阅读说明：本技术 一种抽滤实验装置及方法 (Suction filtration experimental device and method ) 是由 林哲鑫 于 2021-07-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种抽滤实验装置及方法,属于建筑技术领域,使用毛细管,能够避免液滴在汇聚至量筒的过程中会产生涟漪波动,从而增强测量准确度；装置包括：瓶体,内部具有空腔,顶部开设开口,开口拆卸式连接瓶塞；漏斗,顶端开口铺设滤纸,底端开口穿过瓶塞进入瓶体；加压容器,拆卸式罩设于漏斗顶端,且能够将漏斗的顶端封闭,加压容器设有多个加压气体入口,每个加压气体入口分别连通一压力源；负压源,连通瓶体；主体呈螺旋状的测量管道,设于瓶体内,测量管道的入口位于漏斗正下方,测量管道还设有用于测量水位的水位测量装置；服务器,所述水位测量装置能够与服务器通信。(The invention discloses a suction filtration experimental device and a suction filtration experimental method, which belong to the technical field of buildings, and can avoid ripple fluctuation generated in the process of converging liquid drops to a measuring cylinder by using a capillary tube, so that the measurement accuracy is enhanced; the device comprises: the bottle body is internally provided with a cavity, the top of the bottle body is provided with an opening, and the opening is detachably connected with the bottle stopper; the filter paper is laid at the top opening of the funnel, and the bottom opening penetrates through the bottle stopper and enters the bottle body; the pressurization container is detachably covered at the top end of the funnel and can seal the top end of the funnel, the pressurization container is provided with a plurality of pressurization gas inlets, and each pressurization gas inlet is respectively communicated with a pressure source; the negative pressure source is communicated with the bottle body; the main body is a spiral measuring pipeline which is arranged in the bottle body, the inlet of the measuring pipeline is positioned right below the funnel, and the measuring pipeline is also provided with a water level measuring device for measuring the water level; a server, the water level measuring device being capable of communicating with the server.)

1. The utility model provides a suction filtration experimental apparatus which characterized in that includes:

the bottle body is internally provided with a cavity, the top of the bottle body is provided with an opening, and the opening is detachably connected with the bottle stopper;

the filter paper is laid at the top opening of the funnel, and the bottom opening penetrates through the bottle stopper and enters the bottle body;

the pressurization container is detachably covered at the top end of the funnel and can seal the top end of the funnel, the pressurization container is provided with a plurality of pressurization gas inlets, and each pressurization gas inlet is respectively communicated with a pressure source;

the negative pressure source is communicated with the bottle body;

the main body is a spiral measuring pipeline which is arranged in the bottle body, the inlet of the measuring pipeline is positioned right below the funnel, and the measuring pipeline is also provided with a water level measuring device for measuring the water level;

a server, the water level measuring device being capable of communicating with the server.

2. The experimental facility for suction filtration according to claim 1, wherein the main body of the measuring tube is a capillary tube, the capillary tube is connected to a cylindrical body, and the cylindrical body is provided with an opening as an inlet of the measuring tube.

3. The filtration experiment apparatus of claim 2, wherein the capillary is provided in plurality, and the plurality of capillaries are arranged in parallel.

4. The suction filtration experimental apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the negative pressure source is communicated with the bottle body through a negative pressure pipeline, a flow meter for measuring gas flow is arranged on the negative pressure pipeline, and both the negative pressure source and the flow meter can communicate with the server.

5. The filtration assay device of claim 1, wherein the filter paper is shaped to fit the funnel, and the filter paper is affixed to the funnel.

6. The experimental facility for suction filtration of claim 1, wherein the pressurizing container is box-shaped, an air opening is formed in the bottom surface of the pressurizing container, and the opening of the pressurizing container is fastened to the top end of the funnel.

7. The experimental facility for suction filtration of claim 6, wherein the upper bottom surface of the pressure vessel is provided with more than 3 pressurized gas inlets, and each pressurized gas inlet is respectively communicated with a pressure source through a pressurized pipeline.

8. The filtration assay device of claim 1 or claim 7, wherein the pressure source is an air pump.

9. The experimental apparatus for suction filtration of claim 1, wherein the bottle body is in the shape of a straight cylinder, and the central axis of the main body of the measuring tube is parallel to the central axis of the bottle body.

10. A filtration assay method, using the filtration assay device of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

assembling the suction filtration experimental device, and keeping the opening at the top of the funnel open;

placing the sludge on filter paper;

covering and connecting the pressurized container to the top opening of the funnel;

starting a server;

starting a pressure source;

starting a negative pressure source;

the reading is taken from the server.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of buildings, and particularly relates to a suction filtration experimental device and a suction filtration experimental method.

