阅读说明：本技术 Pp2a激动剂防治由正常衰老或pp2a活性或表达降低所导致的精神障碍 (PP2A agonist for preventing and treating mental disorder caused by normal aging or reduced PP2A activity or expression ) 是由 叶静 陆一鸣 陈科桦 G·埃里克 王波 邢骏 应亦林 梁惠欣 于 2021-08-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及PP2A激动剂防治由正常衰老或PP2A活性或表达降低所导致的精神障碍。本发明发现MPH对于老年斑马鱼、老年小鼠和ppp2r2c～(m/m)突变斑马鱼的精神障碍具有治疗作用,可以消除其DNA损伤和衰老的神经细胞,并提高PP2A活性,进一步发现PP2A激动剂可改善ppp2r2c～(m/m)斑马鱼、老年斑马鱼和老年小鼠的精神障碍,消除其DNA损伤和衰老的神经细胞。基于此,提供了MPH及PP2A激动剂在制备防治因正常年龄增长或PP2A活性或降低所导致的精神障碍药物中的用途。(The invention relates to a PP2A agonist for preventing and treating mental retardation caused by normal aging or reduction of PP2A activity or expressionAnd (4) preventing the skin from being damaged. The invention discovers that MPH can be applied to old zebra fish, old mice and ppp2r2c m/m The mutant zebra fish has therapeutic effect on mental disorder, can eliminate DNA damage and aged nerve cells, and improve PP2A activity, and further finds that PP2A agonist can improve ppp2r2c m/m Mental disorder of zebrafish, senile zebrafish and senile mice, and elimination of nerve cells with DNA damage and aging. Based on the application, the application of the MPH and PP2A agonist in preparing the medicines for preventing and treating the mental disorder caused by the increase of normal age or the activity or reduction of PP2A is provided.)

The application of PP2A agonist in preparing medicine for preventing and treating mental disorder caused by normal aging.

2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that said psychiatric disorders are selected from cognitive, affective and/or behavioural disorders, of which the phenotype is weakened response to external agents, weakened exploration of new events, irritability, anxiety, depression, decreased social activity, decreased cognitive function, decreased learning capacity or decreased memory.

3. The use according to claim 1, wherein the PP2A agonist is MPH, DT-061 or FTY 720.

Use of a PP2A agonist in the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of psychotic disorders associated with reduced activity and/or expression of PP 2A.

5. Use according to claim 4, wherein the psychotic disorder resulting from reduced activity and/or expression of PP2A is hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or depressive anxiety.

6. Use according to claim 4, characterized in that the psychiatric disorders are selected from cognitive disorders, affective disorders and/or behavioural disorders.

7. Use according to claim 6, characterized in that said psychiatric disorders have a phenotype of reduced ability to respond to external agents, reduced ability to explore new objects, irritability, anxiety, depression, reduced social activity, reduced cognitive function, reduced learning ability or reduced memory.

8. The use according to claim 4, wherein the PP2A agonist is MPH, DT-061 or FTY 720.

Use of a PP2A agonist in the preparation of an experimental agent for reducing DNA damage, clearing senescent cells, lysing senescent cells, or inhibiting cellular senescence.

Use of PP2A activity and/or expression as biomarker for the preparation of a reagent or kit for the diagnosis of age-related psychotic disorders.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biological medicines, in particular to a PP2A agonist for preventing and treating mental disorder caused by normal aging or reduced activity or expression of PP 2A.

Background

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine phosphatase, has a wide range of substrates, mostly relates to transcription factors and protein kinases, participates in multiple cell biological functions, and can play an important role in energy metabolism, DNA damage and repair, protein translation, cell cycle regulation, signal transduction, and the like. Previous studies have shown that PP2A has tumor-inhibiting effects; the functional abnormality of PP2A can cause diabetes, obesity and the like, and simultaneously, coronary atherosclerosis is also related to abnormal variation of PP 2A; it is involved in secondary pathological processes such as retinopathy, cardiomyopathy and the like.

In addition, patent document CN101478977A discloses that abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) brain is partly due to down-regulation of PP2A activity, so an agent that can increase PP2A activity, in particular, the ABC isoform activity of PP2A, would have clinical utility for treating or preventing the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Patent document CN103893182A discloses that a SET protein small molecule inhibitor can inhibit the interaction between SET protein and PP2A, improve the activity of PP2A in cells, reduce the phosphorylation level of protein kinase interacting with PP2A, promote apoptosis, change cell cycle to exert corresponding biological effects, and treat inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, malignant tumors, autoimmune diseases, and the like, in which SET protein expression is abnormal. The master paper of Jilin university, "Experimental study of Src promoting growth and growth cone formation of injured neuron projections by PP 2A", discloses that inhibition of PP2A activity promotes growth and growth cone formation of injured neuron projections. Journal article "effect of ludwighui, victory, caoyangmei. lithium on CDK5 and PP2A expression in brain of chronic aluminum-exposed rat [ J ] journal of the university of sienna traffic (medical edition), 2010,031(004): 463-466" discloses that there was no significant difference in the cortex and hippocampal PP2A contents of rats in the normal group, the chronic aluminum-exposed lithium treatment group and the non-treatment group.

