阅读说明：本技术 刹车装置及摩托车 (Brake device and motorcycle ) 是由 何进 冯云 彭湃 高旭 刘远平 胡泊 覃榆棉 焦臣喜 于 2021-09-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种刹车装置及摩托车,包括刹车手柄、刹车油杯和安装基座,刹车油杯安装在所述安装基座,安装基座设有用于安装摩托车仪表的仪表安装位；本发明中,刹车油杯通过安装基座进行安装,且安装基座还用于安装仪表,同时,可将在结构和功能上能够安装在前端靠近仪表附近的部件均集成在安装基座上,在保证前端机构总体上实现既定功能的前提下形成模块化装配,提高装配效率,形成标准性装配并保证装配质量,同时合理设计各部件连接结构,保证整体强度,降低整体零部件成本,装配完成后具有较好的整体性,提高外观美感。(The invention discloses a brake device and a motorcycle, comprising a brake handle, a brake oil cup and a mounting base, wherein the brake oil cup is mounted on the mounting base; according to the invention, the brake oil cup is installed through the installation base, the installation base is also used for installing the instrument, meanwhile, components which can be installed near the instrument at the front end in structure and function can be integrated on the installation base, modular assembly is formed on the premise of ensuring that the front end mechanism can realize the set function on the whole, the assembly efficiency is improved, standard assembly is formed, the assembly quality is ensured, meanwhile, the connection structure of each component is reasonably designed, the integral strength is ensured, the cost of the whole component is reduced, the integrity is better after the assembly is finished, and the appearance aesthetic feeling is improved.)

1. A brake device, characterized in that: the motorcycle brake oil cup comprises a brake handle, a brake oil cup and a mounting base, wherein the brake oil cup is mounted on the mounting base, and the mounting base is provided with an instrument mounting position for mounting a motorcycle instrument.

2. The brake apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the brake handle is installed the mounting base.

3. The brake apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the mounting base is also provided with a left handlebar mounting position for mounting a left handlebar and a right handlebar mounting position for mounting a right handlebar.

4. The brake apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the mounting base is also provided with a steering mounting position which is fixedly connected with a steering column of the motorcycle.

5. The brake apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the left handle mounting position and the right handle mounting position are integrally formed with the mounting base and respectively extend along the mounting directions of the left handle and the right handle; the brake oil cup is arranged on the front side of the right handlebar mounting position or/and the left handlebar mounting position.

6. The brake apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the brake handle is arranged on the front side of the right handlebar mounting position or/and the left handlebar mounting position and is positioned on the transverse outer side of the brake oil cup.

7. The brake apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the instrument installation position is located in a sinking groove formed by partial sinking of the installation base.

8. The brake apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the upper edges of the left and right side walls of the sinking groove respectively extend upwards and are obliquely transited to the left handle mounting position and the right handle mounting position towards the outer side; the upper edges of the left and right side walls of the sinking groove are in transition of gradually reducing the cross section of the mounting position towards the left direction and the right direction.

9. The brake apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: brake oil cup includes left brake oil cup and right brake oil cup, brake lever includes left brake lever and right brake lever that corresponds respectively with left brake oil cup and right brake oil cup, left side brake oil cup is located the left direction and leans on preceding position to the installation position, right side brake oil cup is located the right direction and leans on preceding position to the installation position, left side brake lever is located the left side of left brake oil cup, and right brake lever is located right side brake lever's right side.

10. A motorcycle characterized in that: the motorcycle is provided with the brake device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a motorcycle component and a motorcycle, in particular to a brake device and a motorcycle.

Background

Motorcycles have been widely used in people's daily lives as a means of riding instead of walk. Structurally, the motorcycle is a two-wheeled motorcycle and a three-wheeled motorcycle, and the motorcycle is driven by an engine and the electric motorcycle are common according to different driving power sources. Motorcycles belong to a type of motor vehicle, and like other vehicles, are required to have various driving and safety devices such as a brake device, an instrument, steering, and the like; the braking device is used for controlling the speed of the vehicle or stopping the vehicle, and is an important safety device. In the prior art, a brake device generally comprises a brake handle and a brake oil cup which are required to be arranged at a position where a handle is easy to operate, and therefore, the brake device is generally arranged at a set position on a steering handle through a clamping band and the like.

The motorcycle is different from a large-sized motor vehicle, the size is small, the assembly position is limited, and more parts are required to be assembled particularly at the head of the motorcycle, so that a steering mechanism (comprising a steering handle), a brake handle, an instrument support and an instrument are required to be assembled one by one in the assembly process, the assembly process is complicated, the transfer process is more, the assembly quality is not easy to control, and the assembly efficiency is influenced; moreover, the parts are loose, poor in standard performance and high in cost, and the integrity is poor after the parts are assembled, the appearance is not concise, and the aesthetic feeling is poor.

Therefore, the mounting structure of various parts including the brake device at the front end of the motorcycle needs to be improved, modular assembly is formed on the premise that the front end mechanism is generally used for realizing the set function, the assembly efficiency is improved, standard assembly is formed, the assembly quality is guaranteed, meanwhile, the connection structure of all the parts is reasonably designed, the overall strength is guaranteed, the cost of the whole parts is reduced, better integrity is achieved after the assembly is completed, and the appearance aesthetic feeling is improved.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a brake device and a motorcycle thereof, wherein the installation of the components of the brake device is reasonably designed, the modular assembly is formed on the premise of ensuring that the front end mechanism generally realizes the established function, the assembly efficiency is improved, the standard assembly is formed, the assembly quality is ensured, meanwhile, the connection structure of the components is reasonably designed, the overall strength is ensured, the cost of the overall components is reduced, the integrity is better after the assembly is completed, and the aesthetic feeling of the appearance is improved. .

The brake device comprises a brake handle, a brake oil cup and a mounting base, wherein the brake oil cup is mounted on the mounting base, and the mounting base is provided with an instrument mounting position for mounting a motorcycle instrument; in the invention, the mounting base is used as a basic component for mounting the brake oil cup and the instrument, and the components at the front part of the motorcycle can be integrated into a whole, so that the traditional connecting mechanism that the oil cup is mounted on a steering handle through a fixing piece is omitted, the mounting mechanism at the front end of the motorcycle is greatly simplified, and the front end structure is more standard; meanwhile, the mounting base is used for mounting the instrument, so that the independent mounting mechanism of the instrument is reduced, and the front part of the whole vehicle is more regular and compact.

Furthermore, the brake handle is arranged on the mounting base, and similarly, the brake handle is also arranged on the base, so that the front structure has higher integration, the technical problem that the mounting components are scattered due to the fact that a plurality of components are respectively mounted is solved, the whole mechanism has a modularized effect, and the manufacturing, using and maintaining costs are saved;

the installation positions of the brake handles for installing the brake handles correspond to the specific braking mode of the motorcycle, for example, the front brake and the rear brake are both hand brakes, and at the moment, a right brake handle and a left brake handle are needed, and the installation positions of the brake handles on the installation base are respectively the installation positions of the right brake handle and the left brake handle corresponding to the corresponding positions (positioned on the front side of the direction handle) on the left side and the right side; if only one front brake is in a manual or manual front-back linkage brake mode, only one brake handle mounting position is set, generally located on the left side, and is not described again; as shown in the figure, the technical scheme of the invention is that the front brake and the rear brake are both manual, that is, the functional installation position further comprises a right brake handle installation position and a left brake handle installation position, as shown in the figure, the right brake handle installation position and the left brake handle installation position are respectively installed on a left brake handle installation support lug and a right brake handle installation support lug formed on an installation base, the right brake handle installation and the left brake handle installation can be installed on the corresponding installation support lugs by the existing mechanical means, the number of the installation support lugs can be set as required, can be multiple, or can be a structure connected into a whole, and the description is omitted here.

Furthermore, the mounting base is further provided with a left handle mounting position for mounting a left handle and a right handle mounting position for mounting a right handle, the brake oil cup is mounted on the front side of the right handle mounting position or/and the left handle mounting position, the positions and the number of the brake oil cups are related to the braking mode, and details are not repeated herein; as shown in the figure, the left handlebar mounting position and the right handlebar mounting position are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the mounting base and are used for fixedly mounting the left handlebar and the right handlebar, namely the mounting base also has the function of bearing the steering driving of the handlebar, the structure that the instrument support in the prior art is mounted in the middle of the handlebar is changed, the length size of the handlebar can be reduced, the overlapping mounting of a plurality of parts is avoided, and the integral mounting structure is simplified; the installation and the number of the brake oil cups are related to the structure and the arrangement of the brake device.

Furthermore, the brake handle is arranged on the front side of the right handlebar mounting position or/and the left handlebar mounting position and is positioned on the transverse outer side of the brake oil cup; if only one front brake is in a manual or manual front-back linkage brake mode, only one brake handle is arranged, generally positioned on the left side, and is not arranged on the right side; as shown in the figures, the front brake and the rear brake are both manual, the right brake handle and the left brake handle are respectively and correspondingly positioned at the front sides of the right handlebar mounting position and the left handlebar mounting position, and the mounting position of the brake oil cup and the brake handle can be correspondingly arranged near the brake handle; this structure can adapt to traditional brake lever and the direction between the connection position, simultaneously, brake lever does not have lug connection on the direction is, and the load of reducible direction is guaranteed its use intensity.

