阅读说明：本技术 具有四轮驱动的自推进车辆及速度调节装置 (Self-propelled vehicle and speed adjusting device with four-wheel drive ) 是由 克劳迪奥·贝纳西 于 2019-05-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：具有四轮驱动的自推进车辆,设置有：第一转向车轴,连接通过第一差速器彼此运动学地连接的第一对车轮；第二车轴,连接通过第二差速器彼此运动学地连接的第二对车轮；发动机,设置有输出轴；变速箱组件,连接到发动机输出轴。变速箱组件包括：齿轮箱,连接到发动机输出轴；主轴,能够将来自齿轮箱输出轴的运动传递给第二对车轮；副轴,能够将来自齿轮箱输出轴的运动传递给第一差速器,并且设置有连接到齿轮箱输出轴的第一段和连接到第一差速器的第二段。变速箱组件包括：速度调节装置,介于副轴的第一段和第二段之间,配置成至少根据由电子控制单元发送的启用信号来改变第二段和第一段的角速度之间的比值；电子控制单元,可操作地连接到调节装置。(Self-propelled vehicle with four-wheel drive is provided with the first steering axle, the pair of wheels that connection is connected to kinematics each other by the first differential mechanism；Second axle, second pair of wheel that connection is connected to kinematics each other by the second differential mechanism；Engine is provided with output shaft；Transmission case assembly is connected to engine output shaft.Transmission case assembly includes: gear-box, is connected to engine output shaft；Movement from gearbox output shaft can be passed to second pair of wheel by main shaft；Movement from gearbox output shaft can be passed to the first differential mechanism by countershaft, and the second segment for being provided with the first segment for being connected to gearbox output shaft and being connected to the first differential mechanism.Transmission case assembly includes: speed adjusting device, between the first segment and second segment of countershaft, is configured to change the ratio between second segment and the angular speed of first segment according at least to the enabling signal sent by electronic control unit；Electronic control unit is operably connected to regulating device.)

1. the self-propelled vehicle (1) with four-wheel drive, is provided with

First turns to axle (10), and the pair of wheels (15) of the vehicle (1) is connected to described first and turns to axle (10), institute Pair of wheels (15) are stated to connect to kinematics each other by the first differential mechanism (110)；

Second axle (30), second pair of wheel (35) of the vehicle (1) are connected to second axle (30), and described second pair Wheel is connected to kinematics each other by the second differential mechanism (100)；

Engine (65) is provided with output shaft (75)；And

Transmission case assembly (70) is connected to the output shaft (75) of the engine (65), and the transmission case assembly (70) wraps It includes:

Gear-box (80) is connected to (65) output shaft (75) of the engine；

The movement of output shaft (90) from the gear-box (80) can be passed to second pair of wheel by main shaft (75) (35)；And

The movement of output shaft (90) from the gear-box (80) can be passed to first differential mechanism by countershaft (105) (110), and the countershaft (105) is provided with the first segment (130) for being connected to the output shaft (90) and is connected to described The second segment of one differential mechanism (110)；

It is characterized in that, the transmission case assembly (70) includes:

The regulating device (140) of speed, between the countershaft (105) the first segment (130) and the second segment (135) it Between；

Electronic control unit (225) is operably connected to the regulating device (140),

Wherein, the regulating device (140) is configured to according at least to the enabling signal sent by the electronic control unit (225) To change the ratio between the angular speed of the second segment (135) and the angular speed of the first segment (130).

2. vehicle (1) according to claim 1, which is characterized in that including rotation direction sensor (25), the rotation direction sensor (25) it is configured to the parameter value that monitoring indicates the steering angle of the pair of wheels (15)；The electronic control unit (225) It is configured to enable the tune according to the parameter value of the instruction steering angle monitored by the rotation direction sensor (25) Regulating device (140).

3. vehicle (1) according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the electronic control unit (225) is configured to when by institute The parameter value of the instruction steering angle of rotation direction sensor (25) monitoring is stated greater than corresponding with preset threshold steering angle Value when, enable the regulating device (140).

4. vehicle (1) according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the electronic control unit (225) is configured to enable institute State regulating device (140) so that by the angular speed of the second segment (135) relative to the first segment (130) angular speed it Between ratio be set as preset value, the preset value is in the range of minimum value is 1 and maximum value is 1.4.

5. vehicle (1) according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the electronic control unit (225) is configured to enable institute Regulating device (140) are stated, so that increasing the second segment with the increase for the parameter value for indicating the steering angle (135) angular speed is relative to the ratio between the angular speed of the first segment (130).

6. vehicle (1) according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the transmission case assembly (70) includes long-range control dress (230) are set, which is operably connected to the electronic control unit (230) and is configured to control The enabling of the regulating device.

7. vehicle (1) according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the remote control apparatus (230) and the electronics control Unit (225) processed is configured to enable the regulating device (140), so that by the angular speed of the second segment (135) relative to institute The ratio stated between the angular speed of first segment (130) is set as requirements, which is 1 in minimum value and maximum value is 2 In range.

8. vehicle (1) according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the remote control apparatus (230) and the electronics control Unit (225) processed is configured to enable the regulating device (140), so that braking the second segment (135).

9. vehicle (1) according to claim 2 characterized by comprising

First brake (40) can brake a wheel of second pair of wheel (35)；

Second brake (45) can brake another wheel of second pair of wheel (35)；

Wherein, the transmission case assembly includes state sensor (60), and the state sensor (60) is connected to the electronics control It unit (225) processed and is configured to monitor the initiate mode of first brake (40) and the second brake (45) or stop Use state；

Wherein, the electronic control unit (225) is configured to enable the regulating device (140), so that according to by the steering Sensor (25) monitoring the steering angle the instruction parameter value and according to by the state sensor (60) monitor First brake (40) and the second brake (45) state, set the angular speed of the second segment (135) with Ratio between the angular speed of the first segment (130), so that working as first brake (40) or the second brake (45) ratio when being in initiate mode is greater than when first brake (40) and the second brake (45) are in and deactivate Ratio when state.

