阅读说明：本技术 微能耗亚临界海水攫馏淡化方法 (Micro- subcritical seawater of energy consumption, which is seized, evaporates desalination method ) 是由 吴启帆 于 2018-05-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明微能耗亚临界海水攫馏淡化方法,含有以下步骤：⑴海水预处理；⑵设置攫馏空间；⑶海水加温加压,含有①启动工况；②常态工况；⑷余热利用和压力能回收；⑸获得淡化水；本发明主要是利用一个多管道容腔、密封的“攫馏空间”,在其内设置亚临界高温和超临界的压力,设置两个容腔：370℃的冷凝淡水流动液面和374.1℃的热海水流动液面；所述两个流动液面能在“攫馏空间”进行强力攫取,将水蒸气从较高温的液面中高速“攫取”出来,达到海水淡化的目的；本发明将余热和压力能进行了充分的利用和回收,只在“启动工况”时消耗一定的能源,在“常态工况”时耗能微小,是目前节能效果非常明显的一种海水淡化方法。(The micro- subcritical seawater of energy consumption of the present invention, which is seized, evaporates desalination method, contains following steps: (1) sea water preprocessing；(2) setting, which is seized, evaporates space；(3) seawater temperature-pressure contains 1. start operating performance；2. normality operating condition；(4) UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN and pressure energy recycling；(5) desalination water is obtained；The present invention is mainly " seizes and evaporate space " for utilizing a multi-pipeline cavity, sealing, and subcritical high temperature and postcritical pressure is being arranged inside, and two cavities: 370 DEG C of condensation fresh water flowing liquid level and 374.1 DEG C of hot sea water flowing liquid level are arranged；Described two flowing liquid levels can carry out strength " seize and evaporate space " and seize, and vapor is come out from the liquid level high speed " seizing " of higher temperatures, achievees the purpose that sea water desalination；Waste heat and pressure can be carried out sufficient utilization and recycling by the present invention, only consume certain energy at " start operating performance ", consume energy small at " normality operating condition ", be a kind of current energy-saving effect obviously method for desalting seawater.)

1. a kind of subcritical seawater of micro- energy consumption, which is seized, evaporates desalination method, contain following steps:

(1) sea water preprocessing

Seawater is pre-processed, silt, animals and plants remnant, all size plastic particles are removed；In addition, need to be to two in seawater The easy fouling salt of rank carries out chemical removal；These pretreatments can be used conventional sedimentation basin and carry out；

It is characterized by:

(2) setting, which is seized, evaporates space

The duct section of cavity more than one is set inside the pipeline of subcritical seawater desalination system, i.e., " seizes and evaporates space ", it is described " to seize Evaporate space " be a seal cavity, inside maintain 370 DEG C~374.1 DEG C of subcritical high temperature and 23 megapascal of supercritical pressure with It is more than upper or 230 technical atmosphere；There are two cavities for setting in described " seize and evaporate space ", and it is subcritical to provide two differences respectively The flowing liquid level of temperature: one be lower limit temperature condensation fresh water flowing liquid level, the other is the hot sea water of ceiling temperature flows Liquid level；Described two flowing liquid levels can carry out non-boiling high speed " seize and evaporate space " and volatilize --- and " static state seizes the process of evaporating " generates A large amount of condensation desalination water；

Since the saturated vapour pressure of lower limit temperature condensation fresh water flowing liquid level and the saturation of ceiling temperature hot sea water flowing liquid level steam Air pressure has the saturated vapour pressure pressure difference of up to 0.5~2 megapascal, therefore, superpower at " seize and evaporate space " Inner Constitution one Environment is seized in vapor nonequilibrium state, and the static volatilization of high speed, stream occur for the hot sea water flowing liquid level of subcritical ceiling temperature Dynamic liquid level rapid decrease, salt concentration concentration increase rapidly, when hot sea water is interior from cavity inlet flow to appearance " seize and evaporate space " When chamber exports, flow reduces half to 4/5ths because of " static state seizes the process of evaporating "；At this moment, tank level control system continually enters The supplement hot sea water of ceiling temperature, in the case where keeping hot sea water flowing liquid level constant, dense sea that salt content is had built up Heat exchanger heat exchange is constantly extracted and be sent to water out, recycles its thermal energy；

At the same time, the lower limit temperature condensation fresh water flowing liquid level in " seize and evaporate space " quickly receives the water seized and dissolved in steam Gas is heated up the condensation fresh water flow fluid temperature of lower limit temperature by the vapor latent heat that ceiling temperature hot sea water flowing liquid level generates To ceiling temperature, and desalination water water increases by one to five times, makes to condense fresh water flowing liquid level and promptly rises；In this way, in liquid level Under the control of control system, lower limit temperature condensation is sent constantly into fresh water, is keeping condensation fresh water flow fluid invariant position, maintaining to seize It evaporates under the nonequilibrium state of 0.5~2 megapascal needed for process, the high temperature and fresh water flow fluid increased is constantly extracted and is sent to heat exchange Device heat exchange, recycles its thermal energy；

Extracted desalination water splits into two parts, and wherein the desalination water of half to 4/5ths flows through heat exchanger heat exchange and becomes At the desalination water of room temperature, and the drive that in addition the high temperature desalination water of ceiling temperature of the half to 1/5th is pumped in Special circulation Small heat exchange link is flowed through under dynamic, by the cooling condensation cavity for being adjusted to be re-fed into " seize and evaporate space " after lower limit temperature of water temperature；

(3) seawater temperature-pressure

In the side of " seize and evaporate space " setting constent temperature heater, in the two sides of " seize and evaporate space ", heat exchanger and bidirectional high-pressure pump are set It is heated and is pressurizeed to by pretreated seawater, heating and pressure process can be divided into two kinds of operating conditions:

1. start operating performance

In the cold-start phase of entire subcritical seawater desalination system, at this point, constent temperature heater starts, but the stream of normal temperature seawater It is big to enter amount, depends merely on plus constent temperature heater is far not enough to for one step of normal temperature seawater to be warmed to subcritical 370 DEG C~374.2 DEG C temperature； Therefore, the heat of the seawater of part heating is transferred to by the Mare Frigoris water newly inputted by heat exchanger, in this way by several times Circulation can make normal temperature seawater progressively reach subcritical ceiling temperature after through heat exchanger and constent temperature heater workshop section and be sent to Gaseous seize and heat transfer process occurs for the condensation fresh water of " seize and evaporate space " and lower limit temperature；

Here it has to be mentioned that the process that Mare Frigoris water heats inside subcritical seawater desalination system is also one boosts to from normal pressure The process of supercritical pressure；

2. normality operating condition

When the desalination water for having the seawater for reaching subcritical ceiling temperature and temperature to reach lower limit temperature can be carried out that " static state, which is seized, to be evaporated When journey ", subcritical seawater desalination system has entered normality operating condition: by seize gold-plating space outflow ceiling temperature concentrated seawater and on The desalination water of limit temperature carries out sufficient heat exchange with the normal temperature seawater newly inputted and then is added by the supplement of constent temperature heater Normal temperature seawater is heated to stablize the high temperature of ceiling temperature by temperature, the ceiling temperature of other part half to 1/5th it is light Change water and flow through small heat exchange link under the driving that Special circulation pumps, water temperature cooling is adjusted to lower limit temperature and be re-fed into " seize Evaporate space " condensation cavity, to maintain to seize gold-plating process and continue；Continue inside " seize and evaporate space " almost without energy The static state of consumption seizes the process of evaporating, and the sufficient heat exchange of normal temperature seawater is then participated in by the high-temp liquid that " seizing gold-plating space " is discharged；If through The new ocean temperature of heat exchange heating slightly has deficiency, and constent temperature heater carries out adding temperature automatically, thus it is few to consume energy；

(4) UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN and pressure energy recycling

1. UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN

It " will seize using the heat exchanger that two sides setting " seizes and evaporate space " to subcritical seawater desalination system and evaporate space " upper limit temperature of discharge The concentrated seawater and desalination water of degree and the normal temperature seawater of flow direction " seize and evaporate space " are sufficiently exchanged heat, and " seize and evaporate space " output is utilized The waste-heat normal temperature seawater of concentrated seawater and desalination water, due to the fresh water for needing the normal temperature seawater heated and needs to cool down and dense sea The total amount of water it is stringent it is equal, due to need the total amount of heat heated it is also strictly equal with the total amount of heat that needs to cool down, due to heat exchanger The fluid media (medium) of two sides is water, and medium heat-conductive characteristic is almost consistent, thus it is possible to sufficient heat exchange be realized, more than generation The effect that heat sufficiently recycles；

2. pressure energy balance and recycling

" concentrated seawater " and " desalination water " being discharged from " seize and evaporate space " still has postcritical high pressure potential energy, they are sent respectively Enter bidirectional high-pressure pump suction side one end, using its pressure potential push multi-joint bidirectional high-pressure pump pressure side one end to clean seawater into Row pressurization, until the pressure at two ends potential energy of multi-joint bidirectional high-pressure pump reaches phase isoequilibrium；Due to multiplex pump live end and bear The pressure of pressure side is identical, in addition the total flow of multiplex pump front pump and drawing pump is strictly equal, so multi-joint bidirectional high-pressure pump opens After dynamic, the real work load of multiplex pump totality only has the pipe loadings of desalination system without the load of high pressure, multi-joint two-way Reversible high-pressure pump is accomplished that the cutting function of a supercritical, high pressure environment and atmospheric pressure environment, then, remain in concentrated seawater and Remaining high pressure energy can be recycled all in desalination water；

(5) desalination water is obtained

Due between 370 DEG C~374.1 DEG C, the ratio of the latent heat of water and specific heat close to 1: 1, so in " seize and evaporate space ", 370 DEG C of per kilogram of condensation of input water heats up 1 degree, can become 2 kilograms of nearly 371 DEG C of desalination waters by absorbing steam, Then, under " static state seizes the process of evaporating " of normality, when condensate liquid it is every heating 1 degree when, 2 kilograms of hot sea waters of every input and 1 kilogram it is cold Condensate can generate 1 kilogram of concentrated seawater and 2 kilograms of desalination waters；Due to the energy consumption of " static state seizes the process of evaporating " and its small, so this The seawater of invention seizes the method for desalting seawater for evaporating that desalination method is a kind of energy consumption very little.

2. the subcritical seawater of micro- energy consumption according to claim 1, which is seized, evaporates desalination method, which is characterized in that the step (2) According to the scale design of fresh water yield and different types of " seize and evaporate space " can be arranged in " setting, which is seized, evaporates space ".

3. the subcritical seawater of micro- energy consumption according to claim 1, which is seized, evaporates desalination method, which is characterized in that step (2) is described " static state seizes the process of evaporating " operating point it is better closer to critical point, overall energy consumption more saves.

4. the subcritical seawater of micro- energy consumption according to claim 1, which is seized, evaporates desalination method, which is characterized in that the step (3) The state of temperature of the 2. normality operating condition of seawater temperature-pressure is to be controlled to balance by automatic control system, " static state seizes the process of evaporating " In flow of water vapor and balance be it is abiogenous, can be by controlling the stream of cooling water after the temperature that is controlled determines Measure control seize evaporate during cocnentration factor adjustment and variation.

Technical field

It is that a kind of subcritical seawater of micro- energy consumption is seized and evaporates desalination method the invention belongs to field of sea water desalting technology.