Furthermore, the mounting base is also provided with a steering mounting position which is fixedly connected with a steering column of the motorcycle; the mounting base and the steering column can be connected in various mechanical structures, can be fixedly connected through an intermediate piece, can also be directly fixedly connected, and can achieve the purpose of the invention by arranging fixed connection modes such as bolt connection and the like; in the invention, the mounting base is used as a transmission structure between the steering handle (the left steering handle and the right steering handle) and the steering column, so that the traditional connecting mechanism between the steering handle and the steering column is omitted, the mounting mechanism at the front end of the motorcycle is greatly simplified, and the front end structure is more standard.

Further, the instrument mounting position is located in a sinking groove formed by partial sinking of the mounting base, as shown in the figure, the middle part of the mounting base sinks to form the sinking groove, the instrument mounting position is used for mounting an instrument, and due to the structure of the sinking groove, the instrument can be partially or completely located in the sinking groove (the instrument adopts a foldable structure) in the up-down direction, so that the whole instrument is simple and the instrument is effectively protected; meanwhile, in the process of opening the instrument for use, due to the existence of the sinking groove, the installation foundation of the instrument can be protected, and the instrument is prevented from being damaged by external force.

Further, the left handle mounting position and the right handle mounting position are integrally formed with the mounting base and respectively extend in the mounting direction of the left handle and the right handle; as shown in the figure, extension structure can effectively increase the left direction and install position and right direction installation position and left direction and right direction the joint strength between the handle to guarantee can guarantee that great turning bears and the accidental clash of the in-process of traveling.

Further, the upper edges of the left and right side walls of the sinking groove respectively extend upwards and are in outward inclined transition to the left handle mounting position and the right handle mounting position; as shown in the figure, the two side walls extend upwards to form the sinking groove between the two side walls and incline outwards, the structure tightly connects the left-direction handle mounting position and the right-direction handle mounting position, and the forming is convenient, so that the whole structure is complete and standard, and the messy phenomenon in the prior art is avoided; the mounting position is transited from the upper edges of the left and right side walls of the sinking groove to the left direction and the right direction in a way that the cross section of the mounting position is gradually reduced; the longitudinal central line of the sinking groove is taken as the center and the two directions of the sinking groove in the transverse direction are taken as the outer sides; the structure of diminishing transition gradually forms the structure that strengthens gradually to turning to the center according to the size of the moment that needs when turning to, can guarantee to turn to holistic neat simple to guarantee bulk strength, avoid the emergence accident, guarantee the security.

Further, the brake oil cup comprises a left brake oil cup and a right brake oil cup, the brake handle comprises a left brake handle and a right brake handle which respectively correspond to the left brake oil cup and the right brake oil cup, the left brake oil cup is positioned at the position, close to the front, of the left-direction handle mounting position, the right brake oil cup is positioned at the position, close to the front, of the right-direction handle mounting position, the left brake handle is positioned at the left side of the left brake oil cup, and the right brake handle is positioned at the right side of the right brake handle; as shown in the figure, the left brake oil cup is positioned at the position, close to the front, of the left handlebar mounting position, and the right brake oil cup is positioned at the position, close to the front, of the right handlebar mounting position; the left brake oil cup corresponds to the left brake handle and is fixed on the left direction handle mounting position, and the right brake oil cup corresponds to the right brake handle and is fixed on the right direction handle mounting position, so that the structure of the prior art that the clamp is arranged on the direction handle is changed, the direction handle integral structure is simplified, the use of parts is reduced, and the cost of the whole vehicle is saved.

The invention also discloses a motorcycle, which is provided with the brake device; as shown in the figure, after the mounting base is used for a motorcycle, a steering handle (a left steering handle and a right steering handle), a brake handle (a left brake handle and a right brake handle) and a brake oil cup are fixedly connected and arranged on the mounting base; in fact, when the mounting base is provided with a headlamp, a steering lamp and the like; meanwhile, the mounting base is in transmission connection with the steering column through the steering mounting base, so that the steering handle can drive the steering column to turn, and the description is omitted.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the brake device and the motorcycle thereof, the brake oil cup is installed through the installation base, the installation base is also used for installing the instrument, meanwhile, components which can be installed near the instrument at the front end in structure and function can be integrated on the installation base, modular assembly is formed on the premise that the front end mechanism can achieve the set function on the whole, the assembly efficiency is improved, standard assembly is formed, the assembly quality is guaranteed, meanwhile, the connection structure of all the components is reasonably designed, the overall strength is guaranteed, the cost of the overall components is reduced, the integrity is good after the assembly is completed, and the appearance aesthetic feeling is improved.

Drawings

The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples:

FIG. 1 is a view of the entire vehicle;

FIG. 2 is a full vehicle view with the cover removed;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a rear view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the gauge, steering assembly;

FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the instrument assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the installation of the meter assembly;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the flip drive mechanism of the meter;

FIG. 9 is a top view of a mounting structure of the mounting base;

FIG. 10 is a rear view of the mounting base;

FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the mounting base;

FIG. 12 is a left side view of the mounting base;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a mounting base (including mounting accessories);

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a charging device;

FIG. 15 is a vertical bottom view of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is an exploded view of a hardware installation of the circuit assembly;

FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram of a circuit assembly;

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the hub;

FIG. 19 is a plan view of the hub;

FIG. 20 is a rear fender assembly construction view;

fig. 21 is an exploded view of a tail light mounting structure;

FIG. 22 is a multi-link suspension mounting structure view;

FIG. 23 is a rear view of the multi-link suspension;

FIG. 24 is a multi-link suspension articulation configuration view;

fig. 25 is an exploded view of the drive motor and controller installation.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 5, 7, 9-13: the brake device comprises a brake handle, a brake oil cup and a mounting base 102, wherein the brake oil cup is mounted on the mounting base 102, and the mounting base is provided with an instrument mounting position for mounting a motorcycle instrument; in the invention, the mounting base 102 is used as a basic component for mounting the brake oil cup and the instrument, and can integrate the components at the front part of the motorcycle, thereby eliminating the traditional connecting mechanism that the oil cup is mounted on the steering handle through a fixing piece, greatly simplifying the mounting mechanism at the front end of the motorcycle and enabling the front end structure to be more standard;

of course, the mounting base is used for mounting the instrument, so that the independent mounting mechanism of the instrument is reduced, the front part of the whole motorcycle is more regular and compact, and meanwhile, the mounting base 102 is provided with an instrument mounting position 1021 for mounting the motorcycle instrument and at least one functional mounting position for mounting other components which are components which can be mounted near the motorcycle instrument; the parts which can be installed near the motorcycle instrument (front end of the vehicle) in the invention refer to the parts which can be positioned near the instrument in the process of assembling and using the motorcycle, and can comprise parts such as a steering handle, a headlight, a turn light, a brake handle and the like, and functional installation positions can be arranged on the installation base as long as the parts can be installed at the front end part, and the installation base can be correspondingly designed according to different requirements of the arrangement positions, and the details are not repeated;

the motorcycle of the present invention includes two-wheeled, three-wheeled and electric two-three-wheeled motorcycles driven by an engine, and will not be described in detail herein.

In this embodiment, the functional mounting positions include a left handlebar mounting position 1022 for mounting a left handlebar and a left handlebar mounting position 1023 for mounting a right handlebar; the brake oil cup is arranged on the front side of the right handle mounting position or/and the left handle mounting position, the position and the number of the brake oil cup are related to the braking mode, and the description is omitted; as shown in the figure, the left direction is the left and right sides of installation position 1022 and right direction is installation position 1023 and is listed as mounting base 102 respectively for fixed mounting left direction is with right direction handle, and mounting base 102 still has the effect that bears the weight of direction handle steering drive promptly, has changed the structure of prior art instrument support mounting at the direction handle middle part, can reduce the length dimension of direction handle, has avoided the coincide installation of a plurality of parts to simplify whole mounting structure.

In this embodiment, the functional mounting locations further include a steering mounting location 1024 for fixedly connecting the mounting base 102 with the motorcycle steering column 9; the connection mode between the mounting base 102 and the motorcycle steering column 9 can be various mechanical structures, can form fixed connection through an intermediate piece, can also be directly fixed connection, needs to be provided with fixed connection modes, such as bolt connection and the like, and can achieve the purpose of the invention; in the invention, the mounting base is used as a transmission structure between the steering handle (the left steering handle and the right steering handle) and the steering column, so that the traditional connecting mechanism between the steering handle and the steering column is omitted, the mounting mechanism at the front end of the motorcycle is greatly simplified, and the front end structure is more standard.

In this embodiment, the functional mounting positions further include a brake handle mounting position for mounting a brake handle, the brake handle mounting position corresponds to a specific brake mode of the motorcycle, for example, both the front brake and the rear brake may be hand brakes, and at this time, a right brake handle and a left brake handle are required, and the brake handle mounting positions on the mounting base are also a right brake handle mounting position and a left brake handle mounting position corresponding to corresponding positions (located on the front side of the handlebar) on the left and right sides, respectively; if only one front brake is in a manual or manual front-back linkage brake mode, only one brake handle mounting position is set, generally located on the left side, and is not described again; as shown in the figures, the technical solution of the present invention is exemplified by a manner that both the front brake and the rear brake are manual, that is, the functional mounting locations further include a right brake handle mounting location 1029 (directly mounted and connected, or through an intermediate component) for mounting a right brake handle 2201 and a left brake handle mounting location 1028 (directly mounted and connected, or through an intermediate component) for mounting a left brake handle 22; corresponding position (the front side that is located the direction handle) of the left and right sides of mounting base 102 is equipped with left brake lever installation position 1028 and right brake lever installation position 1029, as shown in the figure, right brake lever installation position 1029 and left brake lever installation position 1028 are the installation of left brake lever installation journal stirrup and right brake lever installation journal stirrup that forms on the mounting base respectively, install right brake lever installation and left brake lever on corresponding installation journal stirrup through current mechanical means can, the quantity of installation journal stirrup can set up as required, can be a plurality of, also can be the structure of fuse, no longer describe here.