In summary, the relationship between PP2A and neurological and psychiatric diseases is not clear at present, and no report is found on the use of PP2A agonists in the prevention and treatment of psychotic disorders caused by normal aging or reduced activity or expression of PP 2A.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to provide the use of PP2A agonists for the prevention and treatment of psychotic disorders caused by normal aging or by a decrease in PP2A activity or expression, in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.

In a first aspect, the invention provides the use of a PP2A agonist in the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention and treatment of psychotic disorders associated with normal aging.

As a preferred example, the psychiatric disorder is selected from cognitive disorders, affective disorders and behavioral disorders, the phenotype of which is weakened ability to respond to external agents, weakened ability to explore new things, irritability, anxiety, depression, decreased social ability, decreased cognitive function, decreased learning ability or decreased memory.

As another preferred example, the PP2A agonist is MPH, DT-061 or FTY 720.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides the use of a PP2A agonist in the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of psychotic disorders caused by reduced activity and/or expression of PP 2A.

As a preferred example, the psychiatric disorder is selected from cognitive disorders, affective disorders and/or behavioural disorders.

More preferably, the phenotype of the psychiatric disorder is reduced ability to respond to the external world, reduced ability to explore new things, irritability, anxiety, depression, decreased social ability, decreased cognitive function, decreased learning ability or decreased memory.

As another preferred example, the psychiatric disorder resulting from reduced PP2A activity and/or expression is hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or depressive anxiety disorder.

As another preferred example, the PP2A agonist is MPH, DT-061 or FTY 720.

In a third aspect, the invention provides the use of a PP2A agonist in the preparation of an experimental agent for reducing DNA damage, clearing senescent cells, lysing senescent cells, or inhibiting cellular senescence.

In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a use of PP2A activity and/or expression as a biomarker for preparing a reagent or a kit for diagnosing age-related mental disorders.

As a preferred example, the age-related mental disorder is a mental disorder caused by normal aging.

More preferably, the psychiatric disorder is a disorder closely associated with age-rise, selected from the group consisting of senile anxiety, senile depression, senile hyperactivity disorder and senile bipolar disorder.

In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a method of preventing a psychotic disorder resulting from normal ageing or from reduced activity and/or expression of PP2A in a subject in need thereof, comprising the step of administering to the subject an agonist of protein phosphatase 2A (PP 2A).

As used herein, the term "mental disorder" is a general term for disorders of different degrees of mental activity such as cognition, emotion, behavior and will. As known in the art, the "cognition" involves three processes: sensory and perceptual, memory and attention, thought processes. The "feeling and perception" refers to understanding the world by using eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin to understand the surroundings, and this process is the perception of the brain on the existence of external objective objects, i.e., the result of reflecting the external objects to the brain. The term "memory" in "memory and attention" refers to the retention of a previously perceived object in the brain, and "attention" refers to the direction of a person's mental activities to a certain object. The "thinking process" refers to a process in which the brain analyzes, synthesizes, and judges information that is perceptually reflected to the brain by using past experience, thereby drawing a conclusion. The emotion refers to attitude and external expression of people to treat any thing. The term "behavior and will" refers to the psychological process by which a person takes action to achieve a certain goal. Normally, the three aspects of mental activity, "cognition", "emotion", "behavior and will", are coordinated and synchronized and conform to the external environment. In the case of mental disorders, the coordination of "cognition", "emotion" and "behavior and will" or the discrepancy between "cognition", "emotion" or "behavior and will" from the external environment is manifested.

As used herein, with respect to "normal aging-induced mental disorder" is meant mental symptoms affecting healthy aging, WHO believes that aging is a gradual accumulation of various molecular and cellular insults on a biological level leading to a gradual reduction in physiological stores, a general decline in various abilities, and an increased risk of many diseases. These changes are neither linear nor invariant across the population, they are sporadic correlations with age. For example, while some elderly people over the age of 70 may enjoy life with a healthy body, good mental condition, most people are gradually frail and require various auxiliary supports to meet their basic needs. WHO proposes mental state changes (or disorders) include: coping ability changes; a change in behavior; loss of memory; aggressiveness; depression, anxiety and apathy; difficulty in sleeping; illusion and illusion; repeating the action; walking and getting lost; a change in judgment. In the elderly population, the appearance of one or more of the above symptoms suggests a decrease in mental or psychological condition of the elderly. However, this change (or disorder) in mental state is distinguished from Alzheimer's Disease (AD) caused by beta-amyloid (A β) deposition and tau tangles.