Background

Municipal sludge is a gelatinous waste produced in the sewage treatment process of municipal sewage treatment plants, and the sludge is discharged and stacked randomly without treatment to cause serious environmental problems. The international sludge disposal modes mainly comprise land utilization, sanitary landfill, incineration, throwing into the sea and the like, wherein the landfill disposal has relatively loose requirements on technical indexes and low operation cost and is the main mode of sludge disposal at the present stage. Simple and independent landfill, namely directly dumping the sludge into a preset landfill pit after the sludge is dewatered and digested to form a temporary sludge storage area.

The inventor finds that the water content of the sludge is high, the physical and mechanical properties are poor, the sludge cannot meet the landfill standard of municipal sludge, the reservoir capacity of a landfill is increasingly tense, and the potential safety hazard can be buried, such as the slip and landslide accidents of landfill bodies in Shenzhen lower plateau landfill and Shanxi Taiyuan landfill.

The inventor considers that at present, the domestic and foreign researches on the sludge mainly focus on the dehydration property of the excess sludge, the solidification modification of the dehydrated sludge and the like. However, there are few relevant systematic research data about degraded sludge in the landfill area, and in addition, the difference of sludge in different regions and different landfill modes also cause the landfill area to have specificity, so that the design of an in-situ reinforcement treatment and reduction scheme of the sludge reservoir area lacks necessary test parameters.

Therefore, the inventor thinks that it is necessary to take the long-term landfill sludge in the domestic temporary storage area as a research object, obtain the physical and mechanical properties of the sludge by means of geotechnical tests and summarize the change rule of relevant parameters along with underground spatial positions. Meanwhile, the urban domestic sludge is necessary to be pretreated by means of biochemistry and the like, and then deep dehydration is carried out on the long-term landfill sludge by combining mechanical pressure, so that the volume of the sludge is reduced, the water content of the sludge is reduced, the mechanical property of the sludge is improved, and the subsequent treatment requirement of the sludge is met. Necessary design parameters and basis are provided for further reinforcement and reduction of the existing sludge temporary storage area.

The inventor finds that the surprising control of the vacuum filtration device relies on the fine control of the vacuum pump, which requires many people to operate, and this causes the following specific defects:

1. more than two persons are required to be matched together during measurement, and manual reading is required; the reading accuracy is low.

2. Because the measuring device adopted at present is generally a measuring cylinder, the liquid drops can fluctuate in the process of converging to the measuring cylinder, and therefore the reading accuracy is influenced.

3. The inner wall of the existing filter paper is easy to be coated with slurry, so that the sludge is difficult to take out.

4. The existing measuring system needs to use a negative pressure source to form suction, and the vibration of the negative pressure source can influence the accurate reading of the volume of filtrate in the working process

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a suction filtration experimental device and a suction filtration experimental method, which can avoid ripple fluctuation generated in the process of converging liquid drops to a measuring cylinder by using a capillary tube through targeted improvement on the prior device, thereby enhancing the measurement accuracy.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, the present invention provides a suction filtration experimental apparatus, including:

the bottle body is internally provided with a cavity, the top of the bottle body is provided with an opening, and the opening is detachably connected with the bottle stopper;

the filter paper is laid at the top opening of the funnel, and the bottom opening penetrates through the bottle stopper and enters the bottle body;

the pressurization container is detachably covered at the top end of the funnel and can seal the top end of the funnel, the pressurization container is provided with a plurality of pressurization gas inlets, and each pressurization gas inlet is respectively communicated with a pressure source;

the negative pressure source is communicated with the bottle body;

the main body is a spiral measuring pipeline which is arranged in the bottle body, the inlet of the measuring pipeline is positioned right below the funnel, and the measuring pipeline is also provided with a water level measuring device for measuring the water level;

a server, the water level measuring device being capable of communicating with the server.

Furthermore, the main body of the measuring pipeline is a capillary tube, the capillary tube is connected with a cylindrical body, and the cylindrical body is provided with an opening to be used as an inlet of the measuring pipeline.

Furthermore, the capillary is provided with a plurality of, and a plurality of capillary parallel arrangement.

Further, the negative pressure source is communicated with the bottle body through a negative pressure pipeline, a flowmeter used for measuring the gas flow is arranged on the negative pressure pipeline, and the negative pressure source and the flowmeter can be communicated with the server.

Furthermore, the filter paper is in a shape matched with the funnel, and the filter paper is tightly attached to the funnel.