Background technique

Clean fresh water is always countries in the world resource in short supply.Therefore, " want light to sea by desalination technology Water " becomes the conventional means of some countries.But be either widely adopted reverse osmosis membrane, low-temperature multi-effect, The desalination technologies such as flash distillation or other grinding or not yet by the desalination process of large-scale application, almost all is high energy The technology of consumption.And the energy is also current countries in the world resource in short supply.Another narrow resources are exchanged for not with a kind of narrow resources It is a good method, therefore, each state is all in the desalination technology for paying close attention to and studying low energy consumption or micro- energy consumption.But Zhi Daoxian The present, there are no the desalination technology appearances for belonging to " micro- energy consumption " concept in the world.

In all desalination technologies, in addition to the desalination processes of its core, there are one water-air-water thermal energy to hand over The process of stream.But the salt crystallized out is assigned to from the salt in seawater, the interior of molecules of salt can have almost no change；Then own Desalination technology can be generalized into be " moisture passes through " technology.

The core of thermal method desalination technology is " distillation process ".This is because salinity has very high solubility in water, But solubility of the salinity in vapor is but zero.So seawater is first become vapor by people, then again by vapor It is condensed into distilled water, in this way, just having reached the mesh that the seawater containing salinity is become distilled water without salinity, makes sea water desalination Realization.Modern thermal method desalination technology, it is already possible to the outlet temperature of coolant liquid be made to drop to 30 degree or so to improve thermal energy Utilization rate.But the cooling water of a large amount of (being equivalent to 20 times or more fresh water yields) low temperature has not only taken away the waste heat of flood tide also Thermal pollution and dense salt can be caused to pollute to water intaking sea area；And include any desalination process of thermal method distillation process, all infuse It surely is the technology of a high energy consumption.

Summary of the invention

It is seized it is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of micro- subcritical seawater of energy consumption and evaporates desalination side Method, it is that have the ullages of different temperatures non-equilibrium at two under subcritical environment (360 DEG C~374.1 DEG C) state State be saturated pressure difference common space --- " seize and evaporate space " is inner, using subcritical lower limit temperature (360 DEG C~372.5 DEG C) liquid level compared with The strength of the low saturation pressure effect of seizing, by vapor from the liquid level of subcritical large caps temperature (372.5 DEG C~374.1 DEG C) The spontaneous process that high speed " seizing " comes out, achievees the purpose that sea water desalination.This non-boiling being lauched using subcritical state The process of sea water desalination is the desalination technology of one " micro- energy consumption " by the high speed volatilization process of state --- " seizing the process of evaporating ".

Research is found: at critical-temperature (374.15 DEG C), the surface tension of water is zero.And in subcritical temperature (374.1 DEG C) when, the surface tension of water is almost nil.So the process that the vapor " being seized " under 374.1 DEG C of states volatilizees is almost It does not need to provide heat of vaporization from the external world, hardly needs from liquid internal yet and extract interior energy.So in " seizing process " regardless of The flow (vapor output, steam occurrence quantity) of steam is how many, and 374.1 DEG C of seawater can only occur under corresponding liquid level static state Drop, the raising that salinity inside solution can only occur, and liquid cooling hardly occurs.Meanwhile it is another " seize and evaporate space " The condensation end on side, due at 370 DEG C or more, the ratio between the specific heat and latent heat of water is quickly intended to 1: 1 (rather than room temperature When 1: 518), therefore, " seizing the process of evaporating " under subcritical state only needs the lower limit temperature with steam quality almost equivalent Condensed water is spent to heat up 1 DEG C, so that it may by etc. the steams of quality fully absorb.

It therefore, can be by condensed water from lower limit temperature while the vapor of ceiling temperature is absorbed by lower limit temperature condensed water It is warming up to ceiling temperature, while generating total amount up to 1~5 times of condensed water.

At this point, in time by the strong brine extraction of liquid level decline, by the zooming condensed water of having heated up, liquid level (desalination water) extraction；And supplement the condensed water for being pressed into subcritical ceiling temperature seawater and subcritical lower limit temperature, it is ensured that seize the face of evaporating Each liquid level of process remains unchanged, it is ensured that condenses the temperature-resistant of liquid level, it is ensured that seizing for nonequilibrium state evaporates environment (saturation pressure difference) It is constant；In this way, a micro- energy consumption or long-term can continue down almost without the desalination main procedure of energy consumption.

To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.

A kind of subcritical seawater of micro- energy consumption, which is seized, evaporates desalination method, contains following steps:

(1) sea water preprocessing

Seawater is pre-processed, silt, animals and plants remnant, all size plastic particles are removed；In addition, need to be in seawater The easy fouling salt of second order carry out chemical removal；These pretreatments can be used conventional sedimentation basin and carry out；

It is characterized by:

(2) setting, which is seized, evaporates space

The duct section of cavity more than one is set inside the pipeline of subcritical seawater desalination system, i.e., " seizes and evaporates space ", institute Stating " seize and evaporate space " is a seal cavity, inside maintains subcritical high temperature (370 DEG C~374.1 DEG C) and supercritical pressure (more than 23 megapascal or more than 230 technical atmosphere)；There are two cavities for setting in described " seize and evaporate space ", provide two respectively The flowing liquid levels of different subcritical temperatures: one be lower limit temperature condensation fresh water flowing liquid level, the other is ceiling temperature Hot sea water flows liquid level；Described two flowing liquid levels can carry out non-boiling high speed " seize and evaporate space " and volatilize --- and " static state, which is seized, to be evaporated Process " generates a large amount of condensation desalination water；

Due to the saturated vapour pressure of lower limit temperature condensation fresh water flowing liquid level and satisfying for ceiling temperature hot sea water flowing liquid level There is the saturated vapour pressure pressure difference of up to 0.5~2 megapascal (5~20 technical atmosphere) therefore " seizing and evaporating sky with vapour pressure Between " one superpower vapor nonequilibrium state of Inner Constitution seizes environment, the hot sea water of subcritical ceiling temperature flows liquid level The static volatilization of high speed occurs, the liquid level rapid decrease of flowing, salt concentration concentration increases rapidly, when hot sea water " is being seized and evaporated When in space " from cavity inlet flow to chamber outlet, flow reduces half to 4/5ths because of " static state seizes the process of evaporating "；This When, tank level control system continually enters the supplement hot sea water of ceiling temperature, in the case where keeping hot sea water flowing liquid level constant, The concentrated seawater that salt content has built up constantly is extracted out to and is sent to heat exchanger heat exchange, recycles its thermal energy；