As used herein, the term "PP 2A agonist" refers to a compound that acts directly or indirectly on PP2A and activates it to produce a physiological response.

Herein, MPH is collectively referred to in english as Methlphenidate, also known as methylphenidate. DT-061 is a known agonist of PP2A, also abbreviated as SMAP. FTY720 is a known PP2A agonist, fingolimod.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. the invention discovers that MPH can be applied to old zebra fish, old mice and ppp2r2c^m/mThe mental disorder of the zebra fish has a therapeutic effect, and can eliminate DNA Damage (DDR) and aged nerve cells, so that MPH can be used for preparing a medicament for preventing and treating the mental disorder caused by normal age increase or reduction of PP2A activity.

2. The invention discovers that MPH improves the contents of old zebra fish, old mice and ppp2r2c^m/mZebra fish activity in PP2A is a PP2A agonist.

3. The invention also finds that the PP2A agonist can improve the ppp2r2c^m/mThe mental disorder of zebra fish, old zebra fish and old mice, and the elimination of nerve cells with DNA Damage (DDR) and aging, therefore, the PP2A agonist can be used for preparing a medicament for preventing and treating the mental disorder caused by normal age increase or reduction of PP2A activity.

Drawings

FIG. 1: schematic representation showing mutation of zebrafish ppp2r2c gene using CRISPR-Cas9 system. Yellow and red boxes show the target exon and domain, respectively. The red dotted line shows the 4-nucleotide deletion in ppp2r2 c. The black triangles show the positions of the PCR primers used to amplify the ppp2r2c mRNA.

FIG. 2: RT-qPCR analysis was performed on the primers ppp2r2c-p1, ppp2r2c-p2 and ppp2r2c-p3 (before and after the mutation region of ppp2r2c as shown in FIG. 1) at different positions of the ppp2r2c gene, RT-qPCR analysis was performed on the other regulatory subunit genes of PP2A (ppp2r2a, ppp2r2b, ppp2r2d) and RT-qPCR analysis on ppp2r5c in adult wild-type and homozygous ppp2r2c mutant fish brains, indicating that the mRNA expression level of this model ppp2r2c is specifically reduced and the model construction is successful (n ═ 3 independent biological samples; unpaired double-sided t-test).

FIG. 3: and (4) experimental design. For WT and ppp2r2c^m/mFish (6 months old) behavioral testing with or without MPH treatment for 3 days.

FIG. 4: the experimental protocol of the photostimulation test and the parameters recorded and analyzed in the photostimulation test. a is an experimental scheme of a photostimulation test; b is a representative graph of adult fish movement during 30 seconds of light; c is a quantification of the burst state duration during 30 seconds of illumination (each set of n-9).

FIG. 5: a is WT and ppp2r2c with and without MPH treatment for 3 days during a 5 minute trial period^m/mRepresentative motion trajectory (grey line) in (6 month old) microscopic examination. b is a quantification of the number of mirror attacks in a 5 minute interval (WT-vehicle, WT-MPH and ppp2r2c^m/m-vehicle，n＝9；ppp2r2c^m/m-MPH，n＝8)。

FIG. 6: a is the 30 minute trial period in the open field trial, with or without MPH for 3 days, WT and ppp2r2c^{m /m}(6 months of age) representative motion trajectory (gray line), where the square represents the central region. b is the cumulative time of adult fish staying in the center (ppp2r2 c)^m/m-vehicle, n ═ 7; WT-vehicle and WT-MPH, n is 8; ppp2r2^cm/m-MPH, n ═ 9). Data are mean. + -. SEM<0.05，**P<0.01, n.s., not significant; and (4) bidirectional variance analysis.

FIG. 7: light stimulation, mirror image challenge and open field trials with different psychotherapeutic drugs.

FIG. 8: for adult ppp2r2c^m/mZebrafish brains were assayed for PP2A phosphatase for 3 days (n-3 independent biological samples, each containing two brains).

FIG. 9: a is WT treated with or without DT-061, FTY720 and MPH + DT-061 and ppp2r2c^m/m(6 months of age) motor activity during 30 seconds of light represents the plot. b is the quantification of the duration of the burst state during 30 seconds of illumination (WT, n 9; WT-DT-061, ppp2r2c^m/mVehicle and ppp2r2c^m/m-DT-061, n 6, WT-FTY-720 and ppp2r2c^m/m-FTY-720，n＝10；WT-MPH + DT-061 and ppp2r2c^m/m-MPH+DT-061，n＝11)。