10. vehicle (1) according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the regulating device includes differential attachment (145), should Differential attachment (145) includes:

Shell (150) is rotated integrally with the first segment (130) of the countershaft (105)；

At least one satellite gear (155), central axis relative to the satellite gear rotatably with the shell (150) It is associated；

First planetary gear (160) is suitable for engaging with the satellite gear (155)；

First shaft coupling (175) is activated by the electronic control unit (225) and can selectively compare first planet The rotation of gear (160)；

Second planetary gear (165), is suitable for engaging with the satellite gear (155) and described the with the countershaft (105) Two sections rotate integrally；And

Second shaft coupling (205) is activated by the electronic control unit (225) and is configured to make the second segment (135) and institute Shell (150) is stated rotatably to couple or do not couple.

11. according to vehicle described in claim 2 and 10 (1), which is characterized in that the electronic control unit (225) is configured to First shaft coupling is activated according to the parameter value of the instruction steering angle monitored by the rotation direction sensor (25) Device (175), to set the ratio between the angular speed of the second segment (135) and the angular speed of the first segment (130).

12. vehicle (1) according to claim 11, which is characterized in that the second shaft coupling includes clutch (205), The clutch (205) can be activated between the first operating position, the second operating position and multiple middle positions；Wherein, In first operating position, the clutch does not transmit the torsion of the rotation between the shell (150) and the second segment (135) Square；In second operating position, the shell (150) and the second segment (135) are rigidly connected to each other by the clutch； In the multiple middle position, the clutch allows the torque between the shell (150) and the second segment (135) It transmits part；Also, the electronic control unit is configured to according to the instruction steering monitored by the rotation direction sensor The parameter value of angle activates the clutch (205) at least one of the multiple middle position.

13. a kind of regulating device of the speed between the first segment (130) and second segment (135) of axis (105), comprising:

Shell (150) is rotated integrally with the first segment (130) of the axis (105)；

At least one satellite gear (155), central axis relative to the satellite gear itself rotatably with the shell (150) it is associated；

First planetary gear (160) is suitable for engaging with the satellite gear (155)；

First shaft coupling (175), compares to being suitably selected for property the rotation of the first planetary gear (160)；

Second planetary gear (165) is suitable for engaging with the satellite gear (155) and described second with the axis (105) Section (135) rotates integrally；And

Second shaft coupling (205) is configured to that the second segment (135) and the shell (150) is made rotatably to couple or not couple.

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of self-propelled vehicle with four-wheel drive, especially a kind of agricultural vehicle with four-wheel drive Or earth-working vehicles.

Background technique

It is well known that agri-vehicle and/or earth-working vehicles are provided with four-wheel drive, that is, it is provided with transmission case assembly, the change Fast box assembly allows to pass to the driving force as caused by the engine being installed on vehicle into two pairs of wheels, wherein at least one It is Changing Direction Type wheel to wheel.

The transmission case assembly includes: gear-box, is connected to engine；Main shaft is connected to the output shaft of gear-box；Countershaft, It is also connected to the output shaft of gear-box.Wherein, driving torque can be passed to a pair of non-steered wheel, such as rear car by main shaft Wheel.Driving torque can be passed to a pair of of steered wheel, such as front vehicle wheel by countershaft.

In general, being inserted into one or more multiplication gear (multiplying between countershaft and the output shaft of gear-box Gear), multiplication gear arrangement is at making the speed of a pair of of front steering wheel bigger than the speed of a pair of of rear steering wheel, such as greatly 1.04 again.This be both in order to prevent front steering wheel because with non-steering rear wheel with identical speed rotates due to eventually as rear car The brake of wheel, and be because the fair speed of steered wheel helps to reduce turning half in the vehicle with four-wheel drive Diameter.

Particularly, allowing the steering condition for obtaining turning radius as small as possible is that so-called movement turns to (kinematic Steering), wherein vehicle movement in serpentine track is by wheel relative to single instantaneous center of rotation on support ground The pure rolling of O determines that instantaneous center of rotation O identifies (see Fig. 4) by the intersection point of the rotation axis of all wheels of vehicle.

To meet the condition, wheel must advance along the serpentine track accordingly centered on instantaneous center of rotation O, The modulus value of the forward speed of wheel is proportional to the distance apart from the instantaneous center of rotation.Therefore, for turning medial Forward speed is bigger for wheel, and forward speed is bigger for outboard wheels.In addition, turning to the speed of front vehicle wheel FSW Degree V1FSW, V2FSW substantially have to be larger than non-speed V1RW, V2RW for turning to rear wheel RW.

In practice, wheel must be rotated with revolving speed different from each other around the axis of their own, and need front steering Wheel FSW is substantially greater than the non-speed for turning to rear wheel RW relative to the rotation speed of the rotation axis of their own, this is Because it is substantially farther apart from instantaneous center of rotation O to turn to front vehicle wheel.

One problem of currently employed scheme is, only the speed increase value as obtained by multiplier (multiplier) Advantage is only brought under certain conditions, for example, within the scope of some steering angles or in the case where overcoming small barrier.

When the operator just to turn on such vehicle manipulates right rear wheel brake or rear left wheel Brake, when the wheel of neighbouring instantaneous center of rotation being made to slow down to reduce turning radius, this problem is extremely serious.Because this In mode, front vehicle wheel must be further increased relative to the rotation speed of their own axis.

The purpose of the present invention is solve the disadvantage that Current protocols in simple, reasonable and at low cost scheme.

These purposes pass through the inventive features illustrated in the independent claim and realize.

The currently preferred and/or particularly advantageous aspect of dependent claims outline.

Summary of the invention

The present invention provides a kind of vehicle, which is the self-propelled vehicle with four-wheel drive, is provided with

First turns to axle, and the pair of wheels of vehicle is connected to the first steering axle, and pair of wheels is poor by first Fast device each other kinematics (kinematically) connection；

Second axle, second pair of wheel of vehicle are connected to the second axle, and second pair of wheel passes through the second differential mechanism each other Connect to kinematics；

Engine is provided with output shaft；And

Transmission case assembly, is connected to the output shaft of engine, and includes:

Gear-box is connected to the output shaft of engine；

The movement of output shaft from gear-box can be passed to second pair of wheel by main shaft；

The movement of output shaft from gear-box can be passed to the first differential mechanism by countershaft, and countershaft is provided with company It is connected to the first segment of output shaft and is connected to the second segment of the first differential mechanism；

Transmission case assembly is characterized in that

The regulating device of speed, between the first segment and second segment of countershaft；

Electronic control unit is operably connected to regulating device, wherein regulating device is configured to according at least to by electronics The enabling signal that control unit is sent changes the ratio between the angular speed of second segment and the angular speed of first segment.