At the same time, the lower limit temperature condensation fresh water flowing liquid level in " seize and evaporate space " quickly receives the water seized and dissolved in Steam, the vapor latent heat generated by ceiling temperature hot sea water flowing liquid level is by the condensation fresh water flow fluid temperature liter of lower limit temperature Temperature is to ceiling temperature, and desalination water water increases by 1~5 times, makes to condense fresh water flowing liquid level and promptly rises；In this way, in liquid level Under the control of control system, lower limit temperature condensation is sent constantly into fresh water, is keeping condensation fresh water flow fluid invariant position, maintaining to seize It evaporates under the nonequilibrium state of 0.5~2 megapascal needed for process, the high temperature and fresh water flow fluid increased is constantly extracted and is sent to heat exchange Device heat exchange, recycles its thermal energy；

Extracted desalination water splits into two parts, and wherein the desalination water of half to 4/5ths flows through heat exchanger and changes Thermal change is at the desalination water of room temperature, and in addition the high temperature desalination water of ceiling temperature of the half to 1/5th is pumped in Special circulation Driving under flow through small heat exchange link, the cooling condensation for being adjusted to be re-fed into " seize and evaporate space " after lower limit temperature of water temperature is held Chamber；

(3) seawater temperature-pressure

" seize and evaporate space " side (front side) setting constent temperature heater, " seize and evaporate space " two sides setting heat exchanger and Bidirectional high-pressure pump is heated and is pressurizeed to by pretreated seawater, and heating and pressure process can be divided into two kinds of operating conditions:

1. start operating performance

In the cold-start phase of entire subcritical seawater desalination system, at this point, constent temperature heater starts, due to normal temperature seawater Influx it is big, depend merely on plus constent temperature heater be far not enough to for one step of normal temperature seawater to be warmed to subcritical (370 DEG C~374.1 DEG C) Temperature；Therefore, the heat transfer (heat exchange) of the seawater of part heating is given to the Mare Frigoris water newly inputted by heat exchanger, in this way By recycling (usually 0.5~1 hour) several times, it can make normal temperature seawater after through heat exchanger and constent temperature heater workshop section It progressivelyes reach subcritical ceiling temperature and is sent to the condensation fresh water of " seize and evaporate space " and lower limit temperature and occur gaseous to seize and change Thermal process；Here it has to be mentioned that the process that Mare Frigoris water heats inside subcritical seawater desalination system is also one from normal pressure liter It is pressed onto the process of supercritical pressure；

2. normality operating condition

When the desalination water for having the seawater for reaching subcritical ceiling temperature and temperature to reach lower limit temperature can be carried out that " static state, which is seized, to be evaporated When process ", subcritical seawater desalination system has entered normality operating condition: by seize gold-plating space outflow ceiling temperature concentrated seawater and The desalination water of ceiling temperature and the normal temperature seawater newly inputted carry out sufficient heat exchange and then the supplement by constent temperature heater Normal temperature seawater is heated to the high temperature of stable ceiling temperature, the ceiling temperature of other part half to 1/5th by heating Desalination water small heat exchange link is flowed through under the driving that Special circulation pumps, be adjusted to water temperature is cooling lower limit temperature and be re-fed into The condensation cavity of " seize and evaporate space " is seized gold-plating process with maintenance and is continued；Continue almost not having inside " seize and evaporate space " There is the static state of energy consumption to seize the process of evaporating, the sufficient heat exchange of normal temperature seawater is then participated in by the high-temp liquid that " seizing gold-plating space " is discharged；Such as The new ocean temperature that fruit heats through heat exchange slightly has deficiency, and constent temperature heater carries out adding temperature automatically, thus it is few to consume energy；

(4) UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN and pressure energy recycling

1. UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN

The upper of discharge " will be seized and evaporate space " using the heat exchanger that two sides setting " seizes and evaporate space " to subcritical seawater desalination system The concentrated seawater and desalination water and the normal temperature seawater of flow direction " seize and evaporate space " of limit temperature are sufficiently exchanged heat, and utilize " seize and evaporate space " defeated The waste-heat normal temperature seawater of concentrated seawater and desalination water out, due to the fresh water that needs the normal temperature seawater that heats and needs to cool down and The total amount of concentrated seawater it is stringent it is equal, due to need the total amount of heat heated it is also strictly equal with the total amount of heat that needs to cool down, due to changing The fluid media (medium) of hot device two sides is water, and medium heat-conductive characteristic is almost consistent, thus it is possible to realize sufficient heat exchange, is produced The effect that raw waste heat sufficiently recycles；

2. pressure energy balance and recycling

" concentrated seawater " and " desalination water " being discharged from " seize and evaporate space " still has postcritical high pressure potential energy, they are divided Not Song Ru bidirectional high-pressure pump suction side one end, push multi-joint bidirectional high-pressure pump pressure side one end to clean sea using its pressure potential Water pressurizes, until the pressure at two ends potential energy of multi-joint bidirectional high-pressure pump reaches phase isoequilibrium；Due to multiplex pump live end It is identical with the pressure (lift) at negative pressure end, in addition the total flow of multiplex pump front pump and drawing pump is strictly equal, so multi-joint double To after high pressure pump startup, the real work load of multiplex pump totality only has the pipe loadings of desalination system without high pressure (Yang Cheng) Load, multi-joint bidirectional reversible high-pressure pump is accomplished that the cutting function of a supercritical, high pressure environment and atmospheric pressure environment, then, Remaining in remaining high pressure energy in concentrated seawater and desalination water can all recycle；

