阅读说明：本技术 一种毛木耳的高产栽培方法 (A kind of high yield cultivating method of Uricularia polytricha ) 是由 侯立娟 于 2019-08-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及食用菌生产技术领域,尤其为一种毛木耳的高产栽培方法,包括基料配制、自动拌料、机械装袋、高压灭菌、自然冷却、接种、发菌、菌丝后熟处理、出耳管理以及采收包装。本发明通过引进、筛选适合当地栽培的高产菌株、培养基质配方等,建立光伏大棚栽培毛木耳高效栽培技术,较传统技术提高毛木耳产量15％,采用无菌操作接种技术,结合高温高压灭菌,减少菌种污染率,提高质量,利用光伏发电的优点,提高大棚温度,节省能源开支70％,可有效利用栽培空间,提高土地利用率50％,本发明是利用农林废弃物使其变废为宝的环保型产业,项目区有可能产生的废弃物是毛木耳的培养料菌渣,菌渣中含有大量的毛木耳菌丝,是可循环利用的优质蛋白质资源。(The present invention relates to technical field of edible fungi production, in particular a kind of high yield cultivating method of Uricularia polytricha, including base-material preparation, automatic stirring, mechanical pack, high pressure sterilization, natural cooling, inoculation, bacterium germination, mycelia Aging storage, ear management and harvesting packaging.The present invention passes through introduction, screening is suitble to the superior strain of local cultivation, culture substrate formula etc., establish photovoltaic green-house cultivating Uricularia polytricha efficiency cultivation technology for high, Uricularia polytricha yield 15% is improved compared with traditional technology, using sterile working inoculation technique, in conjunction with autoclave sterilization, reduce strain pollution rate, improve quality, the advantages of using photovoltaic power generation, improve greenhouse temperature, save energy spending 70%, cultivation space can be efficiently used, improve land utilization ratio 50%, the present invention is the environment-friendly type industry for making it turn waste into wealth using agriculture and forestry organic waste material, the waste that Project Areas is possible to generate is the compost bacteria residue of Uricularia polytricha, contain a large amount of Uricularia polytricha mycelia in bacteria residue, it is recyclable good protein resource.)

1. a kind of high yield cultivating method of Uricularia polytricha, characterized by the following steps:

S1 base-material is prepared: being used as culture medium raw material after bagasse after fermentation and Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue are crushed as raw material；

S2 automatic stirring: smashed culture medium raw material being put into blender and is stirred evenly, mixing time 5-10min；

The pack of S3 machinery: it is to be mixed uniformly after raw material be added and packed into sack filling machine, and carry out sealing treatment, be made Packed bacterium bag；

S4 high pressure sterilization: manufactured packed bacterium bag is placed on pressure 205.8kPa, sterilize at 140-150 DEG C of temperature 10- 15min is taking the dish out of the pot when the temperature of pot is down to 50 degree or less, first preparation trolley and gloves, in order to avoid scald, In Car during taking the dish out of the pot, the cultivation bacteria stick of roping preferably first spray sterilizing with 50 grams of methylpartricin sodium laurylsulfate plus 20 jin of water, or with more Bacterium spirit 50% is sprayed.

S5 natural cooling: the packed bacterium bag after sterilization is taken out, and is placed on transfer room or bacteria-producing room carries out natural cooling, until temperature It is down to consistent with surrounding air；

S6 inoculation: packed bacterium bag is accessed to using the superior strain of Uricularia polytricha as parent species, and parent species is made uniformly to be inoculated in packed bacterium It wraps, carries out inoculation work；

S7 bacterium germination: the packed bacterium bag after inoculation being placed in cultivation greenhouse and is managed, and the humidity in control cultivation greenhouse is 85%-90%, temperature generate mycelia to be cultivated in 20-30 DEG C of environment；

S8 mycelia Aging storage: after mycelia is mature, daily illumination is controlled in 2-3h, cultivating the humidity in greenhouse is 85%- 90%, temperature is 18-34 DEG C, while controlling ventilation quantity, the temperature after mycelium germination in packed bacterium bag, in control cultivation greenhouse It is 22-28 DEG C；

S9 ear management and harvesting packaging: ear management is carried out in packed bacterium bag upper opening by blade, band Uricularia polytricha is mature Afterwards, Uricularia polytricha is harvested, then the Uricularia polytricha of harvesting is subjected to quantitative package.