In this embodiment, the brake handles are installed on the front side of the right-hand handlebar installation position or/and the left-hand handlebar installation position, and if only one front brake is in a manual or manual front-back linkage brake mode, only one brake handle is arranged, generally located on the left side, and is not excluded from being installed on the right side; as shown in the figures, the front brake and the rear brake are both manual, the right brake handle and the left brake handle are respectively and correspondingly positioned at the front sides of the right handlebar mounting position and the left handlebar mounting position, and the mounting position of the brake oil cup and the brake handle can be correspondingly arranged near the brake handle; this structure can adapt to traditional brake lever and the direction between the connection position, simultaneously, brake lever does not have lug connection on the direction is, and the load of reducible direction is guaranteed its use intensity.

In this embodiment, the meter mounting location 1021 is located in a sinking groove 102a formed by partial sinking of the mounting base, as shown in the figure, the middle part of the mounting base sinks to form the sinking groove 102a, the meter mounting location 1021 is used for mounting the meter 101, and due to the structure of the sinking groove 102a, the meter 101 can be partially or completely located in the sinking groove (the meter adopts a foldable structure) in the up-down direction, so that the whole is simple and the meter is effectively protected; meanwhile, in the process of opening the instrument for use, due to the existence of the sinking groove, the installation foundation of the instrument can be protected, and the instrument is prevented from being damaged by external force.

In this embodiment, the bottom of the sinking groove 102a is provided with a supporting portion protruding upwards for supporting the instrument, the supporting portion is a protruding portion 10211 for installing the instrument, as shown in the figure, the instrument installation position is located at the bottom of the sinking groove, the protruding portion can be integrated with the installation position, or can be formed by rear fixed connection, four portions are generally arranged in a rectangular distribution, a corresponding shock pad can be arranged on the surface contacting with the instrument 101, the instrument is fixed on the supporting portion by the existing mechanical means such as screws, so as to form stable installation, and meanwhile, because of the four-point support, the shock-proof effect is better, so as to be beneficial to ensuring the service life of the instrument; do benefit to and still be equipped with the via hole 1025 that is used for passing through the instrument line to the stable support of instrument formation and tank bottom, as shown in the figure, the quantity of bottom via hole can set up a plurality ofly as required, and this embodiment is two, and the via hole setting has guaranteed the rational arrangement of circuit to do not interfere with parts such as turning to.

In this embodiment, the left handlebar mounting portion 1022 and the right handlebar mounting portion 1023 are integrally formed with the mounting base 102 and respectively extend in the mounting direction of the left handlebar and the right handlebar; as shown in the figure, extension structure can effectively increase the left direction and install position and right direction installation position and left direction and right direction the joint strength between the handle to guarantee can guarantee that great turning bears and the accidental clash of the in-process of traveling.

The brake handle mounting position is positioned at the front side of the right-direction handle mounting position or/and the left-direction handle mounting position and is positioned at the transverse outer side of the brake oil cup, and the transverse outer side refers to the left side and the right side of the handles in two directions, so that the description is omitted; if only one front brake is in a manual or manual front-back linkage brake mode, only one brake handle mounting position is arranged, generally positioned on the left side, and is not arranged on the right side; as shown in the drawings, the front brake and the rear brake are both manual, the right brake handle 2201 and the left brake handle 22 are respectively and correspondingly located at the front sides of the right handlebar mounting position 1023 and the left handlebar mounting position 1022, and the mounting position of the brake oil cup can be arranged near the brake handle corresponding to the brake handle; the structure can adapt to the connecting position between the traditional brake handle and the direction handle, as shown in the figure, for the example that both the front brake and the rear brake are manual, the right brake handle mounting position 1029 is used for mounting the right brake handle and the left brake handle mounting position 1028 is used for mounting the left brake handle; in the structure, the brake handle is not directly connected to the steering handle, so that the load of the steering handle can be reduced, and the use strength of the steering handle is ensured.

In this embodiment, the left handlebar mounting portion 1022 is provided with a left handlebar mounting hole 10221 in a left handlebar mounting direction, and the right handlebar mounting portion 1023 is provided with a right handlebar mounting hole 10231 in a right handlebar mounting direction; the left handlebar mounting hole 10221 is used for passing through and fixing the left handlebar tube 23 of the left handlebar, and the right handlebar mounting hole 10231 is used for passing through and fixing the right handlebar tube 2301 of the right handlebar;

the left handle mounting direction and the right handle mounting direction refer to the extending direction of the left handle and the right handle at the position, namely the running direction of an axis;

as shown in the figure, the left handle includes a left handle tube 23, a handle sleeve 14 and a switch combination 13, etc. arranged on the left handle tube, and the right handle includes a right handle tube 2301, an accelerator (current) control handle 12 and a switch combination 11 arranged on the right handle tube, of course, an accelerator (current) switch, a pull switch, etc. are also arranged, which are not described herein again; wherein, the left hand tube 23 is inserted into the left hand mounting hole 10221, the right hand tube 2301 is inserted into the right hand mounting hole 10231, the inserted end is fixed by the existing mechanical method such as screw or nut, the whole structure is simple, the assembly operation is easy;

in the invention, the mounting base is used as a transmission structure between the steering handle (the left steering handle and the right steering handle) and the steering column, so that the traditional connecting mechanism between the steering handle and the steering column is omitted, the mounting mechanism at the front end of the motorcycle is greatly simplified, and the front end structure is more standard.

In this embodiment, a steering connecting seat 8 is fixedly connected to the steering mounting position 1024, and the steering mounting position 1024 is fixedly connected to a steering column 9 through the steering connecting seat 8; the steering column 9 is connected through the steering connecting seat 8, so that the mounting base has strong adaptability, can be in standardized connection with the steering column 9 and a steering handle, and saves the assembly cost and the part cost; as shown in the figure, the steering mounting position 1024 is located on the lower surface of the mounting base 102, and is formed by two protruding mounting supports formed by the lower surface of the mounting base 102 facing downward, and the upper portion of the steering connecting base 8 is fixedly connected with the two protruding mounting supports through bolts (or screws); the part that turns to connecting seat 8 downwardly extending is the tubulose, and steering column 9 upwards penetrates to turn to connecting seat 8 and forms the transmission through the connecting pin of horizontal male and connect, belongs to general mechanical transmission connection structure, and overall structure is simple complete, and assembly easy operation practices thrift manufacturing and cost of maintenance greatly.

In this embodiment, the upper edges of the left and right side walls of the sinking groove 102a extend upward and transition to the left handlebar mounting position 1022 and the right handlebar mounting position 1023 in an outward inclined manner; as shown in the figure, the upper edges of the two side walls are inclined upwards and outwards at the same time, the structure tightly connects the left-direction handle mounting position and the right-direction handle mounting position with the sinking groove 102a, and adapts to the driving requirement in height, the structure is convenient to form, so that the whole structure is complete and standard, and the messy phenomenon in the prior art is avoided; the upper edges of the left and right side walls of the sinking groove 102a are used for gradually reducing the cross section of the mounting position towards the left direction and the right direction; the longitudinal central line of the sinking groove is taken as the center and the two directions of the sinking groove in the transverse direction are taken as the outer sides; the structure of diminishing transition gradually forms the structure that strengthens gradually to turning to the center according to the size of the moment that needs when turning to, can guarantee to turn to holistic neat simple to guarantee bulk strength, avoid the emergence accident, guarantee the security.

In this embodiment, the functional mounting positions further include a left brake oil cup mounting position 1026 and a right brake oil cup mounting position 1027, the left brake oil cup mounting position 1026 is used for mounting the left brake oil cup 21 and is located at a position, close to the front of the left handlebar mounting position 1022, and the right brake oil cup mounting position 1027 is used for mounting the right brake oil cup 2101 and is located at a position, close to the front of the right handlebar mounting position 1023; the left brake oil cup 6 corresponds to the left brake handle 22 and is fixed to the left handlebar mounting position 1022, as shown in the figure, the left brake oil cup mounting position 1026 has two mounting lugs (fixed to the left handlebar mounting position 1022 of the mounting base) and fixes the left brake oil cup 21 on two side surfaces (at ninety degrees); right brake oil cup 2101 is corresponding with right brake handle, is fixed in right direction and installs the position, and simultaneously, right brake oil cup installation position 1027 has two installation lugs (the right direction that is fixed in the mounting base is installed the position 1023), fixes right brake oil cup 7 at both sides face (being ninety degrees), has changed prior art and has installed the structure on the direction through the clamp to simplify the direction overall structure, reduce the use of part, practice thrift and the whole car cost.