According to the program, the limitation of the prior art is overcome by transmission case assembly, which allows to utilize phase The advantages of known devices are divided with the torque of four-wheel drive in broader operational circumstances range, for example, sharply curved In the case of and in the case where overcoming with middle large scale barrier.

For example, according to an aspect of the present invention, which may include rotation direction sensor, which matches It is set to the parameter value of the steering angle of monitoring instruction pair of wheels；Electronic control unit can be configured to according to by rotation direction sensor The parameter value of the instruction steering angle of monitoring enables regulating device.

In this way, vehicle allows to be shown because vehicle automatically obtains the suitable rotation speed of first pair of steered wheel Reduced turning radius is write, the turning radius is close or even up to moves steering condition, that is, the smallest possible steering half Diameter condition.

Preferably, the parameter value that electronic control unit can be configured to work as monitored instruction steering angle is greater than and steering When the corresponding value of the preset threshold of angle, regulating device is enabled.

Preferably, electronic control unit can be configured to be greater than and 40 ° when the parameter value of the instruction steering angle of monitoring When the corresponding value of steering angle, regulating device is enabled.

It brings into operation in this way, regulating device is adjusted in its speed to when turning to and providing substantial role, to extend dress The working life set.

According to another aspect of the present invention, electronic control unit can be configured to enable regulating device, so that changing second Ratio between the angular speed of section and the angular speed of first segment is in the range of minimum value is 1 and maximum value is 1.4.

Due to this feature, reducing turning diameter or close to the demand of movement steering condition, and do not pierce soil and Reducing realizes optimal trade-off between the demand of the mechanical stress on vehicle.

According to another aspect of the invention, electronic control unit can be configured to enable regulating device, so that with instruction The increase of the parameter value of steering angle and increase the ratio between second segment and the speed of first segment.

In this way, the increase based on steering angle, increased gradually change of speed allows to connect in wide steering angle range Closely or reach movement steering condition, while ensuring the controllability of vehicle.

According to another aspect of the present invention, transmission case assembly may include remote control apparatus, which can grasp It is connected to electronic control unit and is configured to the enabling of controling adjustment device with making.

In this way, vehicle enables an operator to manually control regulating device, to adapt it to specific demand, including it is instantaneous Demand.

For example, remote control apparatus and electronic control unit can be configured to enable regulating device, so that second segment is opposite Being set in minimum value in the ratio of the speed of first segment is 1 and in the range of maximum value is 2.

According to the program, when big barrier during operator has found on its path, vehicle is enabled the operator to easily Overcome barrier.For example, operator is allowed to double first pair of steered wheel relative to the rotation speed of second pair of wheel.

According to another aspect of the present invention, remote control apparatus and electronic control unit can be configured to enable regulating device, So that braking second segment.

In this way, vehicle also has being connected to except the usual brake of wheel and except normal engine braking There are other available devices.

According to another aspect of the present invention, vehicle can include: the first brake can brake a vehicle of second pair of wheel Wheel；Second brake can brake another wheel of second pair of wheel；Wherein, transmission case assembly includes state sensor, state Sensor is connected to electronic control unit and is configured to the initiate mode of the first brake of monitoring and second brake or deactivates State；Wherein, electronic control unit is configured to enable regulating device, so that according to the instruction steering angle monitored by rotation direction sensor The parameter value of degree and state according to the first brake and second brake monitored by state sensor, change second segment Ratio between angular speed and the angular speed of first segment, so that when the first brake or second brake are in initiate mode Ratio is greater than the ratio when the first brake and second brake are in dead status.

In this way, when the operator of vehicle acts on one of brake to reduce steering angle, transmission case assembly volume Thus rotation speed that is nonlocal and automatically increasing by first pair of steered wheel reduces vehicle to strive for reaching movement steering condition Turning radius.

According to another aspect of the present invention, regulating device may include differential attachment, which includes: shell, with pair The first segment of axis rotates integrally；At least one satellite gear, central axis relative to satellite gear itself rotatably with shell Body is associated；First planetary gear can be engaged with satellite gear；First shaft coupling is activated by electronic control unit and is suitable for Selectively compare the rotation of first planetary gear；Second planetary gear, can engage and with countershaft with satellite gear Two sections rotate integrally；And second shaft coupling, it is activated by electronic control unit and is configured to join second segment and shell rotatably It connects or does not couple.

According to the program, the regulating device is especially effective, and particularly compact simultaneously, to be mounted in the space of diminution.

According to an aspect of the present invention, electronic control unit can be configured to be turned according to the instruction by rotation direction sensor monitoring First shaft coupling is activated to the parameter value of angle, so that increasing the angular speed and of second segment with the increase of steering angle Ratio between one section of angular speed.

In this way, the change of the ratio between speed can be obtained by simple and effective mode.

In addition, second shaft coupling may include clutch, clutch can be in the first operating position, the second operating position and multiple It is activated between middle position.In the first operating position, clutch does not transmit the rotation torque between shell and second segment. Shell and second segment are rigidly connected by two operating positions, clutch.In middle position, clutch allow shell and second segment it Between torque part transmitting.Electronic control unit is configured to the ginseng according to the instruction steering angle by rotation direction sensor monitoring Numerical value activates clutch at least one of multiple middle positions.

In this way, regulating device is especially fast in terms of changing the ratio between angular speed.

The present invention also provides a kind of speed adjusting devices between two sections of axis, comprising: shell, the first segment with axis It rotates integrally；At least one satellite gear, the central axis relative to satellite gear itself are rotatably associated with shell；The One planetary gear can be engaged with satellite gear；First shaft coupling is activated and can selectively be compared by electronic control unit The rotation of first planetary gear；Second planetary gear can be engaged with satellite gear and be rotated integrally with the second segment of countershaft； Second shaft coupling is activated by electronic control unit and is configured to that second segment and shell is made rotatably to couple or not couple.