FIG. 10: a is the treatment of WT and ppp2r2c with or without DT-061, FTY720 and MPH + DT-061 for 3 days during a 5 minute trial period^m/m(6 months of age) representative motion profiles (gray lines) for the mirror image challenge test were performed. b is the quantification of the number of mirror attacks in a 5 minute interval (WT-vehicle, n. sub.9; WT-DT-061, ppp2r2c^m/mVehicle and ppp2r2c^{m /m}-DT-061, n 6, WT-FTY-720 and ppp2r2c^m/m-FTY-720，n＝10；ppp2r2c^m/m-MPH+DT-061，n＝11；WT-MPH+DT-061，n＝12)。

FIG. 11: a is the open field test 30 min test period, WT and ppp2r2c with or without DT-061, FTY720 and MPH + DT-061 treatment for 3 days^m/mRepresentative motion trajectory (gray line) of (6 months of age). The box shows the central area. b is the cumulative time of stay of adult fish in the central zone (WT-DT-061, ppp2r2 c)^m/mVehicle and ppp2r2c^m/m-DT-061, n ═ 9; WT-vehicle, n is 10; WT-FTY-720 and ppp2r2c^m/m-FTY-720, n 11, WT-MPH + DT-061 and ppp2r2c^m/m-MPH + DT-061, n ═ 6). c is the average adult fish velocity (WT-DT-061, ppp2r2 c)^m/mVehicle and ppp2r2c^m/m-DT-061, n ═ 9; WT-vehicle, n is 10; WT-FTY-720 and ppp2r2c^m/m-FTY-720, n 11, WT-MPH + DT-061 and ppp2r2c^m/m-MPH + DT-061, n ═ 6). d is the total swimming distance of adult fish (WT-DT-061, ppp2r2 c)^m/mVehicle and ppp2r2c^m/m-DT-061, n ═ 9; WT-vehicle, n is 10; WT-FTY-720 and ppp2r2c^m/m-FTY-720, n 11, WT-MPH + DT-061 and ppp2r2c^m/m-MPH+DT-061，n＝6)。

FIG. 12: immunofluorescence assay for detection of WT and ppp2r2c treated for 3 days with or without DT-061, FTY720 and MPH + DT-061^m/mNeuN (green) and γ H2AX (red) (scale bar, 5 μm) in OT (6 months old). The percentage of positive γ H2AX for neurons (NeuN +) and non-neurons (NeuN) was quantified (positive values indicate the number of nuclei with at least 5 γ H2AX foci in the nuclei per total number of nuclei, n ═ 6/group;. indicates the statistical difference for the NeuN + group, # indicates the statistical difference for the NeuN-group).

FIG. 13: WT and ppp2r2c treated with or without DT-061, FTY720 and MPH + DT-061 for 3 days^m/mRepresentative images of SA-. beta. -gal co-staining with NeuN (green) immunofluorescence in OT (6 months old) (scale bar, 15 μm). Arrows point to SA- β -gal + nerve cells. Determination of the percentage of neurons SA- β -gal positive neurons (NeuN +) and non-neurons (NeuN) (n ═ 6/group;. indicates the statistical difference in the NeuN + group, # indicates the statistical difference in the NeuN-group). Data are mean ± sd ·<0.05，**P<0.01，#P<0.05，##P<0.01, two-factor analysis of variance.

FIG. 14: experimental design for behavioral testing of 6-month (adult) and 22-month (elderly) fish, with or without MPH or DT-061 for 3 days.

FIG. 15: parameters were recorded and analyzed in the photostimulation test. a is a moving activity representative graph during 30 seconds of light on. b is the quantification of the burst state duration during a 30 second light on period (6m, n-8; 22m, n-15; 22m MPH, n-11; 22m-DT-061, n-9; one-way anova).

FIG. 16: a is the representative motion trajectory (grey line) in the adult fish mirror attack test during the 5 minute test. b is the quantification of the number of image attacks in a 5 minute interval (6m, n-14; 22m, n-15; 22m-DT-061, n-12; one-way anova).

FIG. 17: a is a representative motion trajectory (grey line) in a 30 minute open field test. The box shows the central area. b is the cumulative residence time of the adult fish in the central area (3m, n 18, 22m, n 11; 22m MPH, n 10; 22m-DT-061, n 9; one-way anova).

FIG. 18: a is a representative confocal image (scale bar, 5 μm) of Neun (green) and γ H2AX (red) co-staining in the brain of a 22 month old fish treated with or without MPH or DT-061 for 3 days. b is the quantification of γ H2AX positive nuclei (positive values indicate at least 5 γ H2AX foci) (WT-vehicle, n-4; WT-MPH, n-7; WT-DT-061, n-3; unpaired bilateral t-test).

FIG. 19: a is a representative image (scale bar, 15 μm) of SA- β -gal staining of 22 month old WT fish treated with or without MPH or DT-061 for 3 days. b is the quantification of the percentage of SA-. beta. -gal positive cells (WT-vehicle and WT-MPH, n.6; WT-DT-061, n.4; one-way ANOVA).