The invention also discloses a motorcycle, which comprises a front structure 1, a vehicle body (frame) 2, a seat cushion 3, wheels and the like; the embodiment is an electric vehicle, and further comprises a battery pack 5 arranged on the frame; the front structure is provided with the mounting base 102; as shown in the figure, after the mounting base is used for a motorcycle, a steering handle (a left steering handle and a right steering handle), a brake handle (a left brake handle and a right brake handle) and a brake oil cup are fixedly connected and arranged on the mounting base 102; the left brake handle 22 and the right brake handle 2201 are respectively and correspondingly provided with a left brake oil cup 21 and a right brake oil cup 2101;

in fact, the mounting base can also be provided with a headlamp, a steering lamp and the like; meanwhile, the mounting base 102 is in transmission connection with the steering column 9 through the steering mounting base 8, so that the steering handle can drive the steering column to turn, a plurality of functions are integrated, the whole front structure is simplified, and details are not repeated.

The motorcycle of the present invention includes two-wheeled, three-wheeled and electric two-three-wheeled motorcycles driven by an engine, and will not be described in detail herein.

As shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, the motorcycle is provided with a flip-type double-screen instrument assembly 101, which comprises a first display screen component 1011 and a second display screen component 1012, wherein the first display screen component 1011 can be driven to flip relative to the second display screen component 1012 to form a flip structure, and the flip can enable a set relative position to be formed between a first display screen 10111 of the first display screen component 1011 and a second display screen 10121 of the second display screen component 1012; the display screen assembly generally comprises a display screen, a frame or a shell for installing the display screen, a control assembly and necessary circuits, which are not described herein any more, and the invention only designs the structure of the double-screen display screen; in the invention, the first display screen assembly can be driven to turn over relative to the second display screen assembly, the turning over can be driven by a motor or can be manually carried out (damping is required), the first display screen assembly can be turned over to be in a use state when driving and riding, and can be turned over to be in a designed state when not in use, such as overlapping, the first display screen assembly and the second display screen assembly form a set angle or incline to the side surface, and the like, and the direction relation of the two display screen assemblies is designed, so that the turning over is not repeated; through the upset design for big screen instrument obtains better protection when not using, avoids artificial damage, and simultaneously, makes whole car structure aesthetic feeling better.

In this embodiment, the turning can make the first display 10111 of the first display element 1011 and the second display 10121 of the second display element 1012 form a state of relative folding at 0 ° and a state of relative opening at a certain angle; the first display screen and the second display screen are oppositely arranged and turned over at a certain angle, and the first display screen and the second display screen are opened and combined through turning over, so that the use and the storage are convenient; relatively placing behind the upset coincide, doing benefit to and guaranteeing display screen itself, simultaneously, the structure behind the coincide makes first display screen can form hidden state, does benefit to the protection display screen and has regular exterior structure, and it is also comparatively convenient to use the operation when just opening.

In this embodiment, the second display screen assembly 1012 is fixedly disposed, and the first display screen assembly 1011 drives the first display screen 10111 to form a state of being relatively overlapped at 0 degree and relatively opened at a certain angle with respect to the second display screen 10121 of the second display screen assembly 1012; in the in-use position, the second screen assembly is secured to the motorcycle mounting base 102, the second screen 10121 of the second screen assembly 1012 is positioned so that the rider can view the display, and the mounting base 102 is provided with a downwardly facing recessed channel 102a, the recessed channel 102a being sized laterally to accommodate the first screen assembly 1011 and the second screen assembly 1012 and being at least partially deep enough to accommodate the overall thickness of the first screen assembly 1011 superimposed over the second screen assembly 1012.

In this embodiment, the size of the first display 10111 of the first display 1011 is larger than the size of the second display 10121 of the second display 1012; when the two display screens are overlapped, the first display screen 10111 of the first display screen assembly 1011 can be completely covered, and the second display screen 10121 of the second display screen assembly 1012 is positioned at the lower part, so that the two display screens can be effectively protected, a good waterproof effect is achieved, and the whole hiding effect is good; meanwhile, the first display screen of the first display screen assembly is large, more and larger contents can be displayed conveniently, and safe use of a driver is guaranteed.

In this embodiment, the first display screen assembly 1011 includes a first display screen 10111 and a first display screen housing for fixedly mounting the first display screen 10111; the second display screen assembly 1012 comprises a second display screen 10121 and a second display screen housing for fixedly mounting the second display screen 10121;

as shown in the figure, the first display screen housing includes a first frame 10112 and a first rear cover 10113, which are fixedly connected to form an integral first display screen housing, the first display screen 10111 is fixed to the first display screen housing, and an existing mechanical fixing manner can be adopted, and in fact, the first display screen assembly is a display screen assembly capable of displaying set information, which belongs to the prior art and is not described herein again; similarly, the second display screen shell comprises a second frame 10122 and a second rear cover 10123, which are fixedly connected into an integral second display screen shell, the second display screen is fixed on the second display screen shell, and the existing mechanical fixing mode can be adopted, and actually, the second display screen component is a display screen component capable of displaying set information, and belongs to the prior art; adopt frame cooperation back lid structure for the display screen has the installation basis, has protection architecture simultaneously.

The first display screen shell is hinged to the second display screen shell to form the turnover structure, as shown in the figure, the lower edge of the first display screen shell is hinged to the front edge of the second display screen shell to form a structure capable of driving the opening and closing, the hinge structure is integrally simple, and the turnover structure is the best structure.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the meter assembly further includes a turnover driving mechanism 1013, where the turnover driving mechanism 1013 includes a driving motor 10134 and a driving shaft 10131 driven by the driving motor 10134, and the first display screen shell is disposed on the driving shaft 10131 in a transmission fit manner, and is hinged to the second display screen shell through the driving shaft 10131; the first display screen shell is limited relative to the second display screen shell in a turnover mode; in the invention, the driving motor 10134 outputs rotation power for driving the driving shaft 10131 to rotate, and the driving shaft 10131 drives the first display screen shell to turn over, so that the first display screen shell can turn over from the included angle of 0 degree to the set included angle; of course, this structure requires a transmission fit (generally, a mechanical transmission fit manner such as a spline) between the first display screen housing (the lower edge of the first frame 10112 in the use state) and the driving shaft, that is, a transmission fit in the circumferential direction; the driving shaft 10131 is in running fit with the second display screen shell (the front edge of the second frame 10122 in a use state) (the running fit is realized through a bearing 10135 arranged at each of two ends) so as to realize openable turnover; of course, the fact that the first display screen shell has a limit relative to the second display screen shell when the first display screen shell is turned over to a set angle means that the first display screen shell is limited from continuing turning over, and only mechanical limit blocking (limit protrusions and the like) is adopted, which is not described herein again.

In this embodiment, the driving motor 10134 drives the driving shaft through a worm-gear pair, and the worm-gear pair transmission can ensure that the turning speed and the turning degree are in a controllable range, so as to avoid damaging the display screen assembly due to too fast turning; as shown, the driving motor 10134 drives the worm 10133, the worm 10133 drives the worm wheel 10132, and the worm wheel 10132 drives the driving shaft 10131, so that the first display screen assembly is turned over in a set angle range relative to the second display screen assembly.

In the embodiment, the display device further comprises a control unit, wherein the control unit is arranged on the second display screen shell and is respectively in signal connection with the first display screen and the second display screen for sending display instructions to the first display screen and the second display screen; the control unit generally includes a CPU and peripheral hardware, which are not described herein again; in this embodiment, the first display screen component and the second display screen component may share the control unit, and send the display instruction according to different needs, which is not described herein again;

of course, the following structures shown in the figures may be employed: the control unit for controlling the display of the first display screen assembly 1011 and the display of the second display screen assembly 1012 can be independent control units, namely, the control units can be divided into a first control unit 10114 and a second control unit 10124, and the first control unit and the second control unit are both installed on the second display screen shell and are respectively in signal connection with the first display screen and the second display screen correspondingly for sending display instructions to the first display screen and the second display screen; when the motorcycle is used, the first control unit and the second control unit receive signals from the ECU, display relevant reference parameters for motorcycle running, and are used for media playing or playing information required by other riders, and the details are not repeated;

of course, no matter one control unit or an independent control unit, the first display screen 10111 and the second display screen 10121 can display set data parameters finally, so that the purposes of safe driving and entertainment are achieved.

In this embodiment, the driving motor 10134 is fixed to the second display housing (the second frame 10122 fixed to the second display housing), and is structurally and azimuthally adaptable to the installation positions of the driving motor and the worm-and-gear pair;

the control unit sends a driving instruction to the driving motor; the control unit can send out instructions of power off, positive and negative rotation and the like to realize positive rotation, negative rotation and the like, so that the aims of folding and opening are fulfilled, and the control is simple and convenient

Of course, the above commands can be sent to the driving motor by one of the first control unit 10114 or the second control unit 10124, and the same as the driving command of one control unit, the final turning and turning degree is reached;

meanwhile, besides the two driving modes, the driving motor can be driven by a control system (ECU) of the motorcycle to send a driving instruction to the driving motor; although the hardware for receiving and issuing the command is different, the three methods all generate the same result, and are not described herein again.

