阅读说明：本技术 一种集成化多功能山药收获机 (Integrated multifunctional Chinese yam harvester ) 是由 高建民 许珂 艾安君 于 2021-08-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种集成化多功能山药收获机,涉及农业装备领域,包括起土机构、筛分机构和输送机构；所述起土机构用于将带土山药挖出并移送到筛分机构上,筛分机构将山药和泥土筛分并把山药移送到输送机构；所述输送机构对山药进行输送；所述起土机构包括第一滑块、滑块架、曲柄和起土铲；所述起土铲一端的两侧均通过销轴活动安装有第一滑块,所述第一滑块对称滑动安装在滑块架两侧的滑道上；所述起土铲中间位置的两侧均通过销轴活动安装有曲柄的一端,曲柄的另一端均通过销轴安装在滑道的左端位置上。本发明可实现开沟、取山药、去土和输送中的一种或者多种功能。(The invention discloses an integrated multifunctional Chinese yam harvester, which relates to the field of agricultural equipment and comprises a soil lifting mechanism, a screening mechanism and a conveying mechanism; the soil lifting mechanism is used for digging out the Chinese yams with soil and transferring the Chinese yams to the screening mechanism, and the screening mechanism screens the Chinese yams and the soil and transfers the Chinese yams to the conveying mechanism; the conveying mechanism conveys the Chinese yam; the soil lifting mechanism comprises a first slide block, a slide block frame, a crank and a soil lifting shovel; the two sides of one end of the soil lifting shovel are respectively and movably provided with a first sliding block through a pin shaft, and the first sliding blocks are symmetrically and slidably arranged on the sliding ways on the two sides of the sliding block frame; the two sides of the middle position of the soil lifting shovel are both movably provided with one end of a crank through a pin shaft, and the other end of the crank is both arranged at the left end of the slide way through a pin shaft. The invention can realize one or more functions of ditching, yam taking, soil removing and conveying.)

1. An integrated multifunctional Chinese yam harvester is characterized by comprising a soil lifting mechanism (3), a screening mechanism (4) and a conveying mechanism (5); the soil lifting mechanism (3) is used for digging out the Chinese yams with soil and transferring the Chinese yams to the screening mechanism (4), and the screening mechanism (4) screens the Chinese yams and the soil and transfers the Chinese yams to the conveying mechanism (5); the conveying mechanism (5) conveys the Chinese yam;

the soil lifting mechanism (3) comprises a first slide block (301), a slide block frame (302), a crank (303) and a soil lifting shovel (304); two sides of one end of the soil lifting shovel (304) are respectively and movably provided with a first sliding block (301) through a pin shaft, and the first sliding blocks (301) are symmetrically and slidably arranged on sliding ways (305) on two sides of a sliding block frame (302); the two sides of the middle position of the soil lifting shovel (304) are respectively and movably provided with one end of a crank (303) through a pin shaft, and the other end of the crank (303) is respectively arranged at the left end position of the slide way (305) through the pin shaft.

2. The integrated multifunctional yam harvester of claim 1, wherein the crank (303) is rotated by power to drive the first slide block (301) to move back and forth from right to left along the slide way (305) for one circle to complete yam digging and transferring.

3. The integrated multifunctional yam harvester of claim 1, wherein the conveying mechanism (5) comprises a sloping plate (501), a track (502), a chain wheel frame (503), a chain (504) and a chain wheel (505); the inclined plate (501) is arranged at the input end of the crawler belt (502), and the position of the output end of the crawler belt (502) is provided with a long groove (604); two groups of chain wheel frames (503) are arranged, chain wheels (505) are installed on the chain wheel frames (503), the chain wheels (505) are in chain transmission with chains (504), and rubber rings (509) are arranged on the adjacent sides of the two chains (504); the long groove (604) is arranged below the middle position of the two chains (504).

4. The integrated multifunctional yam harvester of claim 3, wherein the vertical distance between the chain (504) and the elongated slot (604) is kept constant after gradually increasing to a certain value.

5. The integrated multifunctional yam harvester of claim 3, wherein the chain (504) is detachably provided with a rubber ring (509); and the rubber rings (509) on the two chains (504) are arranged in a staggered way.

6. The integrated multifunctional yam harvester of claim 3, wherein a second sliding block (506) is arranged below the supporting mechanism of the conveying mechanism (5), the second sliding block (506) is installed in the frame sliding groove (605), an elastic member is arranged in the frame sliding groove (605), and under the action of the elastic member, the second sliding block (506) slides back and forth along the frame sliding groove (605).

7. The integrated multifunctional yam harvester of claim 1, wherein the screening mechanism (4) comprises a screen plate (401), a base (405) and a linear reciprocating motor (404); the linear reciprocating motor (404) is arranged on the base (405), and the output end of the linear reciprocating motor (404) is connected with the sieve plate (401) through a hinge.