FIG. 20: PP2A phosphatase assay after treatment of elderly fish with MPH or DT-061 (n-3 independent biological samples each containing two brains; one-way anova). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, # P <0.05, # P < 0.01.

FIG. 21: behavioral experimental design of 3-month and 14-month old mice treated with MPH.

FIG. 22: the number of transitions between light and dark room in the light-to-dark transition test (n: 5, 3 m; n: 8, 14 m-MPH; one-way analysis of variance).

FIG. 23: the longest latency of the Morris water maze experiment.

FIG. 24: frequency across platforms in the mouse Morris water maze experiment.

FIG. 25: the time spent in the correct quadrant in the Morris water maze test (3m, n-4; 14m-MPH, n-5; one-way anova).

FIG. 26: a is a representative confocal image (scale bar, 25 μm) of Neun (green) and γ H2AX (red) co-staining in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain of 14-month-old mice after treatment with MPH or vehicle, compared to 3-month-old mice. b is the quantification of 3m, 14m and 14m-MPH frontal or temporal gamma H2AX positive nuclei (3m, n-6; 14m, n-3; 14m-MPH, n-3; unpaired bilateral t-test).

FIG. 27 is a schematic view showing: a is a representative image (scale bar, 25 μm) of SA- β -gal staining of frontal and temporal lobes of the brain of 14-month old WT mice treated with or without MPH compared to 3-month old mice. b is the quantification of the percentage of SA- β -gal staining positive cells (n-3/group; unpaired two-sided t-test).

FIG. 28: PP2A phosphatase assay in frontal and temporal lobes of mice brains (3m, n-5; 14m, n-8; 14m-MPH, n-8; unpaired bilateral t-test). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, # P <0.05, # P < 0.01.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

First, experiment method

1. All drug solutions were freshly prepared using PBS (MPH 1.08mg/kg, sodium valproate 300mg/kg, aripiprazole 0.6mg/kg, ziprasidone 1.6mg/kg, DT061 and FTY 7205 mg/kg). Zebrafish were given a 3 day dip in drug solution for food and behavioral analysis was performed on day 4. Both 14 and 3 month old C57B6/J mice were produced and housed in the animal facility at Rejin Hospital, school of medicine, Shanghai university of transportation. The protocol was approved by the ethical committee of animal experiments. C57B6/J mice, both 14 and 3 months old, were gavaged with MPH (12.3mg/kg/d) for 14 days.

2. Generation of CRISPR-Cas9 mutant zebrafish. The ppp2r2c mutant zebrafish was generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, in which guide RNAs targeting the ppp2r2c exon 9 (sgRNA: 5'-GGGCAGAGATACC-3' (SEQ ID NO:1)) and the cdkn1a/p21 exon 2 (sgRNA: 5'-GGTAATGGGCCGACTAGG-3' (SEQ ID NO:2)) were designed using ZiFiT target software (http:// ZiFiT. F0 generation was grown to 3 months old and was cross-bred with wild zebrafish to obtain a potential F1 indel mutation. Genomic DNA isolated from the tail of F1 zebrafish was subjected to PCR amplification and sequencing to identify the ppp2r2c mutant (primer for genotyping: fwd 5'-CaggcAgtgttGaagat-3' (SEQ ID NO: 3); rev 5'-GTGCTGAGAGGCCACTAA-3' (SEQ ID NO:4)) and the p21 mutant (primer for genotyping: fwd 5'-TCTGTGATTGTGTG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 5); rev 5'-GAGTGCACATCGTTC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 6)).

3. Brain section immunofluorescence imaging. Zebrafish tissue was isolated at 4 ℃ and fixed with 4% PFA overnight, then dehydrated with 30% sucrose overnight. Tissues were embedded in OCT and sectioned at 5 min. Frozen sections and slides were fixed in 4% PFA for 30 min, then permeabilized and blocked with 0.5% Triton X-100, 2% FBS in 1 XPBS for 1 hour at room temperature. Hybridization with the primary antibody was performed overnight at 4 ℃ and then washed three times with 0.1% tween-20 in PBS. Hybridization with the corresponding secondary antibody (Invitrogen) was carried out at 37 ℃ for at least 2 hours. Finally, the sections were incubated with 1 × DAPI for 5 min at room temperature. The photographs were taken using a confocal laser scanning microscope (SP 8; Leica).

4.PP2A phosphatase assay. Homogenates prepared from zebrafish brain, mouse frontal and temporal lobes were placed in 20mM imidazole-HCl, 2mM EDTA, 2mM EGTA, pH 7.0 and 10. mu.g/mL each of aprotinin, leupeptin and pepstatin, 1mM benzamidine, and 1mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and solubilized by the addition of 1% NP-40. The assay was then performed using the PP2A immunoprecipitation phosphatase assay kit (microwell) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The absorbance at a wavelength of 650nm (A650) was measured in a microtiter plate reader (BioTAK).