In this embodiment, the motorcycle is started by powering on: after receiving an unlocking instruction and a power-on instruction in an unlocked state, a driving motor (the external dimension: 16mm in external diameter, 30mm in length and 4.0kg.cm in rated torque) of the driving mechanism rotates forwards to execute an opening action, a first display screen assembly in 3S is completely opened, the locked-rotor current of the driving motor continuously reaches 3S after reaching a limiting position, the maximum opening angle (generally 126 +/-1 degrees) is detected, and after the locked-rotor current reaches 3S, the motor stops acting and is started.

Closing: the motorcycle is parked, the motor is driven to rotate reversely to execute closing action after a power-off command is received, the 3S inner central control screen is closed, the motor locked-rotor current at the arriving superposed position continuously reaches 3S, the angle (0-1 degree) is detected after the motor is closed, and the motor stops acting after the locked-rotor current reaches 3S, so that the closing is completed.

In the opening or closing process, if the locked-rotor current occurs, the duration time is more than or equal to 3S, and the angle does not reach the specified angle, the abnormal condition is considered; when the abnormality is detected, the driving motor stops the current action output. After pausing for 3S, the driving motor resumes to continue outputting, executing the current closing action, if the locked-rotor current is still detected and the duration time is more than or equal to 3S, stopping the current action output by the driving motor, and continuously carrying out three times of detection; in three continuous detections, locked-rotor current occurs, the duration time is more than or equal to 3S, and the angle is less than the specified angle, the driving motor reversely acts, the driving motor is restored to the initial state, and fault information is sent out; at the moment, the whole vehicle needs to be powered on and powered off again.

As shown, a double-screen instrument assembly 101 is mounted on a mounting base 102 fixed on a motorcycle; as shown in fig. 5, the mounting base 102 is used as an intermediate connecting component of the steering assembly, that is, the steering assembly comprises a steering handle, a steering column and the mounting base 102 connected between the steering handle and the steering column, the mounting base 102 is at least provided with an instrument mounting position for mounting an instrument, and at least one functional mounting position for mounting other components which can be mounted near the instrument of the motorcycle; the parts which can be installed near the motorcycle instrument (front end of the vehicle) in the invention refer to the parts which can be positioned near the instrument in the process of assembling and using the motorcycle, and can comprise parts such as a steering handle, a headlight, a turn light, a brake handle, a brake oil cup and the like, and functional installation positions can be arranged on the installation base as long as the parts can be installed at the front end part, and the installation base can be correspondingly structurally designed according to different requirements of the installation positions, and are not described again;

as a harness for a meter and an electrical control, a restraint is required, the restraint passing through the mounting base 102 and the harness clip 1501, the mounting base 102 is used for mounting the meter and is provided with a harness passing hole 1025, and the harness clip 1501 is used for restraining the passing harness 15; as shown in fig. 9, 10 and 12, in use, the wiring harness 15 for controlling the motorcycle is bound by the wiring harness card 1501 through the wiring harness through hole 1025 to reach a specified position, and the wiring harness is regular as a whole, easy to find and beautiful in appearance.

In this embodiment, the wire harness passing hole 1025 is located at the bottom of the mounting base 102 and hidden under the meter, and since the mounting base 102 is used for mounting the meter at the same time, the wire harness 15 is led out from the bottom, so that the wire harness is hidden as a whole, and the aesthetic feeling of the appearance is ensured.

In this embodiment, the harness clip 1501 is installed on the lower portion of the installation base 102, and the harness clip further normalizes and constrains the led-out harness on the lower portion to form a regular harness flow.

In this embodiment, the harness clip 1501 is mounted on the steering member fixedly connected to the mounting base 102, and has a simple structure, and the structural characteristics of the steering member on the mounting base are fully utilized.

In this embodiment, the steering component is a steering connecting seat 8 connected between the mounting base 102 and the motorcycle steering column 9, and certainly, the wire harness clip may be disposed at other positions of the steering component, which is not described herein again.

As shown in fig. 16 and 17, in the present embodiment, the vehicle further employs a control circuit assembly 13 for controlling various devices of the vehicle, including a circuit board 1302 and a control circuit, wherein the control circuit has a plurality of resistors and a plurality of function switches, the plurality of resistors are connected in series to form a series circuit, and a corresponding function switch is connected between an end of each resistor and an end of the circuit; the circuit board is provided with a circuit, and the circuit is connected with a plurality of resistors in series to form equal loops; the end of the loop refers to the end of the last resistor, and as shown in the figure, the beginning of the loop and the front end of the first resistor correspond to the end of the last resistor, and certainly, other electrical components such as a power supply access end and the like exist on the loop, and the circuit structure belongs to the circuit structure of the prior art and is not described herein again;

the beginning end and the end of the loop refer to the connection mode and structure of the resistor and the switch, namely the structure as shown in the figure; the function switch is a switch required for completing an expected driving information prompt, such as a headlight, a tail light, a double flash, a driving, a loudspeaker and the like, and expanding functions of entertainment and the like, has different names according to different functions, such as a headlight switch, a call receiving and calling switch and the like, and is not described again; in the structure, a plurality of resistors are connected in series with a circuit loop, the tail end of each resistor is respectively connected with a corresponding function switch in series between the loops, all the function switches are normally open switches, when a certain function switch needs to be closed, the circuit forms a closed loop, and a controller (such as an ECU) judges the resistance value of the connected resistor, so that the type of the function switch can be determined, and the corresponding function is realized; the whole circuit structure is a group of series circuits, so that all switch control functions can be realized, the structure is simple, and the cost is low.

In this embodiment, the number of resistors is, for example, six, and R is the number of resistors₁、R₂、R₃、R₄、R₅、R₆The function switch is also corresponding to S₁、S₂、S₃、S₄、S₅、S₆Forming a circuit structure as shown in the figure; such as S₅Is closed, then R₅、R₆And S₅Forming a closed loop, determining the resistance value (R)₅+R₆) After according to S₅The function of (2) issues related instructions, which are not described herein again.

In this embodiment, the resistances of the plurality of resistors are the same, and the same resistance can simplify the judgment logic calculation, and has a unified standard, thereby reducing the maintenance cost.

In this embodiment, the circuit board 1302 is a printed circuit board, and has a simple structure and a low failure rate.

In this embodiment, the circuit board 1302 is fixed on a circuit board support 1301, and the circuit board support 1301 is fixed at a position corresponding to the motorcycle handle pipe 23; because the switch assembly is generally installed at a position where fingers can operate inside the handle tube, the circuit board support 1301 and the circuit board 1302 are generally installed at positions corresponding to the switch assembly position, so as to reduce the arrangement of the wiring harness and simplify the overall structure; as shown in the figure, the handle tube is fixedly installed on the installation base 102, and the circuit board support 1301 is fixed on the handle tube to form an integral fixed structure, so that the integral structure is simple and compact; of course, the circuit board support 1301 may be fixed to the mounting base 102, and the fixing is not described herein.

In this embodiment, the electronic device further comprises a housing for accommodating the circuit board 1302 and the circuit board support 1301, the housing is formed by buckling a front half shell 1304 and a rear half shell 1305, the rear half shell 1305 is provided with a control position 13051 corresponding to the function switch, and the front half shell 1304 is provided with a harness passing position 13041; as shown in the figure, preceding half shell 1304 and back half shell 1305 lock and form holistic casing and fix circuit board support 1301, certainly, also can be preceding half shell or back half shell and fix at the mounting base, and the circuit board support is fixed on preceding half shell or back half shell, forms fixedly, and the structure that belongs to this embodiment can think about, adopt current mechanical fastening mode can, no longer describe here.

In this embodiment, the circuit board 1302 is further electrically connected with a plurality of light emitting diodes 1306 for emitting indication information, the number of the light emitting diodes 1306 is several, and the setting position corresponds to a function switch requiring information indication, which is not described herein again.

In this embodiment, the front half shell 1305 has a key sliding rail at its operating position, and a key sliding block 1308 is disposed in cooperation with the reciprocating single degree of freedom of the key sliding rail, where the key sliding block 1308 is of a transparent structure, one end of the key sliding block 1308 is exposed out of the key sliding rail for pressing operation, and the other end of the key sliding block 1308 corresponds to the key switch to form an operating structure.

In this embodiment, the front half shell 1305 is sleeved with a transparent silica gel sleeve 1307, and the manner of sleeving the front half shell with the transparent silica gel sleeve is the prior art and is not described herein again; the silica gel cover can form the restraint to the button slider and avoid deviating from, simultaneously, still has better feeling.

The structure shown in fig. 16 and 17 is only the switch combination on the left handle as an example, and in practical use, the switch combination, the circuit board and the circuit with similar structures can be arranged on the right handle tube to expand the required functions, which is not described herein again.

As shown in fig. 14 and 15, in this embodiment, the motorcycle is further provided with a charging device, which includes a charging box and a charger 303 fixedly installed in the charging box, wherein the charging box is fixedly installed at a set position of the motorcycle; the shape of the charging box can be designed according to the needs, and the space for placing the mobile phone can be designed, so that the charging box is convenient and practical; the charging box integrated charger has integrity and can be arranged at a set position of the motorcycle, such as the periphery of a seat cushion and the like according to requirements.

In the embodiment, the charging box is fixedly arranged on the motorcycle seat cushion 3 and forms smooth transition with the surface of the seat cushion 3 at the installation position; of course, the seat cushion has a wide range, the installation position of the charging box can be installed on the side surface of the seat cushion under the condition that the use of the seat cushion is not influenced, and the charging box is smoothly transited with the surface of the seat cushion after being installed and even becomes a part of the seat cushion, so that the integrity of the seat cushion is ensured, the installation of other parts of the motorcycle is not influenced, and the safe driving is not interfered.