8. The integrated multi-functional yam harvester of claim 7, wherein the base (405) is angled to facilitate yam entering the transport mechanism (5).

9. The integrated multifunctional yam harvester of claim 7, wherein a bracket (402) is arranged on the frame of the sieve plate (401), an ultrasonic sensor (403) is arranged on the bracket (402), and the ultrasonic sensor (403) is used for measuring the distance from the ultrasonic sensor (403) to the soil layer.

10. The integrated multifunctional yam harvester of claim 1, further comprising a vertical rotary cultivator (2), wherein the vertical rotary cultivator (2) is arranged in front of the soil lifting mechanism (3); the vertical rotary cultivator (2) is driven by a tractor (1).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural equipment, in particular to an integrated multifunctional Chinese yam harvester.

Background

The Chinese yam has a long planting history in China, is deeply popular with the masses as a medicinal and edible crop, has no public hazard and high medicinal value, and has obvious economic benefit although few planting users. In recent years, with the adjustment of the structure of the planting industry, the increase of the social consumption demand and the drive of higher economic benefits, the enthusiasm and the investment of people for planting Chinese yam are increased, and the planting area and the planting range are also rapidly expanded.

Therefore, the research on the yam harvesting mechanization in China is continuously carried out. The yam harvesting process is roughly divided into three parts of ditching, soil removing and yam taking, however, most of the yam harvesters are designed in the initial ditching stage, so that a large amount of manpower and labor are still needed in the yam harvesting process. At present, only part of yam harvesters integrating the functions of ditching, soil removing, yam taking and the like are limited by various problems of digging depth, missing harvesting, damage rate and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an integrated multifunctional Chinese yam harvester which can realize one or more functions of ditching, Chinese yam taking, soil removing and conveying.

The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.

An integrated multifunctional Chinese yam harvester comprises a soil lifting mechanism, a screening mechanism and a conveying mechanism; the soil lifting mechanism is used for digging out the Chinese yams with soil and transferring the Chinese yams to the screening mechanism, and the screening mechanism screens the Chinese yams and the soil and transfers the Chinese yams to the conveying mechanism; the conveying mechanism conveys the Chinese yam;

the soil lifting mechanism comprises a first slide block, a slide block frame, a crank and a soil lifting shovel; the two sides of one end of the soil lifting shovel are respectively and movably provided with a first sliding block through a pin shaft, and the first sliding blocks are symmetrically and slidably arranged on the sliding ways on the two sides of the sliding block frame; the two sides of the middle position of the soil lifting shovel are both movably provided with one end of a crank through a pin shaft, and the other end of the crank is both arranged at the left end of the slide way through a pin shaft.

Furthermore, the crank is driven by power to rotate, so that the first sliding block is driven to move along the slide way from right to left for one circle to complete yam digging and transferring.

Further, the conveying mechanism comprises a sloping plate, a crawler belt, a chain wheel frame, a chain and a chain wheel; the inclined plate is arranged at the input end of the crawler belt, and the position of the output end of the crawler belt is provided with an elongated slot; the chain wheel frame is provided with two groups of chain wheel frames, chain wheels are arranged on the chain wheel frames and are in chain transmission with the chains, and rubber rings are arranged on the adjacent sides of the two chains; the long groove is arranged below the middle position of the two chains.

Furthermore, the vertical distance between the chain and the long groove is kept unchanged after gradually increasing to a certain value.

Further, a rubber ring is detachably arranged on the chain; and the rubber rings on the two chains are arranged in a staggered way.

Furthermore, a second sliding block is arranged below the supporting mechanism of the conveying mechanism, the second sliding block is installed in the frame sliding groove, an elastic part is arranged in the frame sliding groove, and under the action of the elastic part, the second sliding block slides in a reciprocating mode along the frame sliding groove.

Furthermore, the screening mechanism comprises a screen plate, a base and a linear reciprocating motor; the linear reciprocating motor is arranged on the base, and the output end of the linear reciprocating motor is connected with the sieve plate through a hinge.

Furthermore, the base is arranged at a certain angle to facilitate Chinese yam to enter the conveying mechanism.

Furthermore, a support is arranged on a frame of the sieve plate, an ultrasonic sensor is arranged on the support, and the ultrasonic sensor is used for measuring the distance from the ultrasonic sensor to a soil layer.

Further, the soil-lifting mechanism also comprises a vertical rotary cultivator which is arranged in front of the soil-lifting mechanism; the vertical rotary cultivator is driven by a tractor.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention relates to a harvester integrating ditching, yam taking, soil removing and conveying, and the harvester has high integration and rich functionality. And the whole machine is in a modular design, so that the maintenance cost is greatly reduced while the installation and the disassembly are convenient.