Detailed description of the invention

Be described below by reading as what non-limiting example provided, and by means of appended attached drawing, it is of the invention more More feature and advantage will become clearer.

Fig. 1 is the figure of vehicle according to the present invention；

Fig. 2 is the figure of the regulating device of the transmission case assembly of vehicle；

Fig. 3 is the block diagram of vehicle according to the present invention；

Fig. 4 is the figure of description movement steering condition.

Specific embodiment

With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, label 1 indicates the self-propelled vehicle with four-wheel drive, such as agricultural vehicle on the whole , earth-working vehicles or off-road vehicle.

Vehicle 1 includes chassis 5, and chassis 5 limits longitudinal axis X, before longitudinal axis X is for example arranged essentially parallel to normally Into direction.

First axle 10 of the steering of vehicle 1 is fixed to chassis 5, and the first axle 10 of steering is for example before vehicle 1 Portion, or in the vehicle sections of the normal direction of advance orientation with vehicle.

Vehicle 1 includes the pair of wheels 15 turned to, that is, a pair of of the front vehicle wheel 15 turned to passes through suitable steering link Mechanism 20 is hinged to the first axle 10.Each wheel 15 of pair of wheels 15 is according to respective rotation axis W1 and W2 and accordingly Steering linkage 20 be rotatably associated, rotation axis W1 and W2 are with being located essentially parallel to the support of vehicle itself The plane in face.

Steering linkage 20 is configured to change rotation axis W1, W2 of each wheel of pair of wheels 15 relative to vehicle Longitudinal axis X inclined degree.

Vehicle 1 includes rotation direction sensor 25, and rotation direction sensor 25 is configured to monitoring instruction pair of wheels 15 relative to one The parameter value of the steering angle of plane, the plane are parallel to the longitudinal axis of vehicle 1 and are substantially perpendicular to pair of wheels 15 The plane on locating ground.

Rotation direction sensor is, for example, to be suitable for monitoring the sensor of the position change of steering linkage 20, or can supervise The sensor of the rotation of steered wheel is surveyed, or the rotation of electronic-controlled power steering axis can be monitored or be suitable for the vehicle of the purpose The sensor of any possible element.

Vehicle 1 includes the second axle 30 of the non-steering fixed to chassis 5, such as the Background Region in vehicle 1.Non- steering Second pair of wheel 35 (that is, a pair of of rear wheel 35 of non-steering) be fixed to the second axle 30.

Each wheel of second pair of wheel 35 of non-steering relative to rotation axis W3 and W4 and the second axle 30 rotatably It is associated.Rotation axis W3 and W4 are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of vehicle 1 and are located parallel to support the vehicle itself Ground plane.

Vehicle 1 includes the first brake 40 and second brake 45.First brake 40 is the first rear brake 40, can Act on the angular speed of a wheel 35 of second pair of wheel 35.Second brake 45 is the second rear brake 45, is suitable for effect In the angular speed of another wheel 35 of second pair of wheel 35.It is controlled respectively by the first braking instruction and the second control instruction 55 First brake 40 and second brake 45.

First braking instruction 50 and the second braking instruction 55 are Physical instructions, can e.g. enable holding for corresponding brake The pedal or lever of row device.

Vehicle 1 is provided with state sensor 60, and state sensor 60 is configured to the first brake of monitoring 40 and the second braking The initiate mode or dead status of device 45.For example, the sensor is configured to the first braking instruction 50 of monitoring and the second brake finger Enable 55 state.

Vehicle 1 is provided with engine 65 and transmission case assembly 70.Engine 65 is, for example, endothermic engine, is fixed to institute State chassis 5.Transmission case assembly 70 is connected to the output shaft 75 of engine 65, and is configured to pass the angular speed of the output shaft 75 Pass pair of wheels 15 and second pair of wheel 35.

Transmission case assembly 70 includes gear-box 80.Gear-box 80 and chassis 5 are integral, and gear-box 80 is provided with input Axis 85 and output shaft 90, wherein input shaft 85 is rotatably coupled to the output shaft 75 of engine 65.

Gear-box 80 is, for example, that a part on chassis 5 or gear-box 80 have bearing function.

Preferably, input shaft 85 (such as directly) is rotated integrally with output shaft 75, that is, input shaft 85 with engine 65 Output shaft rotated with identical angular speed.

It is to be appreciated that herein, when an element of invention is represented as with another element " one ", this meaning This element be confined to relative to its one another element there is no freedom of motion.

Gear-box 80 for example may include discontinuous gear-box, automatic transmission, or be suitable for any other dress of the purpose At least one of set.

Transmission case assembly 70 is provided with main shaft 95, and the rotation of output shaft 90 of main shaft 95 and gear-box 80 is connected and can be incited somebody to action Rotary motion passes to second pair of wheel 35.For example, transmission case assembly 70 includes transporting the wheel 35 of second pair of wheel 35 each other The rotary motion of output shaft 90 can be passed to the second differential mechanism 100 by dynamic the second differential mechanism 100 for learning ground connection, main shaft 95 Input shaft.

In practice, main shaft 95 has first end and opposite second end, and first end is directly rotatably coupled to the gear-box 80 output shaft 90, second end are directly connected to the input shaft of the second differential mechanism 100.

It is to be appreciated that term " differential mechanism " refers to coaxial planetary gear planetary gear machine there are two tools herein Structure, planetary gear are engaged at least one satellite gear, and satellite gear is rotatably associated with shell according to an axis, the axis Line is substantially vertical relative to planetary gear rotation axis.

However, in other embodiments, differential mechanism can be can be drawn based on use condition between two driving wheels Divide any other device of input speed, such as based on the resistance acted on each individual wheel.

Second differential mechanism 100 includes: first planetary gear, is rotated integrally with a wheel of second pair of wheel 35；Second Another wheel in planetary gear, with second pair of wheel 35 rotates integrally, and coaxial with first planetary gear；At least one Satellite gear is engaged with first planetary gear and the second planetary gear, and rotatably associated with shell.Shell relative to Coaxial rotation axis is hinged to the second axle 30 with planetary gear, and is disposed relative to the input by the second differential mechanism The rotation axis of axis rotates.