In this embodiment, the box that charges is fixed to be set up in 3 front ends of motorcycle seatpad, and the box that charges is installed to the seatpad front end to do not influence safe driving, simultaneously, it is nearer apart from the human body, can open under the condition of not getting off and charge to it is nearer apart from the power, convenient wiring, it is comparatively convenient to operate.

In this embodiment, the charging box includes a box body 301 and a box cover 304, and the box cover can be opened and closed and is installed at an opening of the box body 301; an end plate 302 is fixed at the front end of the seat cushion 3, and the box body 301 is fixed on the end plate 302; the end plate structure can strengthen the fixed charging box while effectively supporting the seat cushion, the fixing mode can adopt the existing mechanical fixing technology, the whole structure is simple and compact, and the operation is convenient.

In this embodiment, the charger 303 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the box 301, a set distance is provided between the bottom of the box 301 and the end plate 302, and the outer surface of the bottom of the box is provided with a heat sink or/and a heat sink grid 308; as shown in the figure, the bottom of the charger 303 is generally used for heat dissipation, and the interval is set so that the heat dissipation of the charger is smooth and the service life is prolonged; simultaneously, still have the absorbing effect.

In this embodiment, the end plate 302 is provided with a sinking groove 3021, and the distance is formed between the bottom of the box body 301 and the bottom of the sinking groove 3021; the design of heavy groove can make the installation of charging box more firm and rationally utilize the space that is some front ends for the setting of charging box is not too much the length of influence seatpad, utilizes the bottom plate portion of sinking to form above-mentioned interval simultaneously, makes the charger support on the portion of sinking and the heat dissipation space of natural formation, makes overall structure compact nature.

In this embodiment, the charging box is installed behind the front end of the seat cushion 3, the box cover 304 is smoothly joined to the upper surface of the seat cushion 3, and the whole box cover 304 smoothly transitions to the front lower side to form a part of the seat cushion, so that the whole smoothness of the seat cushion is ensured, and the driving safety is further effectively ensured.

In this embodiment, the box cover 304 is hinged to the box body 301 to form an openable structure with a closing pretightening force, and the hinged structure is provided with a damper; the closing pretightening force refers to the elastic force for closing the box cover, and is generally applied by a spring; as shown in the figure, the box cover 304 is hinged to the box body 301 through a hinge shaft 305, the hinge shaft 305 is provided with a spring 306 (a torsion spring is generally provided, and in order to ensure uniform elasticity, two ends of the hinge shaft are respectively provided with one torsion spring, which is not described herein again), and the box cover 304 can automatically rebound to cover the box body 301 after being opened; the damper 307 can damp rebound, so that the box cover and the box body cannot be damaged in the rebound closing process; the damper 307 is a device for preventing the closing devices such as the box cover and the door from rebounding rapidly in the prior art, and belongs to the prior art, and the structure and the principle are not described herein again.

In this embodiment, the charger 303 is a wireless charger, which can conveniently charge the mobile phone, thereby avoiding adverse effects of wires on safe driving during charging; and, wireless charging structure makes the installation of charging box have better adaptability.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 22, 23 and 24, the vehicle adopts a multi-link suspension mechanism 7 for improving the usability of the vehicle, the multi-link suspension mechanism 7 includes a rocker 705, a link assembly and a shock absorber 703, the link assembly includes a first link 701 and a second link 702, the second link 702 is hinged to the frame 2 in a manner that two ends can swing around a hinge axis, a first end of the first link 701 is hinged to the rocker 705 of the electric motorcycle backwards, a second end of the first link 701 is hinged to the first end of the second link 702 forwards, the forwards and backwards correspond to the arrangement direction of the front wheel and the rear wheel of the electric motorcycle forwards, the front wheel and the rear wheel are backwards, two ends of the shock absorber 703 are respectively hinged to a set position of the first link 701 and the second end of the second link 702, the set position is obtained according to the design data, the arrangement is selected according to the actual situation, and the description is omitted;

the rocker arm is the existing structure of a motorcycle (or an electric motorcycle), is connected between a frame and a rear wheel of the motorcycle to form a support structure capable of swinging, and when the rear wheel encounters road surface excitation impact, the rear wheel and the rocker arm swing up and down around a mounting point of the frame and the rocker arm, namely the rocker arm is hinged with the mounting point of the frame; the first end of the first connecting rod is hinged backwards to a rocker arm of the electric motorcycle, the second end of the first connecting rod is hinged forwards to the first end of the second connecting rod, and when the rear wheel takes the length of the rocker arm as a radius and swings up/down around a mounting point of a frame and the rocker arm, the first connecting rod 701 moves up/down simultaneously to push the second connecting rod 702; the second link 702 is hinged to the frame 2 in such a manner that both ends can swing about the hinge axis, and both ends of the second link 702 thereby swing up/down about the connection point of the second link 702 with the frame 2; the two ends of the shock absorber 703 are respectively hinged to the set position of the first link 701 and the second end of the second link 702, and at this time, the force transmitted by the first link 701 pushes the first end of the second link 702, so that the second end of the second link 702 pushes the shock absorber 703 to be compressed on the first link 701; compared with a common suspension system, the shock absorber 703 of the suspension mechanism is not installed on the frame 2 and the rocker 705, but is installed on the connecting rod assembly and swings together with the connecting rod assembly, the shock absorber 703 performs compression and recovery work in the motion process of the connecting rod assembly, the impact of the rear wheel is not directly absorbed by the frame 2, the shock absorption effect is greatly improved, and the riding comfort and the control stability are improved.

In this embodiment, the included angle between the shock absorber 703 and the horizontal plane is not greater than 20 °, preferably 18 °, as shown in the figure, the front end of the shock absorber tilts upward to form an included angle within 20 °, the arrangement angle of the shock absorber 703 is adjusted to be low, the direction of large-angle tilt of the conventional shock absorber is changed, the stress is resolved to the horizontal direction, and most of the acting force is absorbed by the multi-link suspension mechanism, so that the service life of the shock absorber 703 can be prolonged, the riding comfort and the control stability are further improved, the influence on drivers and passengers is reduced, compared with a common direct-push structure and a cradle system/triangle system, the rigidity characteristic is softer, and in the installation of other components of the electric motorcycle, a larger arrangement space is provided, and the space utilization rate is improved; the rigidity characteristic of the multi-link suspension mechanism is between 1.1 and 1.6, and compared with a common direct-pushing structure, a suspension system formed by the multi-link suspension mechanism can provide a more gradual rigidity characteristic (reaching 1.25 and the direct pushing is about 1.1) for the suspension system under a reasonable layout condition; compared with a common cradle system/triangle system, the mechanism provides a softer rigidity characteristic (the common structure is 1.6), each hard point is less stressed, and the rigidity characteristic is the ratio of the rigidity of the multi-link suspension mechanism when the shock absorber 703 is compressed to the rigidity of the multi-link suspension mechanism under the balanced state of the shock absorber 703.

In this embodiment, the first end of the second link 702 is located above the second end, so that the first end of the second link 702 is located above the shock absorber 703. The mutual interference between the shock absorber 703 and the first link 701 can be reduced, so that the smoothness of the multi-link suspension mechanism is improved, the effective transmission efficiency is high, and the shock absorbing effect is good.

In this embodiment, the second connecting rod 702 is a "V" shaped structure with an approximate obtuse angle, the extending meaning of the "V" shaped structure is that structural adjustment is allowed on the basis of the "V" shaped structure, so as to better conform to the structure of the second connecting rod 702 in the present disclosure, which is not repeated herein, the second connecting rod 702 with the approximate "V" shaped structure can improve the structural strength of the hinge point between the second connecting rod 702 and the frame 2, has excellent bending resistance effect, and can bear a large load, and in combination with the working direction of the shock absorber 703, greatly reduces the trembling of the driver and the passenger during driving, and effectively improves the shock absorption effect, and the second connecting rod 702 is hinged to the frame 2 through the inflection point of the "V" shape, and the opening of the "V" shape faces rearward. When the second connecting rod 702 is pulled by the first connecting rod 701, the second connecting rod 702 swings around a connecting point of the second connecting rod 702 and the frame 2, meanwhile, the second connecting rod 702 compresses the shock absorber 703 hinged with the second connecting rod 702, a second connecting rod hinge lug is connected to the frame 2, the second connecting rod 702 is hinged to the second connecting rod hinge lug through a V-shaped inflection point, the second connecting rod hinge lug is connected to the frame 2 along the connecting line direction of the front wheel and the rear wheel of the electric motorcycle, and the obtuse angle structure can ensure that when the second connecting rod 702 swings, two ends of the second connecting rod 702 have enough swinging space, the connection between the second connecting rod hinge lug and the second connecting rod 702 is simple, and abnormal sound of parts caused by vibration or collision of other parts caused by unreasonable spatial arrangement are reduced; the opening of "V" shape is towards the rear, and this kind of structure still can further shorten the effective transmission length of second connecting rod 702 and first connecting rod 701, but reduce cost when guaranteeing transmission characteristic promotes suspension mechanism's smooth and easy nature, second connecting rod 702 still can be the straight-bar, and the middle part of straight-bar articulates on frame 2, and the both ends of straight-bar articulate first connecting rod 701 and bumper shock absorber 703 respectively, no longer describes here.

