射强度的光子计数装置和方法 (Detect the photon counter and method of shelf depreciation light radiation intensity ) 是由 彭兆裕 岳丹 洪志湖 代维菊 文刚 程志万 何顺 邱鹏锋 于 2019-10-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请公开了一种检测局部放电光辐射强度的光子计数装置和方法。在该装置中,依次连接有光电探测器模块、信号调理模块以及脉冲计数模块,光电探测器模块用于接收局部放电光辐射并将光辐射转换为光电子信号,信号调理模块用于对光电子信号进行放大,对放大后的光电子信号除噪形成标准电信号,脉冲计数模块对标准电信号进行降频,最后对降频后的电信号计数。通过记录一段时间内形成的降频后电信号个数就可以得到单个光子的个数,也就可以得到局部放电的光辐射强度,因此解决了现有技术获取放大信号可能会出现的误差,导致的无法检测或检测数据误差较大的问题。(This application discloses a kind of photon counters and method for detecting shelf depreciation light radiation intensity.In the apparatus, it is connected with photodetector module, signal conditioning module and pulse counter module in turn, photodetector module radiates for receiving local discharging light and converts light radiation to photoelectron signal, signal conditioning module is for amplifying photoelectron signal, amplified photoelectron signal is removed and makes an uproar to form standard electric signal, pulse counter module carries out frequency reducing to standard electric signal, finally counts to the electric signal after frequency reducing.It can be obtained by the number of single photon by electric signal number after the frequency reducing of formation in record a period of time, also it can be obtained by the light radiation intensity of shelf depreciation, therefore solve the prior art obtain amplified signal it is possible that error, the caused problem that can not be detected or error information detection is larger.)

1. a kind of photon counter for detecting shelf depreciation light radiation intensity, which is characterized in that described device includes: successively to connect Photodetector module, signal conditioning module and the pulse counter module connect, wherein

The photodetector module includes optical detector and photomultiplier tube, the output end of the optical detector and the photoelectricity The input terminal of multiplier tube is connected；The optical detector is for detecting light radiation caused by power equipment shelf depreciation；Institute Photomultiplier tube is stated for converting light radiation to photoelectron signal；

The signal conditioning module includes that preamplifier and level screen module, the input terminal of the preamplifier and described The output end of photomultiplier tube is connected, and the output end of the preamplifier is connected with the input terminal that the level screens module It connects；The preamplifier reaches the electric signal pulse that can screen requirement for amplifying to the photoelectron signal；Level It screens module to be used to eliminate the ambient noise in the electric signal pulse, forms standard electric signal, the standard electric signal is defeated Enter pulse counter module；

The pulse counter module includes external frequency dividing circuit and single-chip microcontroller, the input terminal and the electricity of the external frequency dividing circuit The flat output end for screening module is connected, and the output end of the external frequency dividing circuit is connected with the input terminal of the single-chip microcontroller； Frequency of the external frequency dividing circuit for reducing the standard electric signal, standard electric signal after obtaining frequency reducing；The monolithic Machine is used to count in the period, counts to the standard electric signal after frequency reducing.

2. the photon counter of detection shelf depreciation light radiation intensity according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described Photodetector module further includes peripheral power supply circuit module, and the periphery power supply circuit module includes high voltage power supply, divider And refrigerating plant, the high voltage power supply are connected with the divider, the divider is connected with the photomultiplier tube, described High voltage power supply is also connected with the refrigerating plant, and the refrigerating plant is connected with the photomultiplier tube；

The high voltage power supply is used to provide voltage to the photomultiplier tube and the refrigerating plant；

The divider is mentioned for distributing voltage more than a kilovolt step by step for each dynode of the photomultiplier tube For the voltage after distribution；

The refrigerating plant is for reducing the temperature around photomultiplier tube, to reduce the thermal noise of photomultiplier tube.