2. the high yield cultivating method of Uricularia polytricha according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the culture medium raw material it is each at It is divided into: 10-20% bagasse, 40-50% Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue, sawdust 20-25%, cotton seed hulls 5-10%, albarium 3%, gypsum 1-1.5%.Wheat bran 5-6%, calcium and magnesium phosphorus 3%, soya-bean cake 5%.

3. the high yield cultivating method of Uricularia polytricha according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cultivation greenhouse uses photovoltaic Plate greenhouse.

4. the high yield cultivating method of Uricularia polytricha according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the high pressure sterilization is using vertical Pressure steam sterilizer carries out high pressure sterilization.

5. the high yield cultivating method of Uricularia polytricha according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Uricularia polytricha leads in the course of cultivation Fast tester for water content, far infrared drying oven, constant incubator, constant-temperature table and growth cabinet equipment are crossed to packed bacterium bag It is monitored and is controlled with condition.

6. the high yield cultivating method of Uricularia polytricha according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: culture medium in the packed bacterium bag The ph value of raw material is 5-7.

7. the high yield cultivating method of Uricularia polytricha according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cultivating bag of the packed bacterium bag Using the Polypropylene Bag of 17*42cm, the culture medium raw material in each Polypropylene Bag is 1kg.

8. the high yield cultivating method of Uricularia polytricha according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: sack filling machine guarantees in bagging process The elasticity of the culture medium raw material of each position is consistent in bag.

9. the high yield cultivating method of Uricularia polytricha according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: use sterilized during produce agaric Blade uniformly opens 6-10, V-type produce agaric mouth, bore 1.5-2cm at ear bag both ends, and depth is not to hurt mycelia for degree, after opening bag Preceding 10d, daily 2 moisturizings by spraying keep ground wet, and relative air humidity 80% has 7 DEG C or so of the temperature difference, divulges information daily Ventilation 1-2 time, moisturizing, the temperature difference, scattering light, ventilation stimulation under ear bud initially form, when ear bud appearance after, be with moisturizing Main, appropriate ventilation, ear bud mushrooms out the young ear of funnel-shaped or cup-shaped, daily water spray 2-3 times, gradually grow up with auricle and Increase amount of water sprayed.

Technical field

The present invention relates to technical field of edible fungi production, specially a kind of high yield cultivating method of Uricularia polytricha.

Background technique

Uricularia polytricha is also known as Yellow-back fungus, and color is dark brown, soft, and delicious flavour is full of nutrition, can element can meat or fish, agaric The content of middle iron is extremely abundant, therefore often eats agaric energy blood-nourishing and preserve youthful looks, and it is ruddy to make us skin, radiant, and can prevent and treat iron-deficient Anaemia；The vitamin K that agaric contains can maintain the normal level of internal coagulation factor, prevent bleeding；Colloid in agaric can be The dust that remains in digestion, impurity absorption put together and excrete, so that playing the role of clearing stomach washs intestines, together When also have more significant neutralizing function to the endogenous such as gall stone, kidney stone foreign matter.

Currently, market is constantly increasing the demand of Uricularia polytricha, cultivation is at present with Duan Mu's and Bag Material is It is main, it is able to carry out artificial culture throughout the country, those skilled in the art are also to influence Uricularia polytricha nutrition, quality and yield Factor studied, find different plantation formula material and cultural method to Uricularia polytricha nutrition, quality and yield Influence it is very big.In consideration of it, we provide a kind of high yield cultivating method of Uricularia polytricha.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of high yield cultivating methods of Uricularia polytricha, to solve to propose in above-mentioned background technique Nowadays the demand of Uricularia polytricha is in continuous the problem of increasing.

To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

A kind of high yield cultivating method of Uricularia polytricha, includes the following steps:

S1 base-material is prepared: being used as culture medium raw material after bagasse after fermentation and Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue are crushed as raw material；

S2 automatic stirring: smashed culture medium raw material being put into blender and is stirred evenly, mixing time 5-10min；

The pack of S3 machinery: it is to be mixed uniformly after raw material be added and packed into sack filling machine, and carry out sealing treatment, Packed bacterium bag is made；

S4 high pressure sterilization: manufactured packed bacterium bag is placed on pressure 205.8kPa, sterilize at 140-150 DEG C of temperature 10- 15min is taking the dish out of the pot when the temperature of pot is down to 50 degree or less, first preparation trolley and gloves, in order to avoid scald, In Car during taking the dish out of the pot, the cultivation bacteria stick of roping preferably first spray sterilizing with 50 grams of methylpartricin sodium laurylsulfate plus 20 jin of water, or with more Bacterium spirit 50% is sprayed.