In this embodiment, the first connecting rod 701 extends backwards from the second end and is bent downwards to form an approximately "L" shaped structure, the extending meaning of the approximately "L" shaped structure is that structural adjustment and deformation are allowed on the basis of the "L" shaped structure, so as to better conform to the structure of the first connecting rod 701 in the present disclosure, which is not described herein again, the first connecting rod 701 extends backwards from the second end to form a backward extending section 7011 and is bent downwards to form a downward bent section 7012, the backward extending section 7011 and the downward bent section 7012 form an approximately "L" shaped structure, and the first end of the first connecting rod 701 is located at the downward bent section 7012; the first connecting rod 701 bends downwards 7012 and is obtuse-angled and connected with a backward extension segment 7011 and a rocker arm 705, a first connecting rod hinge lug is connected to the rocker arm 705, the downward bending segment 7012 is hinged to the first connecting rod hinge lug, when the shock transmitted by the wheel is received, the downward bending segment 7012 which is obtuse-angled and formed with the backward extension segment 7011 is stressed, then the component force is distributed to the shock absorber 703 and the backward extension segment 7011, then the backward extension segment 7011 continuously disperses the force to the second connecting rod 702, and then the force is transmitted back to the first connecting rod 701 through the shock absorber 703 by the second connecting rod 702.

In this embodiment, the backward extending section 7011 of the first link 701 is longer than the downward bending section 7012, so as to increase the effective working stroke of the shock absorber 703 and improve the shock absorption effect, and the shock absorber 703 is hinged to the downward bending section 7012 and close to the downward bending position.

In this embodiment, the downward bending section of the first connecting rod is shifted to the outside relative to the first end portion, as shown in the figure, the downward bending section of the first connecting rod is hinged to the rocker arm through the first end portion, and the downward bending section is shifted to the outside relative to the hinged portion (realized by direct bending deformation), so that the whole first connecting rod, the second connecting rod and the shock absorber (which are approximately in the same plane) are all shifted to the outside; the structure can give up a larger middle space, is combined with the inclination angle of the shock absorber, is beneficial to arranging middle structures such as a storage box and the like, and can increase the capacity of the storage box; meanwhile, the offset structure forms a buffer structure, and the overall comfort and the buffer vibration damping performance of the suspension are further improved.

In this embodiment, the backward extension 7011 of the first link 701 is approximately parallel to the horizontal plane. The meaning of the approximately parallel extension is that errors caused by swinging, installation and the like are allowed on the basis of parallel, and are not repeated herein, and the arrangement height of the whole multi-link suspension mechanism can be effectively reduced by combining the arrangement mode of the shock absorber 703, so that an avoiding space is arranged for other components.

In this embodiment, the first connecting rod 701 is connected with a shock absorber hinge lug, and one end of the shock absorber 703 is hinged with the shock absorber hinge lug; the shock absorber hinge lug is directly formed on the downward bending section 7012 and close to the downward bending part, the shock absorber 703 is hinged to the hinge lug, the self rigidity of the first connecting rod 701 can be guaranteed, and when the shock absorber 703 moves towards the hinged position of the shock absorber 703 and the first connecting rod 701, the shock absorber hinge lug is stressed and then is transmitted to the first connecting rod 701.

In this embodiment, the hinge joint of the first link 701 and the second link 702, the hinge joint of the first link 701 and the rocker 705, the hinge joint of the shock absorber 703 and the first link 701, and the hinge joint of the shock absorber 703 and the second link 702 all adopt hinge structures of the same structure, and in this embodiment, the hinge structure 704 between the first link 701 and the second link 702 is taken as an example for description, as shown in the figure, the hinge structure 704 includes a hinge shaft 7041, a bearing bushing 7045 externally sleeved on the hinge shaft, a needle roller bearing 7042 externally sleeved on the bearing bushing, and retainer rings 7043 and 7044, which are respectively sleeved outside the bushing in the axial direction of the hinge shaft and located in a hinge groove formed by the second link 702 and located at two ends of a hinge part of the backward extending section 7011 in the axial direction, and are used for reducing wear of other components hinged on the hinge member.

The multi-link suspension mechanism greatly improves the shock absorption effect and improves the riding comfort and the control stability; the direction of shock absorption is changed, the stress is decomposed to the horizontal direction, and the riding comfort and the control stability are further improved; compared with the common direct-push structure and the cradle/triangle system, the rigidity characteristic is softer, and the riding comfort is improved.

In this embodiment, the motorcycle is a single swing arm structure, and the multi-link suspension mechanism is provided corresponding to the swing arm 705 of the electric motorcycle. The multi-connecting-rod suspension mechanism is one, the single side is arranged on one side of the rear wheel of the motorcycle, the single side arrangement is adopted, the instability caused by the left and right differences of the shock absorption of the two sides is changed, meanwhile, the arrangement space is saved, the layout of the whole motorcycle is optimized, a large storage box can be placed in the middle of the motorcycle, and the satisfaction degree of a user is improved.

Meanwhile, by adopting the suspension assembly with the structure, a storage box mounting position is arranged on the frame 2, and a storage box 6 is mounted at the storage box mounting position; the storage box 6 is positioned below the seat cushion 3 and the transverse part of the storage box is positioned right above the rocking 705 arm; by adopting the structure, the storage box transversely extends to the upper part of the rocker arm, the volume of the storage box can be increased, so that the storage box can be used for placing more articles, thereby meeting more user requirements, the meaning that the storage box is positioned below the seat cushion, extends forwards and backwards and is positioned above the single rocker arm assembly is that the storage box is positioned below the seat cushion and extends forwards and backwards respectively along the transverse direction, thereby increasing the volume of the storage box, further increasing the volume of the storage box, and the arrangement space of the storage box can be increased by arranging the single rocker arm assembly and arranging the storage box above the single rocker arm assembly, thereby further increasing the volume of the storage box and being convenient for the disassembly of the rear wheel of the motorcycle; in this embodiment, the motorcycle is of a single rocker structure, the single rocker is disposed on a side opposite to the controller 19 of the motorcycle, so that the stability of the motorcycle during operation can be increased, and the meaning of the side opposite to the controller 19 of the motorcycle is that the single rocker assembly is disposed on the other side where the controller of the motorcycle is located. The structure and function of the seat cushion are the prior art, and are not described in detail herein.

The motorcycle of the invention also comprises a driving motor 17, a controller 19 and a motorcycle body, wherein the controller 19 is arranged on one side of the motorcycle body, and the controller 19 is arranged on one side of the electric motorcycle, so that the motorcycle can generate cooling air in the advancing process, and the heat dissipation effect is ensured; meanwhile, the installation of other parts cannot be influenced laterally, and the effective utilization of the space of the electric motorcycle is ensured;

in the embodiment, the controller 19 is integrated with the driving motor 17, and the driving motor is arranged behind the motorcycle body, the controller faces the advancing direction, the integrated structure simplifies the installation and maintenance, and simultaneously, the problems of multiple points and multiple installation in the prior art are avoided; meanwhile, the motor is arranged behind the motorcycle, the controller can be directly exposed, and the heat dissipation effect is guaranteed.

In this embodiment, the controller 19 is mounted on a controller housing 1901, and the controller housing 1901 is fixed to the rear portion of the driving motor 17 so that the controller is integrated with the driving motor 17; the controller housing 1901 allows the controller to be mounted at a position with good adaptability, so that the controller can be exposed smoothly and can face the direction of the incoming wind.

In this embodiment, after the controller housing 1901 is fixed to the driving motor 17, the controller 19 protrudes from the driving motor 17 in the radial direction, so that the controller protrudes from the driving motor 17 in the structure, which is favorable for guiding the cooling air.

In this embodiment, a controller cover 20 is further included, and the controller cover 20 covers and fixes the controller housing 1901 and the controller 19 from the rear (with respect to the driving motor), so that the overall structure is compact and has good integrity.

In this embodiment, the driving motor 17 is installed behind the motorcycle body, the controller 19 is located behind the right side of the electric motorcycle, as shown in the figure (the part indicated in fig. 1 is provided with the covering part, and the controller is located in the covering part), of course, the structure needs to install the motor at a set position to form transmission, as shown in fig. 2, the left side is provided with the transmission 18, the transmission is driven by the motor to output power, and the controller is located behind the right side (near the lower part of the seat cushion) and protrudes out of the motorcycle body properly, and faces the advancing direction, so that heat dissipation is facilitated, and meanwhile, the driving motor is effectively balanced after being installed, so that the whole motorcycle runs safely and attractively.

In this embodiment, the controller 19 is provided with an air inlet grid at least at a position facing the forward direction, as shown in the figure, the controller is provided with a shell, and the shell is provided with a plurality of air inlet grids; the controller cover is at least provided with a ventilation grid at the position of the controller, so that the air coming from the traveling crane is fully utilized, and the heat dissipation effect is ensured.

In this embodiment, the controller housing 1901 covers the entire rear portion of the driving motor and has a front-rear through interior, and the controller cover is provided with a ventilation grid; the controller shell increases the space at the tail part of the driving motor, is beneficial to the integral heat dissipation of the driving motor 17, and simultaneously, the heat is dissipated by the ventilation grid of the controller cover 20.