(5) desalination water is obtained

Due between 370 DEG C~374.1 DEG C, the ratio of (seawater) latent heat of water and specific heat close to 1: 1 (rather than often 1 under temperature: 518), so 370 DEG C of per kilogram of condensation of input is heated up 1 degree with water in " seize and evaporate space ", suction can be passed through Receiving steam becomes 2 kilograms of nearly 371 DEG C of desalination waters (and under normal temperature state, 1 kilogram of condensed water heats up 1 degree and can only absorb 2 grams not The steam arrived), then, under " static state seizes the process of evaporating " of normality, when 1 degree of the every heating of condensate liquid, 2 kilograms of hot sea waters of every input 1 kilogram of concentrated seawater and 2 kilograms of desalination waters can be generated with 1 kilogram of condensed water；Due to the energy consumption of " static state seizes the process of evaporating " and its micro- It is small, so seawater of the invention seizes the method for desalting seawater for evaporating that desalination method is a kind of energy consumption very little.

Further, according to the scale design of fresh water yield and inhomogeneity can be arranged in the step (2) " setting, which is seized, evaporates space " " seize and evaporate space " of type.

Further, the operating point of " static state seizes the process of evaporating " described in step (2) is better closer to critical point, and overall energy consumption is got over It saves.

Further, the state of temperature of the 2. normality operating condition of step (3) the seawater temperature-pressure is by automatic control system Control balance, flow of water vapor and balance in " static state seizes the process of evaporating " be it is abiogenous, when the temperature controlled is true After fixed, people can also be controlled by controlling the flow of cooling water seize evaporate during cocnentration factor adjustment and variation.

The micro- subcritical seawater of energy consumption of the present invention, which is seized, to be evaporated the good effect of desalination method and is:

(1) a kind of subcritical seawater of micro- energy consumption is provided and is seized and evaporates desalination method, it is steamed in one 370 DEG C~374.1 DEG C, water Air pressure difference is up to 1.03 megapascal or " seize and evaporate space " of 10 technical atmosphere is internal, utilizes two liquid levels with different temperatures The nonequilibrium state of formation is saturated pressure difference, carries out strength and seizes, vapor " is seized from the liquid level high speed of higher temperatures (374.1 DEG C) Take " come out spontaneous process, achieve the purpose that low energy consumption, low-cost desalination.

(2) since waste heat and pressure can be carried out sufficient utilization and recycling, the present invention is in addition at " start operating performance " It consumes outside certain energy, consumes energy at " normality operating condition " small；The subcritical sea water desalination of the method according to the invention manufacture System can be with micro- power consumption state longtime running Yi Dan starting, and being suitable for outlying island only has the power supplies such as solar energy, wind energy Area uses.

(3) requirement of method of the invention to input seawater is low, strong to the processing capacity of harmful substances various in seawater, whole A desalting process does not use expensive consumables, will not occur fitting using the possible membrane poisoning problem of embrane method technology It closes and works in sea area all over the world；Also it can be suitably used for the requirement that water and municipal wastewater recycle in various industry.

(4) by adjusting cocnentration factor, method of the invention is not in secondary thermal pollution and the pollution of dense salt, is conducive to protect Marine ecology, environment of preserving our planet.

(5) the method according to the invention, can be according to the design scale of different " subcritical seawater desalination system ", because of ground system Different " seize and evaporate space " preferably is set；Should belong to is a kind of current energy-saving effect obviously method for desalting seawater.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is that the micro- subcritical seawater of energy consumption of the present invention seizes the flow diagram for evaporating desalination method.

Specific embodiment

The micro- subcritical seawater of energy consumption of the present invention is explained further and seizes below in conjunction with attached drawing and evaporates the specific embodiment party of desalination method Formula, it should be noted that implementation of the invention embodiment not limited to the following.

Referring to Fig. 1.A kind of subcritical seawater of micro- energy consumption, which is seized, evaporates desalination method, contains following steps:

(1) sea water preprocessing

Seawater is pre-processed, silt, animals and plants remnant, all size plastic particles are removed；In addition, need to be in seawater The easy fouling salt of second order carry out chemical removal；Sedimentation basin can be used to carry out in these pretreatments, can refer to current routine originally The way of water factory carries out sea water preprocessing.

(2) setting, which is seized, evaporates space

It is arranged inside the pipeline of subcritical seawater desalination system " seize and evaporate space " of cavity pipeline more than one, it is described " to seize Evaporate space " it is a seal cavity, different " seize and evaporate space " may be used according to the design scale of different sea water desalting equipments (note: current seizing evaporates space there are no common apparatus, still belongs to the nonstandard special equipment specially designed, and intending application, another is special Benefit is protected).

Described " seize and evaporate space " should be one and be manufactured by anticorrosive materials such as stainless steel material or sintered quartzes, be closed more Lumen road.Hot sea water and desalination water occupy one in multi lumen conduit respectively.There is subcritical height in described " seize and evaporate space " Warm (370 DEG C~374.1 DEG C) and supercritical pressure (more than 23 megapascal or more than 230 technical atmosphere).It " seizes described and evaporates sky Between " two cavities of interior setting, provide two different subcritical temperatures respectively and flow liquid levels: one is lower limit temperature (370 DEG C) Condensation fresh water flows liquid level, the other is the pretreated seawater of ceiling temperature (374.1 DEG C) flows liquid level；It is described two Non-boiling high speed volatilization can be carried out " seize and evaporate space " by flowing liquid level --- and " static state seizes the process of evaporating " generates a large amount of condensation desalination Water.

It is known that: in subcritical temperature, the surface tension of water is almost nil, so, under subcritical temperature state Vapor seized volatilization process both do not needed from the external world provide heat of vaporization, do not need yet from liquid internal extract in can, During seizing regardless of the flow of steam how much, corresponding liquid level static state decline, only can only occur for the seawater of subcritical temperature The raising of salinity inside solution can occur, without liquid cooling occurs.