5. And (5) analyzing the behavior of the zebra fish.

An adult fish was placed in a standard mating pond (21X 10X 7.5 cm) containing system water 6 cm deep and allowed to acclimate for 15 minutes before being transferred to an automated observation and video tracking system (ZebraLab; Viewpoint Life Sciences).

Light stimulation test: one adult fish was placed in the dark and allowed to acclimatize for 15 minutes. The lights were then turned on for 30 seconds and activity was recorded using the zebrabab quantification software module. The focus of the quantitative test is the activity of the zebrafish, which represents the total amount of movement of the zebrafish in the tank and its frequency. The software can automatically record the location of the zebrafish and compare the previous location with the new location. The changed pixels are considered active. We obtained two thresholds (burst threshold 100, freezing value 20) using wild type fish. The burst threshold indicates that the 95% moved pixel change is below this value. The frozen value indicates that the pixel change is below this value when the fish stops moving. If the value of the moving surface is above the burst threshold, the activity will be recorded as burst activity and the software will automatically record the duration of the activity.

And (3) mirror image attack testing: a mirror was placed outside the end of the tank and the fish were monitored for aggressive behavior using a zebra lab tracking software module for 5 minutes.

Open field test: zebrafish activity was monitored continuously for 30 minutes using video tracking software (recording and analyzing the time spent in the central area (30% of total area).

6. SA-beta-gal staining. This was done using the senescent beta-galactosidase staining kit (Beyotime). The analysis was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Images were taken with a zeiss a2 microscope.

7. Mouse behavior assay.

Morise Water maze experiment: the Morris water maze experiment was performed on blue circular pools and platforms of 120cm and 10cm diameter, respectively. The circular area is divided into 4 quadrants and a plateau area. Around the pool 4 sheets of paper of different shapes were hung. The experiment took a total of 6 days. During the first 5 days, the platform was fixed in a fixed position and rats were then placed in the pool with their heads directed from each quadrant towards the wall. The incubation period and the distance of the mouse entering the platform are recorded by software of Shanghai Xin soft information technology company Limited to be used as the judgment of the learning capacity of the mouse. On day 6, the procedure was repeated after removing the platform. The frequency of mouse crossing the platform area, the time in the correct quadrant, and the average distance from the platform position were recorded as judgments for their memory.

Light/dark conversion experiment: we used an instrument that consisted of a light-emitting, open-top, opaque plexiglass cassette (25 x 30 cm) connected to a black, closed-top, opaque plexiglass cassette (20 x 30 cm). The animals were placed in a light box and moved freely from the light to the dark room for 5 minutes through a connecting door (12X 5 cm). The lamp box is illuminated by the desk lamp. If all four paws are in the light box, the mouse is considered to be in the light box. The number of transitions between the light and dark chambers was collected.

Second, experimental results

1. And (3) constructing a zebra fish model with abnormal mental behaviors (figure 1 and figure 2).

FIG. 1: schematic representation showing mutation of zebrafish ppp2r2c gene using CRISPR-Cas9 system. Yellow and red boxes show the target exon and domain, respectively. The red dotted line shows the 4-nucleotide deletion in ppp2r2 c. The black triangles show the positions of the PCR primers used to amplify the ppp2r2c mRNA.

FIG. 2: RT-qPCR analysis was performed on the primers ppp2r2c-p1, ppp2r2c-p2 and ppp2r2c-p3 (before and after the mutation region of ppp2r2c as shown in FIG. 1) at different positions of the ppp2r2c gene, RT-qPCR analysis was performed on the other regulatory subunit genes of PP2A (ppp2r2a, ppp2r2b, ppp2r2d) and RT-qPCR analysis on ppp2r5c in adult wild-type and homozygous ppp2r2c mutant fish brains, indicating that the mRNA expression level of this model ppp2r2c is specifically reduced and the model construction is successful (n ═ 3 independent biological samples; unpaired double-sided t-test).

2. MPH can reverse ppp2r2c^m/mAbnormal mental performance exhibited by the model (fig. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7).

FIG. 3: and (4) experimental design. For WT and ppp2r2c^m/mFish (6 months old) behavioral testing with or without MPH treatment for 3 days.

FIG. 4: the experimental protocol of the photostimulation test and the parameters recorded and analyzed in the photostimulation test. a is an experimental scheme of a photostimulation test; b is a representative graph of adult fish movement during 30 seconds of light; c is a quantification of the burst state duration during 30 seconds of illumination (each set of n-9).