3. detecting the photon counter of shelf depreciation light radiation intensity according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the light The optical power that electric multiplier tube receives light radiation is no more than 10^-14W。

4. a kind of Photoncounting methods for detecting shelf depreciation light radiation intensity, which is characterized in that the method is applied to right It is required that device described in any one of 1~3, comprising:

Optical detector receives light radiation caused by power equipment shelf depreciation；

Photomultiplier tube converts light radiation to photoelectron signal；

Preamplifier amplifies the photoelectron signal, reaches the electric signal pulse that can screen requirement；

Level screens module and eliminates the ambient noise contained in the electric signal pulse, standard electric signal is formed, by the standard Electric signal input pulse counting module；

External frequency dividing circuit reduces the standard signal frequency, the standard electric signal after obtaining frequency reducing；

Single-chip microcontroller counted in the period, counted to the standard electric signal after the frequency reducing.

5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the method also includes:

High voltage power supply provides voltage to the photomultiplier tube and refrigerating plant；

Voltage more than one kilovolt is distributed to each dynode of the photomultiplier tube by divider step by step, is the photoelectricity The each dynode of multiplier tube provides voltage；

The refrigerating plant is made an uproar by reducing the temperature around the photomultiplier tube with reducing the heat of the photomultiplier tube Sound.

6. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the photomultiplier tube is converted to optical radiation signal Photoelectron signal, comprising:

Photomultiplier tube converts light radiation to the first photoelectron, and first photoelectron is entered photoelectricity times by focusing electrode electric field Increase the cathode of pipe；

Photomultiplier tube carries out secondary amplification to first photoelectron, obtains the second photoelectron；

Photomultiplier tube collects second photoelectron in anode, carries out using second photoelectron as photoelectron signal defeated Out.

Technical field

This application involves power equipment state monitoring and fault diagnosis field more particularly to a kind of detection shelf depreciation light spokes Penetrate the photon counter and method of intensity.

Background technique

With power generation, the development of electrical power transmission system, the grade of Operating Voltage is also higher and higher, power equipment The various failures that can occur in its operation, power equipment will appear partial discharge phenomenon before breaking down.Shelf depreciation is When the field strength that applied voltage generates in the electrical apparatus, it is sufficient to so that insulated part region is discharged, but in region of discharge not Form this electric discharge phenomena of fixed discharge channel.Shelf depreciation plays a kind of corrosion function to insulation system, can destroy insulation The molecular structure of material and cause insulating materials overheat even be carbonized, the sustainable development of shelf depreciation can make insulation deterioration damage Gradually expand, finally makes insulate ordinary life shortening, in short-term dielectric strength reduction, in some instances it may even be possible to make entire insulation breakdown.

In order to reduce the harm of shelf depreciation, it usually needs detected to shelf depreciation, traditional detection method has super Sound detection method, chemical measure, radio frequency detection method, optical detection.Wherein, optical detection is that detection shelf depreciation generates Light radiation, the case where progress after photoelectric conversion by reflecting shelf depreciation light radiation intensity to the counting of the quantity of electric signal pulse, Traditional optical detection method is mainly the light radiation that will be generated using detector detection shelf depreciation, the light radiation that detector is exported It is input to preamplifier, then the amplified signal that preamplifier exports is transmitted to lock-in amplifier or Sampling Integral Device is detected using lock-in amplifier or Sampling Integral device.

But the simulation phase shift in lock-in amplifier is made of discrete component resistance and capacitor etc., by temperature change phase Drift can be generated；Analog switch in Sampling Integral device belongs to semiconductor devices, and there are leakage currents, can not achieve real meaning On shutdown, additional noise can be introduced, lock-in amplifier and Sampling Integral device usually require that detector output and preposition amplification Device input terminal as close as possible to and between shortening preamplifier output lock-in amplifier or Sampling Integral device input terminal as far as possible Transmission range, if preamplifier output and the transmission range between lock-in amplifier or Sampling Integral device input terminal be more than Threshold value, the then amplified signal that lock-in amplifier or Sampling Integral device obtain will appear deviation, cause to be difficult to detect or examine Measured data error is larger.

Summary of the invention

For solve in the prior art, detect be difficult to detect existing for shelf depreciation light radiation intensity or error information detection compared with Big problem, the application by following embodiment disclose it is a kind of detect shelf depreciation light radiation intensity photon counter and side Method.