S5 natural cooling: the packed bacterium bag after sterilization is taken out, and is placed on transfer room or bacteria-producing room carries out natural cooling, until Temperature is down to consistent with surrounding air；

S6 inoculation: packed bacterium bag is accessed to using the superior strain of Uricularia polytricha as parent species, and parent species is made uniformly to be inoculated in bag It fills in bacterium bag, carries out inoculation work；

S7 bacterium germination: the packed bacterium bag after inoculation being placed in cultivation greenhouse and is managed, wet in control cultivation greenhouse Degree is 85%-90%, is cultivated in the environment that temperature is 20-30 DEG C, and mycelia is generated；

S8 mycelia Aging storage: after mycelia is mature, daily illumination is controlled in 2-3h, the humidity cultivated in greenhouse is 85%-90%, temperature is 18-34 DEG C, while controlling ventilation quantity, after mycelium germination in packed bacterium bag, in control cultivation greenhouse Temperature be 22-28 DEG C；

S9 ear management and harvesting packaging: ear management, band Uricularia polytricha are carried out in packed bacterium bag upper opening by blade After maturation, Uricularia polytricha is harvested, then the Uricularia polytricha of harvesting is subjected to quantitative package.

Preferably, each ingredient of the culture medium raw material are as follows: 10-20% bagasse, 40-50% Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue, saw Last 20-25%, cotton seed hulls 5-10%, albarium 3%, gypsum 1-1.5%.Wheat bran 5-6%, calcium and magnesium phosphorus 3%, soya-bean cake 5%.

Preferably, the cultivation greenhouse uses photovoltaic panel greenhouse.

Preferably, the high pressure sterilization carries out high pressure sterilization using vertical pressure steam sterilizer.

Preferably, Uricularia polytricha passes through fast tester for water content, far infrared drying oven, constant temperature incubation in the course of cultivation Case, constant-temperature table and growth cabinet equipment are monitored to packed bacterium bag and condition control.

Preferably, the ph value of culture medium raw material is 5-7 in the packed bacterium bag.

Preferably, the cultivating bag of the packed bacterium bag uses the Polypropylene Bag of 17*42cm, the training in each Polypropylene Bag Supporting based raw material is 1kg.

Preferably, sack filling machine guarantees that the elasticity of the culture medium raw material of each position in bag is consistent in bagging process.

Preferably, 6-10, V-type produce agaric mouth are uniformly opened at ear bag both ends with the blade sterilized during produce agaric, bore For 1.5-2cm, depth is degree not hurt mycelia, and the preceding 10d after opening bag, daily 2 moisturizings by spraying keep ground to moisten, air Relative humidity 80% has 7 DEG C or so of the temperature difference, daily ventilation 1-2 times, in moisturizing, the temperature difference, the stimulation for scattering light, ventilation Lower ear bud initially forms, and after ear bud occurs, based on moisturizing, appropriate ventilation, ear bud mushrooms out funnel-shaped or cup Shape children's ear, water spray 2-3 times, gradually grows up with auricle and increases amount of water sprayed daily.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the high yield cultivating method of this Uricularia polytricha is by introducing, screening It is suitble to superior strain, the culture substrate formula etc. of local cultivation, establishes photovoltaic green-house cultivating Uricularia polytricha efficiency cultivation technology for high, relatively passes System technology improves Uricularia polytricha yield 15%, reduces strain pollution in conjunction with autoclave sterilization using sterile working inoculation technique Rate improves quality, the advantages of using photovoltaic power generation, improves greenhouse temperature, saves energy spending 70%, it is empty can to efficiently use cultivation Between, land utilization ratio 50% is improved, the present invention is the environment-friendly type industry for making it turn waste into wealth using agriculture and forestry organic waste material, and Project Areas has Issuable waste is the compost bacteria residue of Uricularia polytricha, contains a large amount of Uricularia polytricha mycelia in bacteria residue, is recyclable Good protein resource, by microorganism compostization handle, can be processed into crop organic fertilizer, be used for garden crop cultivation base Matter or animal and fowl fodder maintain the harmony of Uricularia polytricha production and home environment, extend Uricularia polytricha industrial chain, improve hair wood Ear value-added content of product.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is cultivation flow diagram of the invention.

Specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based in the present invention Embodiment, every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts, all Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.

Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:

A kind of high yield cultivating method of Uricularia polytricha, as shown in Figure 1, including the following steps:

S1 base-material is prepared: being used as culture medium raw material after bagasse after fermentation and Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue are crushed as raw material；

S2 automatic stirring: smashed culture medium raw material being put into blender and is stirred evenly, mixing time 5-10min；

The pack of S3 machinery: it is to be mixed uniformly after raw material be added and packed into sack filling machine, and carry out sealing treatment, Packed bacterium bag is made；

S4 high pressure sterilization: manufactured packed bacterium bag is placed on pressure 205.8kPa, sterilize at 140-150 DEG C of temperature 10- 15min is taking the dish out of the pot when the temperature of pot is down to 50 degree or less, first preparation trolley and gloves, in order to avoid scald, In Car during taking the dish out of the pot, the cultivation bacteria stick of roping preferably first spray sterilizing with 50 grams of methylpartricin sodium laurylsulfate plus 20 jin of water, or with more Bacterium spirit 50% is sprayed.

S5 natural cooling: the packed bacterium bag after sterilization is taken out, and is placed on transfer room or bacteria-producing room carries out natural cooling, until Temperature is down to consistent with surrounding air；

S6 inoculation: packed bacterium bag is accessed to using the superior strain of Uricularia polytricha as parent species, and parent species is made uniformly to be inoculated in bag It fills in bacterium bag, carries out inoculation work；

S7 bacterium germination: the packed bacterium bag after inoculation being placed in cultivation greenhouse and is managed, wet in control cultivation greenhouse Degree is 85%-90%, is cultivated in the environment that temperature is 20-30 DEG C, and mycelia is generated；

S8 mycelia Aging storage: after mycelia is mature, daily illumination is controlled in 2-3h, the humidity cultivated in greenhouse is 85%-90%, temperature is 18-34 DEG C, while controlling ventilation quantity, after mycelium germination in packed bacterium bag, in control cultivation greenhouse Temperature be 22-28 DEG C；

S9 ear management and harvesting packaging: ear management, band Uricularia polytricha are carried out in packed bacterium bag upper opening by blade After maturation, Uricularia polytricha is harvested, then the Uricularia polytricha of harvesting is subjected to quantitative package.

It is worth noting that each ingredient of culture medium raw material are as follows: 10-20% bagasse, 40-50% Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue, saw Last 20-25%, cotton seed hulls 5-10%, albarium 3%, gypsum 1-1.5%.Wheat bran 5-6%, calcium and magnesium phosphorus 3%, soya-bean cake 5%, as Preferred, each ingredient of culture medium raw material of the present embodiment are as follows: 15% bagasse, 43% Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue, sawdust 20%, cotton seed hulls 5%, albarium 3%, gypsum 1%.Wheat bran 5%, calcium and magnesium phosphorus 3%, soya-bean cake 5%.

Further, cultivation greenhouse uses photovoltaic panel greenhouse, and 250 mu of greenhouse gardening base forms photovoltaic green-house 100, And the advantages of increasing the aeration-cooling facility of greenhouse, automatic mist spray apparatus new equipment, on the one hand utilizing photovoltaic power generation, improve greenhouse temperature Degree saves energy spending 70%, on the other hand can efficiently use cultivation space, improve land utilization ratio 50%.

Specifically, high pressure sterilization carries out high pressure sterilization using vertical pressure steam sterilizer.

In addition, Uricularia polytricha passes through fast tester for water content, far infrared drying oven, constant incubator, perseverance in the course of cultivation Warm shaking table and growth cabinet equipment are monitored to packed bacterium bag and condition control.

It is worth noting that, the ph value of culture medium raw material is 5-7 in packed bacterium bag, promote absorption of the bacterial strain to substance, just The physiological activities such as normal metabolic response, Uricularia polytricha can secrete various acidic metabolites in growth period into matrix often, to can make Matrix acidifying grows Uricularia polytricha and generates inhibiting effect.In cultivating in bag, in order to avoid this adverse effect, often with training 1% calcium carbonate is added when nutriment or quick lime plays buffering neutralization.