FIG. 5: a is WT and ppp2r2c with and without MPH treatment for 3 days during a 5 minute trial period^m/mRepresentative motion trajectory (grey line) in (6 month old) microscopic examination. b is a quantification of the number of mirror attacks in a 5 minute interval (WT-vehicle, WT-MPH and ppp2r2c^m/m-vehicle，n＝9；ppp2r2c^m/m-MPH，n＝8)。

FIG. 6: a is the 30 minute trial period in the open field trial, with or without MPH for 3 days, WT and ppp2r2c^{m /m}(6 months of age) representative motion trajectory (gray line), where the square represents the central region. b is the cumulative time of adult fish staying in the center (ppp2r2 c)^m/m-vehicle, n ═ 7; WT-vehicle and WT-MPH, n is 8; ppp2r2^cm/m-MPH, n ═ 9). Data are mean. + -. SEM<0.05，**P<0.01, n.s., not significant; and (4) bidirectional variance analysis.

FIG. 7: light stimulation, mirror image challenge and open field trials with different psychotherapeutic drugs.

3. PP2A agonist improves ppp2r2c^m/mBehavioral disorders, restoration of PP2A activity, elimination of DNA Damage (DDR) and senescent nerve cells (FIG. 8, FIG. 9, FIG. 10, FIG. 11, FIG. 12, FIG. 13))。

FIG. 8: for adult ppp2r2c^m/mZebrafish brains were assayed for PP2A phosphatase for 3 days (n-3 independent biological samples, each containing two brains).

FIG. 9: a is WT treated with or without DT-061, FTY720 and MPH + DT-061 and ppp2r2c^m/m(6 months of age) motor activity during 30 seconds of light represents the plot. b is the quantification of the duration of the burst state during 30 seconds of illumination (WT, n 9; WT-DT-061, ppp2r2c^m/mVehicle and ppp2r2c^m/m-DT-061, n ═ 6; WT-FTY-720 and ppp2r2c^m/m-FTY-720, n ═ 10; WT-MPH + DT-061 and ppp2r2c^m/m-MPH+DT-061，n＝11)。

FIG. 10: a is the treatment of WT and ppp2r2c with or without DT-061, FTY720 and MPH + DT-061 for 3 days during a 5 minute trial period^m/m(6 months of age) representative motion profiles (gray lines) for the mirror image challenge test were performed. b is the quantification of the number of mirror attacks in a 5 minute interval (WT-vehicle, n. sub.9; WT-DT-061, ppp2r2c^m/mVehicle and ppp2r2c^{m /m}-DT-061, n ═ 6; WT-FTY-720 and ppp2r2c^m/m-FTY-720，n＝10；ppp2r2c^m/m-MPH+DT-061，n＝11；WT-MPH+DT-061，n＝12)。

FIG. 11: a is the open field test 30 min test period, WT and ppp2r2c with or without DT-061, FTY720 and MPH + DT-061 treatment for 3 days^m/mRepresentative motion trajectory (gray line) of (6 months of age). The box shows the central area. b is the cumulative time of stay of adult fish in the central zone (WT-DT-061, ppp2r2 c)^m/mVehicle and ppp2r2c^m/m-DT-061, n ═ 9; WT-vehicle, n is 10; WT-FTY-720 and ppp2r2c^m/m-FTY-720, n 11, WT-MPH + DT-061 and ppp2r2c^m/m-MPH + DT-061, n ═ 6). c is the average adult fish velocity (WT-DT-061, ppp2r2 c)^m/mVehicle and ppp2r2c^m/m-DT-061, n ═ 9; WT-vehicle, n is 10; WT-FTY-720 and ppp2r2c^m/m-FTY-720, n 11, WT-MPH + DT-061 and ppp2r2c^m/m-MPH + DT-061, n ═ 6). d is the total swimming distance of adult fish (WT-DT-061, ppp2r2 c)^m/mVehicle and ppp2r2c^m/m-DT-061，n＝9；WT-vehicle，n＝10；WT-FTY-720 and ppp2r2c^m/m-FTY-720, n 11, WT-MPH + DT-061 and ppp2r2c^m/m-MPH+DT-061，n＝6)。

FIG. 12: immunofluorescence assay for detection of WT and ppp2r2c treated for 3 days with or without DT-061, FTY720 and MPH + DT-061^m/mNeuN (green) and γ H2AX (red) (scale bar, 5 μm) in OT (6 months old). The percentage of positive γ H2AX for neurons (NeuN +) and non-neurons (NeuN) was quantified (positive values indicate the number of nuclei with at least 5 γ H2AX foci in the nuclei per total number of nuclei, n ═ 6/group;. indicates the statistical difference for the NeuN + group, # indicates the statistical difference for the NeuN-group).