The application's in a first aspect, disclosing a kind of photon counter for detecting shelf depreciation light radiation intensity, including Sequentially connected photodetector module, signal conditioning module and pulse counter module.

Wherein, photodetector module includes optical detector and photomultiplier tube, the output end and photoelectricity times of optical detector The input terminal for increasing pipe is connected；Optical detector is for detecting light radiation caused by power equipment shelf depreciation；Photomultiplier transit Pipe is for converting light radiation to photoelectron signal.

Signal conditioning module includes that preamplifier and level screen module, the input terminal and photomultiplier transit of preamplifier The output end of pipe is connected, and the output end of preamplifier is connected with the input terminal that level screens module；Preamplifier is used It is amplified in photoelectron signal, reaches the electric signal pulse that can screen requirement；Level screens module for eliminating electric signal Ambient noise in pulse forms standard electric signal, by standard electric signal input pulse counting module.

Pulse counter module includes external frequency dividing circuit and single-chip microcontroller, and the input terminal and level of external frequency dividing circuit screen mould The output end of block is connected, and the output end of external frequency dividing circuit is connected with the input terminal of single-chip microcontroller；External frequency dividing circuit is used for Debase the standard the frequency of electric signal, the standard electric signal after obtaining frequency reducing；Single-chip microcontroller is used to count in the period, after frequency reducing Standard electric signal is counted.

Optionally, photodetector module further includes peripheral power supply circuit module, and peripheral power supply circuit module includes high pressure Power supply, divider and refrigerating plant, high voltage power supply are connected with divider, and divider is connected with photomultiplier tube, high voltage power supply It is also connected with refrigerating plant, refrigerating plant is connected with photomultiplier tube.

High voltage power supply is used to provide voltage to photomultiplier tube and refrigerating plant.

Divider is provided point for each dynode of photomultiplier tube for distributing voltage more than a kilovolt step by step Voltage after matching；.

Refrigerating plant is for reducing the temperature around photomultiplier tube, to reduce the thermal noise of photomultiplier tube.

Optionally, the optical power that photomultiplier tube receives light radiation is no more than 10^-14W。

In the second aspect of the application, a kind of Photoncounting methods detecting shelf depreciation light radiation intensity are disclosed, comprising:

Optical detector receives light radiation caused by power equipment shelf depreciation.

Photomultiplier tube converts light radiation to photoelectron signal.

Preamplifier amplifies photoelectron signal, reaches the electric signal pulse that can screen requirement；

Level screens module and eliminates the ambient noise contained in electric signal pulse, standard electric signal is formed, by standard telecommunications Number input pulse counting module.

External frequency dividing circuit debases the standard signal frequency, the standard electric signal after obtaining frequency reducing.

Single-chip microcontroller counted in the period, counted to the standard electric signal after frequency reducing.

Optionally, high voltage power supply provides voltage to photomultiplier tube and refrigerating plant.

Voltage more than one kilovolt is distributed to each dynode of photomultiplier tube by divider step by step, is photomultiplier transit It manages each dynode and voltage is provided.

Refrigerating plant is by reducing the temperature around photomultiplier tube, to reduce the thermal noise of photomultiplier tube.

Optionally, optical radiation signal is converted to photoelectron signal by photomultiplier tube, the method is as follows:

Photomultiplier tube converts light radiation to the first photoelectron, and the first photoelectron is entered photoelectricity times by focusing electrode electric field Increase the cathode of pipe.

Photomultiplier tube carries out secondary amplification to the first photoelectron, obtains the second photoelectron.

Photomultiplier tube collects the second photoelectron in anode, exports using the second photoelectron as photoelectron signal.

By detecting the photon counter and method of shelf depreciation light radiation intensity disclosed in the embodiment of the present application, examining When surveying shelf depreciation light radiation intensity, the light radiation that optical detector detects is converted to photoelectron signal through photomultiplier tube, right Photoelectron signal amplifies the electric signal pulse to be formed and can be screened, and carries out electric signal pulse except making an uproar and frequency reducing, finally to removing It makes an uproar and is counted with the electric signal after frequency reducing, solve in existing detection technique, occur not detecting caused by error to amplified signal Or the problem that monitoring data error is larger.