Transmission case assembly 70 includes countershaft 105, and countershaft 105 is rotatably coupled to the output shaft 90 of gear-box 80, and can Communicate rotational motion to pair of wheels 15.For example, transmission case assembly 70 include the first differential mechanism 110 and countershaft 105, first Differential mechanism 110 connects the wheel 15 of pair of wheels 15 kinematics each other, and countershaft 105 can transport the rotation of output shaft 90 The dynamic input shaft for passing to the first differential mechanism 100.

First differential mechanism 110 includes first planetary gear, the second planetary gear and at least one satellite gear.First planet One wheel of gear and pair of wheels 15 rotates integrally, another wheel one of the second planetary gear and pair of wheels 15 Body rotation, satellite gear are engaged with first planetary gear and the second planetary gear, and rotatably associated with shell.Shell It is hinged to the first axle 10 relative to the rotation axis coaxial with planetary gear, and is disposed relative to through the first differential mechanism Input shaft the rotation axis rotation.

Countershaft 105 receives the rotation fortune of the output shaft 90 from gear-box 80 by insertion fixed speed speed changer 115 Dynamic, fixed speed speed changer 115 is for example configured to increase the rotation speed of countershaft 105 relative to the rotation speed of output shaft 90.

As described above, velocity transmission 115 be it is fixed, i.e., velocity transmission 115 have can be in output shaft 90 and pair The single speed difference set between axis 105.Preferably, fixed speed speed changer 115 is configured to the rotation speed phase of countershaft 105 1.04 times of about 1.02 ÷ is improved for the rotation speed of output shaft 90.

In the illustrated embodiment, fixed speed speed changer 115 includes gear.Gear is for example provided with and output shaft 90 1 The primary pinion 120 of body rotation, and the final-stage gear 125 rotated integrally with countershaft 105.For example, 120 spline of primary pinion connects To output shaft, 125 spline of final-stage gear is connected to countershaft 105.

Countershaft 105 is provided with the first segment 130 connecting with output shaft 90, that is, first segment 130 passes through fixed speed speed changer 115 are connected to the output shaft 90 of gear-box 80.For example, the end of the gear in 130 upper spline connection speed speed changer 115 of first segment Grade gear 125.

Countershaft 105 is additionally provided with second segment 135, and second segment 135 is connected to the second differential mechanism 100.In the embodiment shown In, one end opposite with first segment 130 of second segment 135 is rotated with rotation speed same as the input shaft of the first differential mechanism.

Transmission case assembly 70 includes the regulating device 140 of speed, first segment 130 He of the regulating device 140 between countershaft 105 Between second segment 135.The regulating device 140 is configured to change between the angular speed of second segment 135 and the angular speed of first segment 130 Ratio.

In practice, regulating device 140 is configured to change the angular speed and the second differential of the input shaft of the first differential mechanism 110 Ratio between the angular speed of the input shaft of device 100.

It is to be appreciated that term " ratio between the angular speed of second segment 135 and the angular speed of first segment 130 " herein Refer to the obtained numerical value of angular speed by the angular speed of second segment 135 divided by first segment 130.

Regulating device 140 includes differential attachment 145, and differential attachment 145 is configured to allow for changing the angular speed of second segment 135 Ratio between the angular speed of first segment 130 is arbitrary value in the range of minimum value is 1 and maximum value is 2.

Differential attachment is provided with shell 150, and shell 150 and the first segment 130 of countershaft 105 rotate integrally.For example, shell 150 splines are connected to the first segment 130 of countershaft 105.

Differential attachment 145 includes the satellite gear 155 of taper, central axis of the satellite gear 155 relative to satellite gear It is rotatably associated with shell 150.

Satellite gear 155 is contained in shell 150, and satellite gear 155 is opposite relative to the rotation axis of shell 150 It is vertical in the rotation axis of shell.In addition, rotation of the rotation axis of satellite gear 155 relative to the first segment 130 of countershaft 105 Axis is vertical.

Differential attachment 145 is additionally provided with the first planetary gear 160 of taper, and first planetary gear 160 can be with satellite tooth 155 engagement of wheel.

The first segment 130 that first planetary gear 160 is arranged to central axis and countershaft 105 is coaxial, and for example, the first row Star gear 160 is included in (being preferably fully contained within) shell 150.

Differential attachment 145 includes the second planetary gear 165 of taper, the second bevel planet gear 165 and first planetary gear 160 is coaxial and engage with satellite gear 155.Particularly, the one end and satellite of the second planetary gear 165 from satellite gear 155 Gear 155 engages, this one end of the satellite gear 155 is being diametrically opposed to one another relative to first planetary gear 160.

Second planetary gear 165 is also contained in (such as being completely contained in) shell 150.

The second segment 135 of second planetary gear 165 and countershaft 105 rotates integrally.For example, the second planetary gear spline connects To the second segment 135 of countershaft 105.

In the illustrated embodiment, differential attachment 145 further includes other satellite gear 170.Other satellite gear 170 It is coaxial with satellite gear 155, it is also rotatably associated with shell 150.Other satellite gear 170 and first planetary gear 160 engagements, are engaged with the second planetary gear 165.

Differential attachment 145 further includes first shaft coupling, and first shaft coupling is provided with the part integral with chassis 5, and First shaft coupling is configured to the rotation for the central axis for selectively making first planetary gear 160 relative to first planetary gear certainly By, or rotation of the comparison first planetary gear 160 relative to the central axis of first planetary gear.

Particularly, first shaft coupling can the first operating position, the second operating position and multiple intermediate regulations positions it Between be activated, wherein in the first operating position, first shaft coupling rotates freely first planetary gear 160 relative to its axis； In the second operating position, first shaft coupling limits first planetary gear 160 and rotates relative to its axis；In intermediate regulations position, First shaft coupling comparison or the angular speed for reducing first planetary gear 160.

Specifically, in the second operating position, first shaft coupling makes the chassis 5 of first planetary gear 160 and vehicle 1 at one Body, and in middle position, first shaft coupling brakes the rotation of first planetary gear 160.

In the embodiment shown in the figures, first shaft coupling includes clutch 175, and clutch 175 is provided with axis 180, Axis 180 is rotated integrally with first planetary gear 160.