Applicant is also noted that under study for action: the condensation end in " seize and evaporate space " another side, due to 370 DEG C with When upper, the ratio between the specific heat and latent heat of water is rapidly intended to 1: 1 (rather than 1: 518 when room temperature), water and vapor Boundary tend to disappear, therefore, " seizing the process of evaporating " under subcritical state almost without energy exchange；And ceiling temperature Vapor can release latent heat to lower limit temperature condensed water, so, it is only necessary to the lower limit temperature condensed water with steam quality equivalent Every 1 degree of heating is just enough to fully absorb the steam of all ceiling temperatures, generates the condensed water of corresponding amount.It at this moment, in time will Strong brine extraction through liquid level decline, the zooming condensed water of having heated up, liquid level (desalination water) is extracted out, and supplement pressure Enter the seawater of ceiling temperature and the condensed water of lower limit temperature, it is ensured that the liquid level for seizing the face of evaporating (seawater flowing liquid level) is constant, it is ensured that cold Lime set face it is temperature-resistant, it is ensured that nonequilibrium state seize evaporate environment steam-laden pressure difference it is constant；In this way, one without energy consumption or The small desalting process of person's energy consumption can continue to carry out.

" static state seizes the process of evaporating " is better closer to critical point, and energy consumption more saves.

Due to the saturated vapour pressure of lower limit temperature condensation fresh water flowing liquid level and satisfying for ceiling temperature hot sea water flowing liquid level There is the saturated vapour pressure pressure difference of up to 0.5~2 megapascal (5~20 technical atmosphere) therefore " seizing and evaporating sky with vapour pressure Between " one superpower vapor nonequilibrium state of Inner Constitution seizes environment, the hot sea water of subcritical ceiling temperature flows liquid level The static volatilization of high speed occurs, the liquid level rapid decrease of flowing, salt concentration concentration increases rapidly, when hot sea water " is being seized and evaporated When in space " from cavity inlet flow to chamber outlet, flow reduces half to 4/5ths because of " static state seizes the process of evaporating "；This When, tank level control system continually enters the supplement hot sea water of ceiling temperature, in the case where keeping hot sea water flowing liquid level constant, The concentrated seawater that salt content has built up constantly is extracted out to and is sent to heat exchanger heat exchange, recycles its thermal energy.

At the same time, the lower limit temperature condensation fresh water flowing liquid level in " seize and evaporate space " quickly receives the water seized and dissolved in Steam, the vapor latent heat generated by ceiling temperature hot sea water flowing liquid level is by the condensation fresh water flow fluid temperature liter of lower limit temperature Temperature is to ceiling temperature, and desalination water water increases by 1~5 times, makes to condense fresh water flowing liquid level and promptly rises；In this way, in liquid level Under the control of control system, lower limit temperature condensation is sent constantly into fresh water, is keeping condensation fresh water flow fluid invariant position, maintaining to seize It evaporates under the nonequilibrium state of 0.5~2 megapascal needed for process, the high temperature and fresh water flow fluid increased is constantly extracted and is sent to heat exchange Device heat exchange, recycles its thermal energy.

Extracted desalination water splits into two parts, and wherein the desalination water of half to 4/5ths flows through heat exchanger and changes Thermal change is at the desalination water of room temperature, and in addition the high temperature desalination water of ceiling temperature of the half to 1/5th is pumped in Special circulation Driving under flow through small heat exchange link, the cooling condensation for being adjusted to be re-fed into " seize and evaporate space " after lower limit temperature of water temperature is held Chamber.

(3) seawater temperature-pressure

In the one or both sides of " seize and evaporate space " setting heater, heat exchanger and multi-joint bidirectional high-pressure pump to by pre-processing Seawater heated and pressurizeed.Heat exchange power 6~100,000 kilowatt heat exchanger can be used in the heat exchanger (can be according to fresh water yield It is required that design adjustment), spiral heat exchanger can be used, this kind of heat exchanger heat exchange power is up to 30 kilowatts every square metre, resistance to height The model of temperature can achieve 600 DEG C of degree, to can be competent at completely in terms of heatproof.But spiral heat exchanger pressure resistance is not enough, A pressure vessel in addition must be specially designed thus heat exchanger and seizes component that gold-plating space etc. is loaded by supercritical, high pressure completely It is mounted on inside this additional high-pressure bottle；Meanwhile leading in the gap between the equipment such as high-pressure bottle and internal exchanger Enter raised high pressure gas synchronous with heat exchanger internal pressure, the equipment such as heat exchanger is made to be in the equal state of external and internal pressure.In It is that the spiral heat exchanger of general high temperature resistant corrosion resistant model can directly design use.One heat exchange power 6~100,000 As long as kilowatt a cylinder type high-pressure bottle of about 6~10 rice diameter of spiral heat exchanger install into, energy Solve the problems, such as heat exchanger overpressure resistant.The multi-joint bidirectional high-pressure pump can borrow the multi-joint plunger in common hydraulic machinery Pump, is transformed by anti-corrosion, and the maximum pressure of usual hydraulic planger pump can reach 60 megapascal, should be able to be directly sharp after anti-corrosion is transformed With.