The motorcycle further comprises a hub 4, the hub 4 comprising a rim 401, spokes 403 and a rim 402, a portion of the spokes 403 projecting axially outwardly relative to the rim 401 and the rim 402, and the highest point of the outward projection exceeding the outer edge of the rim; the hub is typically used for the rear wheel and will not be described in detail herein;

the outward convex structure is balanced with the transmission and support structure on the inner side visually, and the aesthetic feeling of the appearance is greatly improved; meanwhile, the convex structure exceeds the rim, so that better stress decomposition is realized in the process of receiving impact force, and the vertical bending moment borne by the highest convex point is increased, so that the bearing is met, the effective buffer is formed, and the walking comfort is improved; for torque, compared with a common hub, the structure prolongs a torque transmission path, reduces walking jerking and frustrating feeling and enhances the capacity of bearing large torque;

the inner and outer sides here refer to: one side of the transmission is the inner side, and the other side of the transmission is the outer side; for a motorcycle with a single cantilever, one side of the support and transmission is the inner side, and the other side of the axial direction is the outer side, which is not described in detail herein.

In this embodiment, the transition from the highest point of the spoke 403 protruding outward to the rim is a smooth curve transition of the outer drum, so as to eliminate stress concentration, and improve the overall force transmission capability.

In this embodiment, the smooth curves include, from inside to outside, a first curve 4031, a second curve 4032, and a third curve 4033, and the second curve 4032 is used to smoothly connect the first curve 4031 and the third curve 4033; the multi-section curve connecting structure is formed, so that the aesthetic feeling of the appearance is ensured, and the bearing capacity is ensured.

The curve refers to the line shape of the radial section of the hub, and is not described in detail herein.

In this embodiment, the highest point of the spoke 403 protruding outward is transited to the hub wheel 402 by a fourth curve 4034, and the fourth curve 4034 is a straight line or a curve approximating a straight line; the approximate straight line means that the curve can be a straight line or a curve which is slightly convex; the fourth curve is similar to a straight line, so that the torque transmission is facilitated, and the transmission efficiency is improved.

In this embodiment, the axial dimension of the hub ring 402 is smaller than the axial dimension of the rim 401, and the outer edge of the hub ring 402 is recessed inward relative to the outer edge of the rim 401, as shown in the figure, the highest point protruding outward is located substantially in the middle between the hub ring and the rim in the radial direction.

In this embodiment, the spoke 403 is provided with a triangular hole 4036 which is large in diameter outside and small in diameter inside at a position close to the rim 401, each side of the triangular hole 4036 is in smooth transition, and the triangular holes 4036 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction; the spoke 403 is provided with trapezoidal holes 4035 which are large in radial direction and small in radial direction at the position close to the hub ring 402, the edges of the trapezoidal holes 4035 are in smooth transition, and the trapezoidal holes 4035 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction; the triangular holes and the trapezoidal holes can greatly reduce the overall weight of the hub, and meanwhile, a frame structure is formed, so that the torque resistance in the force transmission process is ensured; as shown, in the circumferential position, the trapezoidal holes 4035 are located between the two triangular holes 4036, and are integrally coordinated with each other to ensure the load-bearing capacity of the hub.

In this embodiment, the triangular hole 4036 is located between the highest protruding point and the rim 401, and the highest protruding point and the rim can be directly connected, which is not described herein again; the trapezoidal hole 4035 is located between the highest protruding point and the hub ring, and similarly, the highest protruding point and the hub ring can be directly connected, so that the overall distribution is attractive, and the bearing capacity is ensured.

In this embodiment, the first curve 4031 and the third curve 4033 are similar to straight lines, the second curve 4032 is an arc line of the outer drum, and the first curve similar to a straight line and the second curve similar to a straight line are arranged to form the structure of the outer drum and simultaneously be similar to a straight line, so that the torque transmission capability is improved, and meanwhile, arc line transition is utilized to avoid stress concentration and maintain better overall strength; the approximate straight line refers to a straight line or a curve which is slightly convex, and the description is omitted; as shown in the figure, the radial size of the first curve is larger than that of the third curve, so that the transmission of the moment and the buffering of the impact force are more facilitated.

In this embodiment, the triangular holes 4036 are inclined in the radial direction from outside to inside in the forward direction, so that the rib structures between the triangular holes 4036 face the direction of the incoming force in the forward rotation process, thereby effectively carrying the load.

The motorcycle is further provided with a rear fender assembly 16 including a rear fender and a tail lamp (as shown, a left tail lamp 1602 and a right tail lamp 1603, hereinafter not specifically described, the tail lamp refers to the left tail lamp 1602 and the right tail lamp 1603), the tail lamp (the left tail lamp 1602 and the right tail lamp 1603) including a light emitting part (a light emitting part 16024 of the left tail lamp 1602 and a light emitting part 16034 of the right tail lamp 1603) and a mounting part which is mounted hidden to the rear fender; the mounting part is hidden and mounted, namely the mounting part is shielded on the inner side (lower part) of the mudguard after mounting, and is not exposed outside as a whole, so that the whole has better aesthetic feeling; meanwhile, the installation part is positioned at the lower part of the mudguard, and a plurality of installation points can be arranged as required for fastening installation, so that the installation tightness of the tail lamp is ensured.

In this embodiment, the bottom surfaces (the bottom surface 16023 of the light emitting part 16024 and the bottom surface 16033 of the light emitting part) of the light emitting parts (the light emitting part 16024 and the light emitting part 1603) of the tail lights (the left tail light 1602 and the right tail light 1603) are closely attached to the rear fender; the bottom end surface refers to a combination surface of the light emitting part and the mounting part of the tail lamp, namely a surface which is close to the inner side in the transverse direction (the transverse direction of the motorcycle), namely a right side end surface of the light emitting part of the left tail lamp and a left side end surface of the light emitting part of the right tail lamp; because the bottom end surface is tightly attached to the rear mudguard, the appearance is integrated, and the effect of tightly attaching and reinforcing is achieved.

In this embodiment, the edges of the two lateral sides of the rear fender form mounting end faces, and the mounting end faces are fitted with the bottom end face of the light emitting part of the tail lamp; the conformal close fitting means that the mounting end surface and the bottom end surface have basically the same shape on the outer contour, and have better appearance effect after being mounted in the same plane; one of the attachment end surfaces is provided on the left and right, and is in close contact with the bottom end surface 16023 of the light emitting part 16024 of the left tail lamp 1602 and the bottom end surface 16033 of the light emitting part 16034 of the right tail lamp 1603.

In this embodiment, a tail lamp mounting position (of course, a left tail lamp 1602 and a right tail lamp 1603 are correspondingly arranged) is arranged on the inner side of the rear fender, and the mounting part of the tail lamp extends into the inner side of the rear fender and is mounted on the tail lamp mounting position; this structure makes the installation department whole be located the fender inboard, and stealthy effect is better, simultaneously, can increase installation intensity as required to there is not adverse effect to the outward appearance.

In this embodiment, the rear fender includes an upper fender 1601 and a lower fender 1604, the tail light is installed on the upper fender 1601, and the upper fender is generally located at a position on the upper side of the tail and is connected with the vehicle (the vehicle body or the frame 2) more tightly, which is beneficial to ensuring the installation strength of the tail light; the lower mudguard is connected with the upper mudguard to form a whole body, and the description is omitted.

In the present embodiment, the tail lamp attachment site includes an upper attachment seat (an attachment seat 16011 corresponding to the left tail lamp 1602 and an attachment seat 16013 corresponding to the right tail lamp) and a lower attachment lug (an attachment lug 16012 corresponding to the left tail lamp 1602 and an attachment lug 16014 corresponding to the right tail lamp), the attachment seat includes a tail lamp lug (a tail lamp lug 16021 corresponding to the left tail lamp 1602 and a tail lamp lug 16031 corresponding to the right tail lamp 1603) fixedly attached to the attachment seat and a tail lamp mount (a tail lamp mount 16022 corresponding to the left tail lamp 1602 and a tail lamp mount 16032 corresponding to the right tail lamp 1603) fixedly attached to the attachment lug; the mounting seat is arranged on the base, so that stable mounting support is formed, and downward falling is avoided; the lower mounting lug assists the mounting base to form stable support, and stable mounting is formed from two directions; the up-down direction here means the up-down direction after the tail lamp is mounted, and it is possible to form an inclination, and the mount base and the mount stay are not strictly in the up-down relationship, and a relative inclination may be formed, but the up-down direction relationship is not affected.

In this embodiment, the tail light support lugs (the tail light support lug 16021 corresponding to the left tail light 1602 and the tail light support lug 16031 corresponding to the right tail light 1603) are fastened to the mounting seats (the mounting seat 16011 corresponding to the left tail light 1602 and the mounting seat 16013 corresponding to the right tail light) through screws, and are connected through screws to form stable mounting, so that the mounting operation is convenient; the tail lamp mount table (tail lamp mount table 16022 corresponding to left tail lamp 1602 and tail lamp mount table 16032 corresponding to right tail lamp 1603) is fixedly connected through a mounting screw rod passing through a mounting lug (mounting lug 16012 corresponding to left tail lamp 1602 and mounting lug 16014 corresponding to right tail lamp), as shown in the figure, the mounting screw rod is fixed or integrally formed on the tail lamp mount table, the screw rod passes through the mounting lug and is fastened by a nut, the fastening tail lamp mount table is abutted against the mounting lug, and a stable connection structure is formed.

Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.