FIG. 13: WT and ppp2r2c treated with or without DT-061, FTY720 and MPH + DT-061 for 3 days^m/mRepresentative images of SA-. beta. -gal co-staining with NeuN (green) immunofluorescence in OT (6 months old) (scale bar, 15 μm). Arrows point to SA- β -gal + nerve cells. Determination of the percentage of neurons SA- β -gal positive neurons (NeuN +) and non-neurons (NeuN) (n ═ 6/group;. indicates the statistical difference in the NeuN + group, # indicates the statistical difference in the NeuN-group). Data are mean ± sd ·<0.05，**P<0.01，#P<0.05，##P<0.01, two-factor analysis of variance.

4. MPH ameliorated behavioral disturbances in aged fish, restored PP2A activity, eliminated DDR and senescent nerve cells (fig. 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20).

FIG. 14: experimental design for behavioral testing of 6-month (adult) and 22-month (elderly) fish, with or without MPH or DT-061 for 3 days.

FIG. 15: parameters were recorded and analyzed in the photostimulation test. a is a moving activity representative graph during 30 seconds of light on. b is the quantification of the burst state duration during a 30 second light on period (6m, n-8; 22m, n-15; 22m MPH, n-11; 22m-DT-061, n-9; one-way anova).

FIG. 16: a is the representative motion trajectory (grey line) in the adult fish mirror attack test during the 5 minute test. b is the quantification of the number of image attacks in a 5 minute interval (6m, n-14; 22m, n-15; 22m-DT-061, n-12; one-way anova).

FIG. 17: a is a representative motion trajectory (grey line) in a 30 minute open field test. The box shows the central area. b is the cumulative residence time of the adult fish in the central area (3m, n 18, 22m, n 11; 22m MPH, n 10; 22m-DT-061, n 9; one-way anova).

FIG. 18: a is a representative confocal image (scale bar, 5 μm) of Neun (green) and γ H2AX (red) co-staining in the brain of a 22 month old fish treated with or without MPH or DT-061 for 3 days. b is the quantification of γ H2AX positive nuclei (positive values indicate at least 5 γ H2AX foci) (WT-vehicle, n-4; WT-MPH, n-7; WT-DT-061, n-3; unpaired bilateral t-test).

FIG. 19: a is a representative image (scale bar, 15 μm) of SA- β -gal staining of 22 month old WT fish treated with or without MPH or DT-061 for 3 days. b is the quantification of the percentage of SA-. beta. -gal positive cells (WT-vehicle and WT-MPH, n.6; WT-DT-061, n.4; one-way ANOVA).

FIG. 20: PP2A phosphatase assay after treatment of elderly fish with MPH or DT-061 (n-3 independent biological samples each containing two brains; one-way anova). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, # P <0.05, # P < 0.01.

5. MPH can improve behavioral disturbance of aged mice, recover PP2A activity, and clear DDR and senescent nerve cells (FIG. 21, FIG. 22, FIG. 23, FIG. 24, FIG. 25, FIG. 26, FIG. 27, FIG. 28).

FIG. 21: behavioral experimental design of 3-month and 14-month old mice treated with MPH.

FIG. 22: the number of transitions between light and dark room in the light-to-dark transition test (n: 5, 3 m; n: 8, 14 m-MPH; one-way analysis of variance).

FIG. 23: the longest latency of the Morris water maze experiment.

FIG. 24: frequency across platforms in the mouse Morris water maze experiment.

FIG. 25: the time spent in the correct quadrant in the Morris water maze test (3m, n-4; 14m-MPH, n-5; one-way anova).

FIG. 26: a is a representative confocal image (scale bar, 25 μm) of Neun (green) and γ H2AX (red) co-staining in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain of 14-month-old mice after treatment with MPH or vehicle, compared to 3-month-old mice. b is the quantification of 3m, 14m and 14m-MPH frontal or temporal gamma H2AX positive nuclei (3m, n-6; 14m, n-3; 14m-MPH, n-3; unpaired bilateral t-test).

FIG. 27 is a schematic view showing: a is a representative image (scale bar, 25 μm) of SA- β -gal staining of frontal and temporal lobes of the brain of 14-month old WT mice treated with or without MPH compared to 3-month old mice. b is the quantification of the percentage of SA- β -gal staining positive cells (n-3/group; unpaired two-sided t-test).

FIG. 28: PP2A phosphatase assay in frontal and temporal lobes of mice brains (3m, n-5; 14m, n-8; 14m-MPH, n-8; unpaired bilateral t-test). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, # P <0.05, # P < 0.01.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and additions can be made without departing from the method of the present invention, and these modifications and additions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

SEQUENCE LISTING

<110> Renjin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai university of transportation medical school

<120> prevention and treatment of mental disorders caused by normal aging or reduced activity or expression of PP2A using PP2A agonists

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<170> PatentIn version 3.3

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