The heating and pressure process can be divided into two kinds of operating conditions:

1. start operating performance

In the cold-start phase of entire subcritical seawater desalination system, at this point, constent temperature heater just starts, in heat exchanger There are no the concentrated seawaters of high temperature or desalination water to provide heat exchange；Again since the influx of normal temperature seawater is big, depends merely on and add constent temperature heater Far it is not enough to for one step of normal temperature seawater being warmed to subcritical (370 DEG C~374.1 DEG C) temperature；It therefore, will by heat exchanger The Mare Frigoris water that newly inputs is given in the heat transfer (heat exchange) of the seawater of part heating, pass through recycle several times in this way (usually 0.5~ 1 hour), normal temperature seawater can be made to progressively reach subcritical ceiling temperature after through heat exchanger and constent temperature heater workshop section and sent Gaseous seize and heat transfer process occurs for the condensation fresh water toward " seize and evaporate space " and lower limit temperature.Meanwhile utilizing multi-joint two-way height Normal temperature and pressure seawater is warming up to subcritical state by the cutting function of press pump.Make to seize the super of the water-insoluble gas of gold-plating space interior Critical (more than 23 megapascal) high pressure potential energy maintains to stablize --- here it has to be mentioned that Mare Frigoris water is in subcritical seawater desalination system The process of portion's heating is also the process that supercritical pressure is boosted to from normal pressure.

When system is cold-started, when being poured into from Mare Frigoris water in system original air --- water-insoluble gas, can quilt Seawater is compressed and is focused in " seizing gold-plating space ", and with the continuous rising of ocean temperature, the pressure potential of the gas of this part is fast Speed increases, and is always higher than the saturated vapour pressure force value of hot sea water, so when system reaches subcritical temperature operating condition, this portion The gas pressure divided will be much higher than critical pressure, and system maintains subcritical temperature using the supercritical pressure potential energy of this portion gas Under static state seize gold-plating operating condition (non-boiling state), meanwhile, adjusted by external supercritical, high pressure gas pump and gold-plating sky seized in maintenance Between internal maximum subcritical water flow of vapor space presence.

In addition, most start section and most latter end in system, using bidirectional high-pressure pump by inlet part normal temperature and pressure seawater with The product water (fresh water and concentrated seawater) of exit portion room temperature supercritical pressure carries out the balance of pressure potential, keeps system whole at any time Meet the high pressure operating condition of overcritical (more than 23 megapascal or more than 230 technical atmosphere) everywhere.

2. normality operating condition

When the desalination for thering is the seawater for reaching subcritical ceiling temperature (374.1 DEG C) and temperature to reach lower limit temperature (370 DEG C) When water energy carries out " static state seizes the process of evaporating ", subcritical seawater desalination system has entered normality operating condition: by seizing the outflow of gold-plating space The desalination water of the concentrated seawater of ceiling temperature and ceiling temperature degree carried out with the normal temperature seawater newly inputted sufficient heat exchange and then Normal temperature seawater is heated to the high temperature of stable ceiling temperature, other part half by the supplement heating of constent temperature heater Desalination water to 1/5th ceiling temperature degree flows through small heat exchange link under the driving that Special circulation pumps, by the cooling tune of water temperature It is whole to lower limit temperature and to be re-fed into the condensation cavity of " seize and evaporate space " to continue to seize gold-plating process；It is internal " seize and evaporate space " Continue to seize the process of evaporating almost without the static state of energy consumption, normal temperature seawater is then participated in by the high-temp liquid that " seizing gold-plating space " is discharged Sufficient heat exchange；If the new ocean temperature through heat exchange heating slightly has deficiency, constent temperature heater carries out adding temperature automatically, because And it is few to consume energy.

The state of temperature of the normality operating condition is to be controlled to balance by automatic control system, and in " static state seizes the process of evaporating " Flow of water vapor and balance be it is abiogenous, after the temperature that is controlled determines, people can also pass through control cooling water Flow come control seize evaporate during cocnentration factor adjustment and variation.

(4) UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN and pressure energy recycling

1. UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN

The upper of discharge " will be seized and evaporate space " using the heat exchanger that two sides setting " seizes and evaporate space " to subcritical seawater desalination system The concentrated seawater and desalination water and the normal temperature seawater of flow direction " seize and evaporate space " of limit temperature are sufficiently exchanged heat, and utilize " seize and evaporate space " defeated The waste-heat normal temperature seawater of concentrated seawater and desalination water out, due to the fresh water that needs the normal temperature seawater that heats and needs to cool down and The total amount of concentrated seawater it is stringent it is equal, due to need the total amount of heat heated it is also strictly equal with the total amount of heat that needs to cool down, due to changing The fluid media (medium) of hot device two sides is water, and medium heat-conductive characteristic is almost consistent, so, utilize the dense sea of " seize and evaporate space " output The waste heat of water and desalination water is enough to directly heat normal temperature seawater into the subcritical high temperature of needs, energy through sufficient one step of heat exchange It enough realizes sufficient heat exchange, generates the effect that waste heat sufficiently recycles.

2. pressure energy balance and recycling

" concentrated seawater " and " desalination water " being discharged from " seize and evaporate space " still has postcritical high pressure potential energy, they are divided Not Song Ru bidirectional high-pressure pump suction side one end, push multi-joint bidirectional high-pressure pump pressure side one end to clean sea using its pressure potential Water pressurizes, until the pressure at two ends potential energy of multi-joint bidirectional high-pressure pump reaches phase isoequilibrium.Due to multiplex pump live end It is identical with the pressure potential (lift) at negative pressure end, in addition the total flow of multiplex pump front pump and drawing pump is strictly equal, so more After joining bidirectional high-pressure pump startup, the real work load of multiplex pump totality only has the pipe loadings of desalination system without high pressure The load of (Yang Cheng), multi-joint bidirectional reversible high-pressure pump are accomplished that the partition function of a supercritical, high pressure environment and atmospheric pressure environment Can, then, remaining in remaining high pressure energy in concentrated seawater and desalination water can all (100%) recycling.