2. The soil lifting mechanism adopts the principle of a crank-slider mechanism, and ensures the smooth realization of the soil lifting function under the condition of simple structure.

3. Be provided with the one end that the rubber circle is used for centre gripping chinese yam on conveying mechanism's the chain, the below position between two chains is provided with the aim at of elongated slot: when the output was carried to the chinese yam through the track, the effect of gravity was down because of the one end of chinese yam, and the other end of chinese yam goes upward by the rubber circle centre gripping of both sides, is driven to remove by the conveying chain, because the relative frame of conveying chain risees gradually, consequently, the chinese yam is promoted a definite position gradually, has arrived a definite position after, and conveying chain changes direction of delivery to the direction of conveniently collecting the chinese yam.

4. The second sliding block is arranged below the supporting plate of the conveying mechanism and is installed in a frame sliding groove formed in the frame, an elastic part is arranged in the frame sliding groove, and the second sliding block can slide in the frame sliding groove in a reciprocating mode under the action of the elastic part, so that a chain in the conveying mechanism can swing back and forth, and the Chinese yam is subjected to secondary soil removal.

5. In the screening mechanism, a plurality of linear reciprocating motors are arranged below the screen plate, and the Chinese yams with soil are subjected to soil removal through the work of the linear reciprocating motors.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a view of the overall structure of a yam harvester according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the soil lifting mechanism of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the screening mechanism of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the delivery mechanism of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the rubber ring mounted on the chain shown in FIG. 4 according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the vehicle frame of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the soil lifting mechanism of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the linear reciprocating motor of FIG. 3 according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a side view of the sifting mechanism of FIG. 3 according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a side view of the chain conveyor mechanism of FIG. 4 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a front elevational view of the chain, sprocket and sprocket carrier of FIG. 4 in accordance with the present invention;

figure 12 is a partial top view of the vehicle frame of figure 1 according to the present invention.

Reference numerals:

1-a tractor; 2-vertical rotary cultivator; 3-a soil lifting mechanism; 4-a screening mechanism; 5-a conveying mechanism; 6-a frame; 301-a first slider; 302-a slider frame; 303-crank; 304-a soil lifting shovel; 305-a slide; 401-sieve plate; 402-a stent; 403-an ultrasonic sensor; 404-linear reciprocating motor; 405-a base; 501-sloping plate; 502-track; 503-sprocket carrier; 504-a chain; 505-a sprocket; 506-a second slider; 507-connecting blocks; 508-support rods; 509-rubber ring; 510-a nut; 511-bolt; 512-a gasket; 601-a connecting rod; 602-a frame; 603-vehicle wheels; 604-long slot; 605-frame runner; 606-a bullet block; 607-spring.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

With reference to the attached drawing 1, the vertical rotary cultivator 2 is connected to the rear part of the tractor 1 in a three-point suspension mode; the frame 6 is arranged at the rear part of the tractor 1 through a bracket and is pulled by the tractor 1; the soil lifting mechanism 3 is fixedly arranged on the front side of the frame 6; the screening mechanism 4 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the frame 6; the lateral conveying mechanism 5 is fixedly arranged at the rear end position of the frame 6.

As shown in fig. 2, the slider frame 302 is fixedly mounted on the frame 6; the first sliding block 301 is arranged in a slide way 305 arranged on the sliding block frame 302, and the first sliding block 301 can slide in the slide way 305 in a reciprocating way; the crank 303 is arranged at the left end of the slide way 305; the crank 303 is arranged at one end of the slider frame 302 and is driven by a rotating motor; the other end at crank 303 is installed to the shovel 304, and wherein, crank 303 has two, and the both sides of the middle position of the shovel 304 are all connected with the crank through the pivot, and under the drive of rotating electrical machines, first slider 301 removes and accomplishes the chinese yam work of digging out to the leftmost end, gets back to the rightmost end again and accomplishes the chinese yam and transfer the work. The front end of the soil lifting shovel 304 is of an arc-shaped structure, so that the Chinese yam can be lifted conveniently.

As shown in fig. 3, the base 405 is fixedly mounted on the frame 6 by welding; 3 linear reciprocating motors 404 are fixedly arranged on the base 405; the upper part of the linear reciprocating motor 404 is connected with the sieve plate 401 through a spherical hinge; 4 brackets 402 are fixedly arranged on the frame of the sieve plate 401; an ultrasonic sensor 403 is fixedly mounted on each bracket 402.

As shown in fig. 4, the conveying mechanism 5 mainly includes two major parts, i.e., a track conveying member and a sprocket conveying member. The inclined plate 501 and the crawler 502 form a crawler conveying component; the chain wheel frame 503 is fixedly arranged on the top of the support rod 508; the bottom of the support rod 508 is fixedly provided with a connecting block 507; a second sliding block 506 is fixedly arranged below the connecting block 507; the chain wheel 505 is fixedly arranged on the chain wheel frame 503; the chain 504 is mounted on a sprocket 505.