Clutch 175 and first planetary gear 160 are coaxial, for example, clutch 175 is completely contained in shell 150.

Preferably, the clutch 175 of first shaft coupling further include: the shell 185 integral with chassis 5, with shell 185 at At least one clutch disk 190 of one, at least one integral clutch disk 195 and coupling arrangement be not (with axis 180 Diagram), which is configured to that clutch disk 190,195 is selectively made to leave or approach and contact.

In an alternate embodiment of the invention, first shaft coupling may include brake, which, which is provided with, to be clamped on axis The clamp of the disk of spline connection, the disk are rotated integrally with first planetary gear 160.

Differential attachment 145 includes angular transducer 200, and angular transducer 200 is configured to monitoring instruction first planetary gear The parameter value of 160 angular speed, such as be configured to the angular speed of the axis 180 of the clutch 175 of monitoring instruction first shaft coupling Parameter value.

Differential attachment 145 further includes second shaft coupling, and second shaft coupling is configured to selectively make shell 150 and countershaft 105 second segment 135 rotatably couples or does not couple.

Particularly, second shaft coupling can be between the first operating position, the second operating position and multiple intermediate regulations positions It is activated, wherein in the first operating position, second shaft coupling rotates freely shell 150 and second segment 135 relative to each other； In the second operating position, second shaft coupling rotates integrally shell 150 and second segment 135；In intermediate regulations position, the second shaft coupling Angular velocity difference between device comparison or reduction shell 150 and second segment 135.

Since the second planetary gear 165 is rotated integrally with second segment 135, second shaft coupling also acts on the second planet The angular speed of gear 165.

When first shaft coupling is activated and second shaft coupling is when the first operating position is activated in the first operating position, from The movement transmitting of the output shaft of gear-box to pair of wheels 15 is interrupted.

That is, the ratio in the operative configuration, between the angular speed of second segment 135 and the angular speed of first segment 130 Value is equal to 0.

When first shaft coupling is activated and second shaft coupling is when the second operating position is activated in the first operating position, Ratio between two section 135 of angular speed and the angular speed of first segment 130 is equal to 1.

When first shaft coupling is activated and second shaft coupling is when the first operating position is activated in the second operating position, Ratio between two section 135 of angular speed and the angular speed of first segment 130 is equal to 2.

In the embodiments illustrated in the figures, second shaft coupling includes clutch 205, and clutch 205 is provided with shell 210, Shell 210 is rotated integrally with shell 150.

Clutch 205 and the second planetary gear 165 are coaxial, for example, clutch 205 is located at the outside of shell 150.

The clutch 205 of second shaft coupling further include: at least one integral clutch disk 215 with shell 210, with the Two section of 135 integral at least one clutch disk 220 and coupling arrangement (not shown), the coupling arrangement are configured to select Property clutch disk 210,220 is made to leave or approach and contact.

In an alternate embodiment of the invention, second shaft coupling may include brake, which is provided with clamp, the clamp and shell Body 150 is integral and can be clamped in the disk of 135 upper spline of second segment connection.

Transmission case assembly 70 includes electronic control unit 225.Electronic control unit 225 is operably connected to regulating device 140, and be configured to send to regulating device 140 and enable signal, to set the angular speed of second segment 135 and the angle of first segment 130 Ratio between speed.

In the illustrated embodiment, electronic control unit 225 is configured to for example through enabling system (not shown) appropriate Activate first shaft coupling and second shaft coupling.That is, electronic control unit 225 is configured to for example through enabling appropriate system The clutch 175 of system actuating first shaft coupling (not shown) and the clutch 205 of second shaft coupling.This is to adjust the first row The angular speed of star gear 160 and the second planetary gear 165, in order to set second segment 135 by the construction of differential attachment 145 Angular speed and first segment 130 angular speed between ratio.

Electronic control unit 225 is operably connected to angular transducer 200, and be configured in the first operating position and The clutch 175 of first shaft coupling, such as also the same actuating second are activated between second operating position (including end position) The clutch 205 of axis device, until the angular speed of the first planetary gear monitored by angular transducer 200 reaches predetermined value.

For example, electronic control unit 225 can be configured to activate regulating device 140, so that the angular speed of second segment 135 and the Ratio between one section 130 of angular speed is equal to 1.That is, realizing the vehicle with the four-wheel drive enabled in this configuration Normally move forward.

In this case, electronic control unit 225 is configured to activate first shaft coupling in the first operating position and the Two operating positions activate second shaft coupling.

Electronic control unit 225 may be configured to deactivate four-wheel drive vehicle, i.e., electronic control unit 225 is configured to Regulating device 140 is enabled, so that interrupting the torque transmitting between first segment 130 and second segment 135.

In this case, electronic control unit 225 is configured to activate first shaft coupling in the first operating position and the One operating position activates second shaft coupling.

Electronic control unit 225 is operably connected to the remote control apparatus 230 of regulating device 140, regulating device 140 It is configured to set the ratio between the angular speed of second segment 135 and the angular speed of first segment 130 by electronic control unit 225 Value, for example, being set as requirements in the range of minimum value is 1 and maximum value is 2.

In addition, the electronic control unit 225 of remote control apparatus 230 can be configured to the enabling of controling adjustment device 140, make Obtain the wheel of abrupt deceleration vehicle 1, such as the pair of wheels 15 of abrupt deceleration vehicle 1.That is, remote control apparatus 230 can be configured to lead to The enabling that electronic control unit 225 carrys out controling adjustment device 140 is crossed, so that reducing the angular speed of second segment 135.

In brake arrangement in the illustrated embodiment, remote control apparatus 230 and electronic control unit 225 are configured to Middle position between first operating position and the second operating position activates first shaft coupling, and activates in the second operating position Second shaft coupling, so that reducing the angular speed of second segment 135.

That is, remote control apparatus 230 and electronic control unit 225 are configured in the first operating position and the second operating position Between middle position activate first shaft coupling, and second shaft coupling is activated in second operating position, so that reducing countershaft Angular speed, such as braking countershaft.

Remote control apparatus 230 and electronic control unit 225 can be configured to operate from the first operating position towards second Position activates first shaft coupling, and activates second shaft coupling in the second operating position, so that reducing second segment 135 or countershaft Angular speed.