(5) desalination water is obtained

Due between 370 DEG C~374.1 DEG C, the ratio of (seawater) latent heat of water and specific heat close to 1: 1 (rather than often 1 under temperature: 518), so 370 DEG C of per kilogram of condensation of input is heated up 1 degree with water in " seize and evaporate space ", suction can be passed through Receiving steam becomes 2 kilograms of nearly 371 DEG C of desalination waters (and under normal temperature state, 1 kilogram of condensed water heats up 1 degree and can only absorb 2 grams not The steam arrived), then, under " static state seizes the process of evaporating " of normality, when 1 degree of the every heating of condensate liquid, 2 kilograms of hot sea waters of every input 1 kilogram of concentrated seawater and 2 kilograms of desalination waters can be generated with 1 kilogram of condensed water；Due to the energy consumption of " static state seizes the process of evaporating " and its micro- It is small, so seawater of the invention seizes the method for desalting seawater for evaporating that desalination method is a kind of energy consumption very little.

The micro- subcritical seawater of energy consumption of the present invention seizes the application prospect for evaporating desalination method:

The subcritical seawater of micro- energy consumption according to the invention, which is seized, to be evaporated desalination method and can design the Asia of different scales according to demand Critical sea water desalting equipment: it both may be designed to that small in size, light-weight, fresh water yield is big, water quality is excellent, low energy consumption and versatility is stronger Stand-alone type equipment, and requirement of this stand-alone type equipment to input seawater quality is low, and operating stablizes, is easy to control reliable； Other than disposably needing the larger energy of little Hao when starting, energy consumption when long-term work is extremely low, and being very suitable to those can only be with wind The place application such as isolated island, remote Hai Cun that energy, solar energy energize；Also for ship large size, having a large amount of fresh water requirements, floating Offshore exploration facility or the occasions such as warship, floating nuclear power plant use.May be designed as certain scale, be able to satisfy It is that specific seashore region, cities and towns, farm use, be able to satisfy community or the seawater desalting plant of industry or agricultural use.

Subcritical super-pressure and superelevation can be in while in accordance with the subcritical sea water desalting equipment of method design of the invention The state of temperature, but for current industrial technology, the parallel techniques such as super-critical vapor boiler are quite mature, high-precision Mechanical process capacity is also quite universal, this super-pressure that subcritical sea water desalination is needed, superhigh temperature device fabrication Can not no longer it imagine.In addition, current new material can cope in terms of high temperature seawater anti-corrosion corrosion protection and except incrustation, and therefore, In It can accomplish on subcritical sea water desalting equipment and implement.

It is recommended that embodiment

The micro- subcritical seawater of energy consumption of the present invention seizes a kind of embodiment for evaporating desalination method.

Small-sized subcritical seawater to produce 125 tons of fresh water daily, which is seized, evaporates the base unit that desalting plant is implemented as the present invention: The yield of desalination water is set as daily 125 tons, it is contemplated that the factor of concentrated seawater exhaust emission, the spy of the comprehensive micro- energy consumption of the present invention Point, it is proposed that overall cocnentration factor is set as 1 to 1, and the input quantity of cleaning seawater needed for the base unit is 250 ton/days (suitable It is more in 10 tons per hour), with 1 meter of flow velocity per second to the operating condition of base unit input seawater, the pipeline of setting is straight Diameter should be 40 millimeters.

40 millimeters of internal diameter of the pipeline are pressed below, and survey estimates the small-sized subcritical seawater and seizes the correlated performance for evaporating desalting plant.

(1) weight of equipment is light

According to the weight (about 3 tons) of the conventional helical plate heat exchanger of close flow, in addition release shell and seizing evaporates The weight of device calculates together, and the small-sized subcritical seawater of 125 tons of fresh water of daily output seizes that evaporate the weight of desalting plant be about 5 tons.

(2) equipment land occupation is few

The land occupation of the general spiral heat exchanger of same traffic, identical heat exchange power is essentially identical, then empty including operation Between, have 25 square metres should just it is much of that.

And the embrane method equipment for usually producing 100 tons of water daily at least needs to take up an area 200 square metres, and the multistage of usual 100 tons of water Flash system at least needs 1000 square metres；It compares, the base unit that the present invention is implemented can be saved from equipment and place 87.5% or 97.5%.

If desalination main equipment is changed subcritical seawater and is seized and evaporates desalination in the embrane method or thermal method fresh water factory built up Equipment, same place can accommodate more set units, and fresh water yield can increase to 8~20 times.

(3) low in energy consumption, power saving

The base unit design maximum starting power consumption that the present invention is implemented is 20 kilowatts, and 2,000 should be reduced to after steady operation Watt or less (different depending on specific product equipment making quality)；And the embrane method motor power consumption for usually producing 100 tons of water daily will be 500,000 Watt or more；The base unit that the present invention is implemented can save electric power 99%.

(4) it is consumed without other chemicals

The base unit that the present invention is implemented does not have the consumption of other chemicals, consumption and day including not expensive film The consumption of normal easily-consumed products.

(5) environmentally protective, do not pollute

The strong brine for the base unit discharge that the present invention is implemented is room temperature, without thermal pollution；Secondly, cocnentration factor can be It is adjusted as needed between 2: 1 to 1: 20.In face of subcritical cheap desalination water, unless concentrated seawater requires for other purposes, otherwise completely It is not necessary to pursue highly enriched ratio, therefore, dense salt pollution can effectively avoid.

(6) easy to operate, be easy to control adjustment

" seizing the process of evaporating " depends on the temperature and flow of coolant liquid, under conditions of hydrothermal solution temperature and constant flow, changes The speed and flow of coolant liquid input, it will be able to change the actual work temperature state of coolant liquid, then, the yield of desalination water It can change, lead to the variation of cocnentration factor.Therefore, the flow of control condensate circulation pump, synchronous adjustment variable-flow can be passed through The flow of single only pump of bidirectional high-pressure pump, so that it may the easily cocnentration factor of adjustment desalination.

The method according to the invention, can be according to the design scale of different " subcritical seawater desalination system ", adaptation to local conditions Different " seize and evaporate space " is arranged in ground.The analysis for the base unit implemented according to the present invention, method of the invention, which should belong to, is Obviously a kind of method for desalting seawater, the cost for desalinating aquatic products are very low for energy-saving effect at present.