Referring to fig. 5, the rubber rings 509 are fixedly mounted on the chains 504 by nuts 510, bolts 511 and spacers 512, and the rubber rings 509 are alternately arranged on adjacent sides of the two chains 504.

Referring to fig. 6, the connecting rod 601 connects the frame 602 and the tractor 1; 3 pairs of wheels 603 are arranged on the frame 602; the frame 602 is provided with 4 frame sliding grooves 605; the frame sliding groove 605 and the second sliding block 506 are installed in a matching way; an elastic block 506 and a spring 507 are arranged in the frame sliding groove 505; one end of the spring 507 is symmetrically arranged on the frame sliding groove 605, the other end of the spring 507 is connected with the elastic blocks 506, the elastic blocks 506 are arranged oppositely, the second sliding block 506 is arranged between the two elastic blocks, and under the action of elastic force, the second sliding block reciprocates in the frame sliding groove 605, so that the whole chain wheel conveying mechanism can swing back and forth all the time in the advancing process, and the Chinese yam is subjected to secondary soil removal.

Referring to fig. 7, the soil lifting mechanism 3 is essentially a crank-slider mechanism, and the driving member is a crank 303; the crank 303 is 300mm long; the two cranks 303 are provided, and the length of the shovel 304 from a point connected with the crank 303 to a point of the second slide block 301 is 400 mm.

As shown in fig. 8, the linear reciprocating motor 404 is installed in a regular triangle, and the center of gravity of the regular triangle is the center of the screen deck 401. The linear reciprocating motors are arranged in a regular triangle and are arranged in the center of the vibrating screen. Therefore, when the screening device works, the stress of the vibrating screen can be more uniform. Because three points form a plane, 3 linear reciprocating motors are arranged at the bottom of the vibrating screen, so that the motors are not required to be strictly required to keep a uniform rhythm, and the vibrating screen can obtain more vibration degrees of freedom.

Referring to fig. 9, the base 405 is provided with an inclination angle of 5 °. The design of the inclination angle of the base of the screening mechanism ensures that the harvested products can be smoothly processed in the next step.

With reference to fig. 4 and 10, the sloping plate 501 is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom; the width of the track 502 is 40 mm; the chain 504 makes an angle of 30 ° with the horizontal.

With reference to fig. 11, the chain 504 has a splay angle α of 135 °. The design is to make the chain better collect the Chinese yam and improve the fault-tolerant rate. The rubber rings are arranged on the chain, and the rubber rings are arranged in a staggered mode because the diameter of the Chinese yam cannot be determined, so that the Chinese yam can be clamped more tightly, and the Chinese yam is prevented from falling off.

With reference to fig. 12, an elongated slot 604 is formed at the rear of the frame 602; the width of the long groove 604 is 90 mm-100 mm.

A working engineering of a Chinese yam harvester comprises the following steps:

after the installation of the whole machine is completed, the vertical rotary cultivator 2 connected behind the vertical tractor 1 starts to rotate to the ground from above the ground, and after the vertical rotary cultivator 2 is completely buried, namely the vertical rotary cultivator 2 is vertical to the ground, the tractor 1 starts to drive the whole machine to advance;

with the movement of the tractor 1, the soil lifting mechanism 3 starts to work, and the soil lifting shovel 304 conveys the Chinese yam and the soil around the Chinese yam to the screening mechanism 4; the screening method of the screening mechanism 4 is that the distance from the ultrasonic sensor 403 to the soil layer is measured by 4 ultrasonic sensors 403 arranged on the vibrating screen 401, so as to calculate the thickness of the soil layer, and whether the linear reciprocating motor 404 works or not is controlled by using the fuzzy control idea as follows: when the thickness of the soil layer is 0-10 mm, starting 1 linear reciprocating motor 404; when the thickness of the soil layer is 10 mm-20 mm, starting 2 linear reciprocating motors 404; when the thickness of the soil layer is more than 20mm, starting 3 linear reciprocating motors 404;

along with the continuous transportation of the yams and the soil blocks to the screening mechanism 3 by the soil lifting shovel 303, the yams which are screened from the soil on the screening mechanism 4 are extruded to the transportation mechanism 5;

firstly, the Chinese yam can slide onto the crawler belt 502 from the inclined plate 501, the width of the crawler belt 502 ensures that only one Chinese yam can be accommodated, the rear end of the Chinese yam can fall into the long groove 604 as the Chinese yam is transported backwards by the crawler belt 502, the front end of the Chinese yam can be lifted under the influence of gravity and is conveyed between the two chains 504 and is clamped by the rubber rings 509 arranged on the chains 504, and finally the Chinese yam is conveyed to the side of the soil pit under the conveying of the chains 504, so that the Chinese yam can be conveniently collected by personnel.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.