This between the first operating position and the second operating position middle position (first shaft coupling is activated, with realize Brake arrangement) it is directly proportional to the requirements obtained by remote control apparatus 230.

Particularly, electronic control unit 225 is configured to the interposition between the first operating position and the second operating position The clutch 175 of actuating first shaft coupling is set, and activates second shaft coupling in the second position, so that by angular transducer 200 The magnitude of angular velocity of measured first planetary gear 160 is equal to predetermined value, which corresponds to the need of remote control apparatus 230 Evaluation.

In addition, electronic control unit 225 can be configured to enable regulating device 140 automatically, so that when state sensor 60 is felt Should to the first brake 40 and second brake 45 all in initiate mode when, reduce the angular speed of countershaft.

That is, in the embodiment shown, when state sensor 60 senses at the first brake 40 and second brake 45 When initiate mode, electronic control unit 225 is configured to automatic middle position actuating between the first position and the second position First shaft coupling, and second shaft coupling is activated in the second position, so that reducing the angular speed of countershaft.

Remote control apparatus 230 and electronic control unit 225 can be configured to the enabling of controling adjustment device 140, thus plus The pair of wheels 15 of fast vehicle 1.That is, remote control apparatus 230 and electronic control unit 225 can be configured to control to adjust dress 140 enabling is set, so that the ratio between the angular speed of second segment 135 and the angular speed of first segment 130 is set as demand The value of value, the demand is obtained by remote control apparatus 230, in the range of minimum value is 1 and maximum value is 2.

Preferably, the value is in the range of minimum value is 1.6 and maximum value is 2.

For example, the value can be configured to approximately equal to 1.8.

In the illustrated embodiment, electronic control unit 225 and remote control apparatus 230 are configured in the second operating position First shaft coupling is activated, and middle position actuating the in the first operating position or between the first position and the second position Two shaft couplings, so that the ratio between the angular speed of second segment 135 and the angular speed of first segment 130 is set as to the value of request, The value of the request is obtained by remote control apparatus, in the range of minimum value is 1 and maximum value is 2.

Particularly, electronic control unit 225 and remote control apparatus 230 can be configured to activate first in the second operating position Shaft coupling, and second shaft coupling is activated in the first operating position, so that by the angular speed of second segment 135 and first segment 130 Ratio between angular speed is set as 2.

Electronic control unit 225 is also operably connected rotation direction sensor 25, and is configured to according to by rotation direction sensor 25 The parameter value of the instruction steering angle of monitoring enables regulating device 140,

For example, electronic control unit 225 is configured to exist when the parameter value of the instruction steering angle monitored by rotation direction sensor 0 ° between preset threshold when, it is automatic to enable regulating device 140, in order to by the angular speed of second segment 135 and first segment 130 Ratio between angular speed is set as 1.

That is, in the illustrated embodiment, electronic control unit 225 is configured to when the steering angle monitored by rotation direction sensor 25 The indicated value of degree 0 ° between preset threshold when, automatically the first operating position activate first shaft coupling and second operation Position activates second shaft coupling.

In addition, electronic control unit 225 is configured to the parameter value when the instruction steering angle monitored by rotation direction sensor 25 It is automatic to enable regulating device 140 when greater than value corresponding with the preset threshold of steering angle, thus relative to the value change for 1 Ratio between the angular speed of second segment 135 and the angular speed of first segment 130.

Particularly, when the parameter value of the instruction steering angle monitored by rotation direction sensor 25 is greater than default with steering angle When the corresponding value of threshold value, electronic control unit 225 is configured to the ginseng according to the instruction steering angle monitored by rotation direction sensor 25 Numerical value and enable regulating device 140 automatically, (for example, setting) angular speed of second segment 135 and the angle of first segment 130 to change Ratio between speed is preferably 1.2 in minimum value and maximum value is 1.4 in the range of minimum value is 1 and maximum value is 2 In the range of.

For example, the preset threshold of steering angle is in the range of 30 ° to 40 °, preferably equivalent to 40 °.

Preferably, electronic control unit 225 is configured to enable regulating device 140 automatically, so that with by rotation direction sensor 25 monitoring instruction steering angles parameter values increase and for example proportionally increase second segment 135 angular speed and first segment Ratio between 130 angular speed.

In the embodiments illustrated in the figures, when by rotation direction sensor 25 monitor instruction steering angle parameter value be greater than with When the corresponding value of the preset threshold of steering angle, electronic control unit 225 is configured in the first operating position and the second operative position Middle position between setting activates first shaft coupling, to change the angular speed and first segment of (for example, setting) second segment 135 Ratio between speed is in the range of minimum value is 1 and maximum value is 2, such as is 1.2 in minimum value and maximum value is 1.4 In range.Wherein, which is the function of the parameter value of the instruction steering angle monitored by rotation direction sensor 25.

For example, with the steering angle measured by rotation direction sensor 25, when the instruction monitored by rotation direction sensor 25 turns to When the parameter value of angle is greater than value corresponding with the preset threshold of steering angle, electronic control unit 225 is configured to automatically from the One middle position activates first shaft coupling towards the second middle position, and the first middle position and the second middle position are located at the first behaviour Make between position and the second operating position, the first middle position is relative to the second middle position closer to the first operating position.

Preferably, electronic control unit 225 can be configured to the ginseng when the instruction steering angle monitored by rotation direction sensor 25 When numerical value is greater than value corresponding with the preset threshold of steering angle, the centre between the first operating position and the second operating position Position activates second shaft coupling.

In this way, regulating device is particularly quick when being transformed into another operative configuration from a kind of operative configuration, especially from The operational circumstances of wheel steering are transformed into the operational circumstances of wheel straight trip.In addition, because the adjusting of the clutch of second shaft coupling The relative velocity for allowing to reduce by two clutches, for having the case where friction on one only in two clutches (that is, one of first shaft coupling) will generate smaller abrasion, and such case allows to improve the clutch of two shaft couplings Working life.