It is worth noting that in the present embodiment packed bacterium bag cultivating bag use 17*42cm Polypropylene Bag, each poly- third Culture medium raw material in alkene bag is 1kg, and the culture medium raw material made every time should be installed disposably, the material application not installed such as the same day Film covers tightly, and prevents dehydration, and turning 1-2 times is wanted in centre, and whether when charging next time has to check for moisture appropriate, if insufficient, should mend Water-filling point.

It is worth noting that, sack filling machine guarantees that the elasticity of the culture medium raw material of each position in bag is consistent in bagging process.

In addition, uniformly opening 6-10, V-type produce agaric mouth at ear bag both ends with the blade sterilized during produce agaric, bore is 1.5-2cm, depth are degree not hurt mycelia, and the preceding 10d after opening bag, daily 2 moisturizings by spraying keep ground to moisten, air phase To humidity 80%, there is 7 DEG C or so of a temperature difference, daily ventilation 1-2 times, moisturizing, the temperature difference, scattering light, ventilation stimulation under Ear bud initially forms, and after ear bud occurs, based on moisturizing, appropriate ventilation, ear bud mushrooms out funnel-shaped or cup-shaped Young ear, water spray 2-3 times, gradually grows up with auricle and increases amount of water sprayed daily.

It can be harvested when auricle maturation, under normal circumstances, generally need 15-25d from former base out to harvesting.Nascent hair wood Ears or side handles of a utensil entity is gradually spread out later at cup-shaped, and long great achievement ear shaped, many auricles connect together in chrysanthemum shape, and diameter is generally 10- 20cm.It can be harvested when auricle is sufficiently spread out, edge starts to shrink.It should stop the 1d that sprays water before adopting, make auricle slightly dry, when picking not It is easily broken, it is selected in fine day as far as possible and adopts ear, conducive to drying.Adopting ear method is to pinch ear base with hand to adopt down whole clump fructification.If Produce agaric is uneven, can adopt and stay greatly small, first adopt big, mature above, retain following small continued growth.It must be ear when harvesting Root is adopted to the greatest extent, in order to avoid miscellaneous bacteria infection or insect pest cause rotten ear, under the influence of batch ear growth.After auricle harvesting, stops water spray 3d, allow bacterium Silk restoration ecosystem, and carry out ear management.An ear can be harvested again by the water management of 15d or so later, it generally can be continuous Adopt ear 3-4 times.

After agaric harvesting, ear falling base root compost is removed, is placed on bamboo curtain splint and dries, by the big inner wrapping of rank point, every plastics Packed dry ear 200g, sealing are sold.

It is worth noting that, must not use highly toxic pesticide when having the generation of the pests such as termite, mite, flea beetle, slug, preferably use Trapping killing method uses the registered pesticide that can be used on edible mushroom.Stream ear should reduce humidity in canopy, stronger ventilation when occurring Amount.Protect natural enemies are answered in the prevention and treatment of mosquitos and flies class pest, improve biological control effect；In the erection of doors and windows insect prevention gauze of bacteria-producing room, resistance Worm is divided into move into.

In the high yield cultivating method of the Uricularia polytricha of the present embodiment by introducing, screening be suitble to local cultivation superior strain, Culture substrate formula etc. establishes photovoltaic green-house cultivating Uricularia polytricha efficiency cultivation technology for high, improves Uricularia polytricha yield compared with traditional technology 15%, strain pollution rate is reduced in conjunction with autoclave sterilization using sterile working inoculation technique, quality is improved, is sent out using photovoltaic The advantage of electricity improves greenhouse temperature, saves energy spending 70%, can efficiently use cultivation space, improve land utilization ratio 50%, The present invention is the environment-friendly type industry for making it turn waste into wealth using agriculture and forestry organic waste material, and the waste that Project Areas is possible to generate is hair wood The compost bacteria residue of ear contains a large amount of Uricularia polytricha mycelia in bacteria residue, is recyclable good protein resource, process is micro- Bio-compost processing, can be processed into crop organic fertilizer, is used for garden crop cultivation matrix or animal and fowl fodder, maintains hair The harmony of agaric production and home environment, extends Uricularia polytricha industrial chain, improves Uricularia polytricha value-added content of product.

The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry For personnel it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, described in the above embodiment and specification is only the present invention Preference, be not intended to limit the invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also has various Changes and improvements, these changes and improvements all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention is by institute Attached claims and its equivalent thereof.