Detailed description of the invention

In order to illustrate more clearly of the technical solution of the application, letter will be made to attached drawing needed in the embodiment below Singly introduce, it should be apparent that, for those of ordinary skills, without creative efforts, also Other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without any creative labor.

Fig. 1 shows for a kind of photon counter structure for detecting shelf depreciation light radiation intensity disclosed in the embodiment of the present application It is intended to.

Fig. 2 is photoelectric detection module apparatus structure schematic diagram disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a kind of work for the Photoncounting methods for detecting shelf depreciation light radiation intensity disclosed in the embodiment of the present application Flow diagram.

Specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present application, technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application carries out clear, complete Whole description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of embodiments of the present application, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on Embodiment in the application, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other Embodiment shall fall in the protection scope of this application.

The photon counter structural schematic diagram of detection shelf depreciation light radiation intensity shown in Figure 1, the application are real The photon counter for applying the disclosed detection shelf depreciation light radiation intensity of example includes: photodetector module 10, signal condition Module 20 and pulse counter module 30.

Wherein, photodetector module 10 includes optical detector 101 and photomultiplier tube 102, the output of optical detector 101 End is connected with the input terminal of photomultiplier tube 102；Optical detector 101 is for detecting caused by power equipment shelf depreciation Light radiation；Photomultiplier tube 102 is for converting light radiation to photoelectron signal.

Signal conditioning module 20 includes that preamplifier 201 and level screen module 202, the input of preamplifier 201 End is connected with the output end of photomultiplier tube 102, and the output end and level of preamplifier 201 screen the input of module 202 End is connected；Preamplifier 201 reaches the electric signal pulse that can screen requirement for amplifying to photoelectron signal；Electricity Flat module 202 of screening is used to eliminate the ambient noise in electric signal pulse, forms standard electric signal, standard electric signal is inputted arteries and veins Rush counting module.

Pulse counter module 30 includes external frequency dividing circuit 301 and single-chip microcontroller 302, the input terminal of external frequency dividing circuit 301 The output end for screening module 202 with level is connected, the output end of external frequency dividing circuit 301 and the input terminal phase of single-chip microcontroller 302 Connection；External frequency dividing circuit 301 for reducing standard electric signal frequency, obtain frequency reducing after standard electric signal；Single-chip microcontroller 302 For counting in the period, the standard electric signal after frequency reducing is counted.

In the embodiment of the present application, after the faint light radiation that shelf depreciation generates enters the reception window of front end optical detector, warp The absorption of photomultiplier transit tube cathode is crossed, due to external photoeffect, when the energy of incident photon is higher than the evolution energy of cathode material, The photoelectron of cathode is excited.Then, under the action of external electric field, photoelectron quickly reaches the first multiplier stage, generates simultaneously Secondary, then secondary electron can reach next multiplier stage again under the action of electric field, in this way, with multiplier stage series Be continuously increased, can generate more and more secondary electrons can form small photoelectron signal in photomultiplier transit tube anode, then right Small photoelectron signal is handled, and the degree that can be counted is reached, just by record a period of time interior pulse number formed Available single photoelectronic number, also can be obtained by the light radiation intensity of shelf depreciation.

Referring to fig. 2, photodetector module 10 further includes peripheral power supply circuit module 11, and peripheral power supply circuit module 11 is wrapped High voltage power supply 111, divider 112 and refrigerating plant 113 are included, high voltage power supply 111 and divider 112 connect, 112 He of divider Photomultiplier tube 102 connects, and high voltage power supply 111 is also connected with refrigerating plant 113, and refrigerating plant 113 and photomultiplier tube 102 connect It connects.

Wherein, high voltage power supply 111 is used to provide voltage to photomultiplier tube 102 and refrigerating plant 113, and divider 112 is used It is distributed step by step in by voltage more than a kilovolt, provides the voltage after distribution, system for each dynode of photomultiplier tube 102 Device for cooling 113 is for reducing the temperature around photomultiplier tube 102, to reduce the thermal noise of photomultiplier tube 102.Periphery power supply Circuit module 11 keeps 10 pairs of photodetector module local discharging light stable radiations to receive and convert.