In addition, electronic control unit 225 is also operatively connected to state sensor 60.Also, work as state sensor 60 It senses when only one is in initiate mode in the first brake 40 and second brake 45 and works as and supervised by rotation direction sensor 25 When the parameter value of the instruction steering angle of survey is greater than preset threshold, electronic control unit 225 is configured to enable regulating device 140, So that changing ratio between the angular speed of (for example, setting) second segment 135 and the angular speed of first segment 130 in minimum value as 1 In the range of being 2 with maximum value, such as in the range of minimum value is 1.2 and maximum value is 1.6.

Particularly, when the instruction parameter value of the steering angle monitored by rotation direction sensor 25 is greater than preset threshold, electronics Control unit 225 is configured to enable regulating device 140, to change the angular speed and first segment of (for example, setting) second segment 135 Ratio between 130 angular speed, so that sensing the first brake 40 and second brake 45 all relative to state sensor For when in dead status, sensed among the first brake 40 and second brake 45 at only one in state sensor 60 Ratio when initiate mode is larger.

In the embodiment shown in the drawings, when state sensor 60 sense the first brake 40 and second brake 45 it When middle only one is in initiate mode, and preset when the parameter value of the instruction steering angle monitored by rotation direction sensor 25 is greater than When threshold value, electronic control unit 225 is configured to the actuating of the middle position between the first operating position and the second operating position the One shaft coupling, the middle position are greater than default threshold relative to when the parameter value of the instruction steering angle monitored by rotation direction sensor 25 When value and state sensor 60 sense the first brake 40 and second brake 45 all in dead status, electronic control unit 225 are configured to for the middle position where actuating first shaft coupling, and the middle position is closer to the second operating position.

In addition, when state sensor 60 senses that only one is in enabling among the first brake 40 and second brake 45 When state, and when the parameter value of the instruction steering angle monitored by rotation direction sensor 25 is greater than preset threshold, electronic control Unit 225 is configured to the clutch 175 of actuating first shaft coupling, so that the angular speed of first planetary gear 160 is lower than when by turning The parameter value of the instruction steering angle monitored to sensor 25 is greater than preset threshold and state sensor 60 senses the first braking When device 40 and second brake 45 are all in dead status, pass through first planetary gear 160 required by electronic control unit 225 Angular speed.

In addition, only having one in opening when state sensor 60 detects among the first brake 40 and second brake 45 When with state, and when the parameter value of the instruction steering angle monitored by rotation direction sensor 25 is greater than preset threshold, electronic control Unit 225 is configured to the actuating of the middle position between the first operating position and the second operating position second shaft coupling, among this Position is greater than preset threshold and state sensor relative to when the parameter value of the instruction steering angle monitored by rotation direction sensor 25 60 when sensing the first brake 40 and second brake 45 all in dead status, and electronic control unit 225 is configured to activate For middle position where second shaft coupling, the middle position is closer to the first operating position.

In addition, electronic control unit 225 can be configured by angle in every kind of different configurations of electronic control unit 225 The angular speed that degree sensor 200 carrys out feedback control first planetary gear 160 is equal to the preset value of angular speed, which presets Value and the ratio as required by electronic control unit 225 between the angular speed of first segment 130 and the angular speed of second segment 135 Or direction is corresponding.

For example, electronic control unit 225 is configured to monitor the angular speed of the first planetary gear 160 by angular transducer 220, And when the magnitude of angular velocity measured by angular transducer 220 is correspondingly higher or lower relative to the preset value of angular speed, The clutch 175 of first shaft coupling is activated towards the first operating position or towards the second operating position.The angular speed is preset It is worth and passes through the ratio between the angular speed of first segment 130 and the angular speed of second segment 135 required by electronic control unit 225 It is corresponding.

Some operative configurations of vehicle according to the invention are described below.

A kind of operative configuration is that the operator of vehicle 1 needs to activate four-wheel drive.In this case, operator can make For remote control apparatus 230 to enable regulating device 140, so that first shaft coupling is in the first operating position, second shaft coupling In the second operating position, so that the angular speed of the output shaft 90 of gear-box 80 is delivered to pair of wheels 15, such as with fixation The ratio that velocity transmission 115 applies increases.

Vehicle 1 also allows to disconnect four-wheel drive.For example, in this case, operator can act on long-range control dress 230 are set to enable regulating device, so that first shaft coupling and second shaft coupling all in the first operating position, are turned round to interrupt driving Transmitting of the square to pair of wheels 15.

Another operative configuration can be manually set by operator by remote control apparatus 230, be allowed relative to second pair Wheel 35 accelerates pair of wheels 15, is present on the ground of 1 direction of advance of vehicle to be overcome with pair of wheels 15 Barrier.Particularly, operator can enable regulating device 140 by remote control apparatus 230, so that first shaft coupling is the Two operating positions and make second shaft coupling in the first operating position, so that the angle of the angular speed of second segment 135 and first segment 130 Ratio between speed is substantially equal to 2.That is, pair of wheels 15 is double in fixed speed to be equal to relative to second pair of wheel 35 Spend the angular speed rotation of the ratio of speed changer 115.

Another operative configuration of electronic control unit 225 allows for the auxiliary braking of the wheel of vehicle.For example, as behaviour When work person acts on the first brake monitor 50 and the second brake monitor 55 simultaneously, electronic control unit 225, which enables, adjusts dress 140 are set, takes second shaft coupling to second operating position, and first shaft coupling is taken to and is grasped in the first operating position and second Make the middle position between position, to reduce angular speed of first wheel 15 relative to second pair of wheel 35.

Another operative configuration of electronic control unit 225 allows to add pair of wheels 15 relative to second pair of wheel 35 Speed, to reduce steering angle when turning.Particularly, when electronic control unit 225 senses first by rotation direction sensor 25 When being greater than preset threshold value to the steering angle of wheel 15, electronic control unit 225 enables regulating device 140, in order to by the One shaft coupling takes the middle position between the first operating position and the second operating position to from first position.

When the value of the steering angle monitored by rotation direction sensor 25 drops below threshold value, electronic control unit 225 is opened With regulating device 140, first shaft coupling is brought back into the first operating position.

The present invention so conceived can produce a variety of modifications and variations, these modifications and variations all cover of the invention In thought.

In addition, all details can be substituted by element equivalent in other technologies.

In practice, used material and possible shape and size can according to need any selection, and will not Protection scope required by following claim is detached from because of the reason.