Further, the optical power that photomultiplier tube receives light radiation is no more than 10^-14W.When the optical power of incident optical signal Lower than 10^-14When W, photomultiplier transit tube cathode will no longer generate continuous photoelectric current, and anode output at this time is exactly discrete number Pulse signal.In this way, whenever the cathode for thering is a photoelectron to be incident on photomultiplier tube, its anode output end will be corresponding Generate an electric impulse signal, and the umber of pulse of output end is directly proportional to incident photoelectron number, by these output pulses into Row, which counts, can be obtained incident photoelectronic number.

Workflow schematic diagram shown in Figure 3, the embodiment of the present application is disclosed to detect shelf depreciation light radiation intensity Photoncounting methods the following steps are included:

Step S11, optical detector receive light radiation caused by power equipment shelf depreciation, in the step, shelf depreciation The faint light radiation generated enters the reception window of front end optical detector.

Step S12, photomultiplier tube convert light radiation to photoelectron signal, and in the step, photomultiplier transit tube cathode is inhaled It receives, due to external photoeffect, when the energy of incident photon is higher than the evolution energy of cathode material, the photoelectron of cathode is swashed Hair.Then, under the action of external electric field, photoelectron quickly reaches the first multiplier stage, while generating secondary, then Secondary electron can reach next multiplier stage again under the action of electric field, in this way, being continuously increased with multiplier stage series, can generate More and more secondary electrons can form small photoelectron signal in photomultiplier transit tube anode.

Step S13, preamplifier amplify photoelectron signal, reach the electric signal pulse that can screen requirement.

Step S14 level screens module and eliminates the ambient noise contained in electric signal pulse, forms standard electric signal, will mark Quasi- electric signal input pulse counting module.

Module, which is screened, using preamplifier and level completes amplification, Zhen that small photoelectron signal is exported to photomultiplier tube Not, so that it is changed into standard electric signal, there is no ambient noise in standard electric signal, it is convenient that standard electric signal is counted, it mentions Accuracy of the height to standard electric signal-count.

Frequency dividing circuit debases the standard signal frequency outside step S15, the standard electric signal after obtaining frequency reducing.

Step S16 single-chip microcontroller counted in the period, counted to the standard electric signal after frequency reducing.

Here increase external frequency dividing circuit and be because level to screen module outputting standard signal frequency larger, single-chip microcontroller without Method directly counts standard electric signal, it is therefore desirable to connect external frequency dividing circuit.Single-chip microcontroller passes through shape in record a period of time At pulse number can be obtained by single photoelectronic number, also can be obtained by the light radiation intensity of shelf depreciation.

Further, the Photoncounting methods for detecting shelf depreciation light radiation intensity are further comprising the steps of:

High voltage power supply provides voltage to photomultiplier tube and refrigerating plant.

Voltage more than one kilovolt is distributed to each dynode of photomultiplier tube by divider step by step, is photomultiplier transit It manages each dynode and voltage is provided.

Refrigerating plant is by reducing the temperature around photomultiplier tube, to reduce the thermal noise of photomultiplier tube.

Further, optical radiation signal is converted to photoelectron signal by photomultiplier tube, and steps are as follows:

Photomultiplier tube converts light radiation to the first photoelectron, and the first photoelectron is entered photoelectricity times by focusing electrode electric field Increase the cathode of pipe, photomultiplier tube carries out secondary amplification to the first photoelectron, obtains the second photoelectron, photomultiplier tube is in anode The second photoelectron is collected, is exported using the second photoelectron as photoelectron signal.

Combine detailed description and exemplary example that the application is described in detail above, but these explanations are simultaneously It should not be understood as the limitation to the application.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that without departing from the application spirit and scope, A variety of equivalent substitution, modification or improvements can be carried out to technical scheme and embodiments thereof, these each fall within the application In the range of.The protection scope of the application is determined by the appended claims.