Furthermore, the pressurizing container is box-shaped, an air opening is formed in the bottom surface of the pressurizing container, and an opening of the pressurizing container is buckled to the top end of the funnel.

Furthermore, the last bottom surface of pressure appearance is seted up the pressurized gas entry that the quantity is greater than 3, and every pressurized gas entry all communicates a pressure source respectively through the pressurization pipeline.

Further, the pressure source is an air pump.

Further, the bottle body is in a straight cylinder shape, and the central axis of the main body part of the measuring pipeline is parallel to the central axis of the bottle body.

In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a suction filtration experimental method, using the suction filtration experimental apparatus of the first aspect, including the following steps:

assembling the suction filtration experimental device, and keeping the opening at the top of the funnel open;

placing the sludge on filter paper;

covering and connecting the pressurized container to the top opening of the funnel;

starting a server;

starting a pressure source;

starting a negative pressure source;

the reading is taken from the server.

The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the invention, firstly, an automatic measurement means is used, and measurement is carried out by combining a liquid level meter, so that measurement can be automatically completed by one person during measurement, and a reading is automatically obtained; secondly, in the invention, the capillary tube is used for replacing a conventional measuring cylinder, the inner diameter of the capillary tube can adapt to the adhesive force of water, the water is prevented from being excessively attached to the cylinder wall, and the accurate measurement is more facilitated; meanwhile, the capillary tube is used, so that the phenomenon that the liquid drops are rippled and fluctuated in the process of converging the liquid drops to the measuring cylinder can be avoided; the invention also uses the modularized filter paper with the hydrophobic layer, which is more beneficial to cleaning mud residue; finally, the method of simultaneously pressurizing and pumping is more beneficial to the rapid development of the whole experiment.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an overall apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present invention from a first perspective;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the overall apparatus of the present disclosure from a second perspective in accordance with one or more embodiments;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of partial details of the present invention according to one or more embodiments;

FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of the present disclosure in accordance with one or more embodiments;

FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of the present disclosure according to one or more embodiments;

FIG. 6 is a schematic rear view of the present invention according to one or more embodiments.

In the figure: 1. the device comprises a bottle body, 2, a funnel, 21, a funnel cone body, 22, a funnel neck, 3, a pressurizing container, 4, a pressurizing pipeline, 41, a first pressurizing pipeline, 42, a second pressurizing pipeline, 43, a third pressurizing pipeline, 5, a bottle stopper, 6, a measuring pipeline, 61, a cylindrical body, 62, a capillary tube, 7, a negative pressure pipeline, 8, a pressure source, 81, a first pressure source, 82, a second pressure source, 83, a third pressure source, 9 and a negative pressure source.

The spacing or dimensions between each other are exaggerated to show the location of the various parts, and the illustration is for illustrative purposes only.

Detailed Description

It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

Term interpretation section: the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like in the present invention are to be understood in a broad sense, and for example, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" may be fixed, detachable, or integrated; the two components can be connected mechanically or electrically, directly or indirectly through an intermediate medium, or connected internally or in an interaction relationship, and the terms used in the present invention should be understood as having specific meanings to those skilled in the art.

It should also be noted that any combination between the following embodiments is possible.

Example 1

In a typical implementation manner of the present invention, the present embodiment discloses a suction filtration experimental apparatus, which includes:

the bottle body 1 is internally provided with a cavity, the top of the bottle body is provided with an opening, and the opening is detachably connected with a bottle stopper 5;

the top end opening of the funnel 2 is paved with filter paper, and the bottom end opening penetrates through the bottle stopper 5 to enter the bottle body 1;

the pressurizing container 3 is detachably covered at the top end of the funnel 2 and can seal the top end of the funnel 2, the pressurizing container 3 is provided with a plurality of pressurizing gas inlets, and each pressurizing gas inlet is respectively communicated with a pressure source 8;

the negative pressure source 9 is communicated with the bottle body 1;

the main body is a spiral measuring pipeline 6 which is arranged in the bottle body 1, the inlet of the measuring pipeline 6 is positioned under the funnel 2, and the measuring pipeline 6 is also provided with a water level measuring device for measuring the water level;

and the server, the water level measuring device can communicate with the server.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the invention expressly state otherwise, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.

Specifically, the bottle body 1 used in this embodiment may be a narrow-mouth bottle commonly used in an existing laboratory, the existing narrow-mouth bottle is generally made of glass, a small opening is usually formed at an opening of the bottle body for installing the bottle plug 5, after the bottle plug 5 is installed, the bottle space and the space outside the bottle can be isolated in a closed manner, and the air tightness of the bottle body can generally prevent air in the bottle from escaping, so that a person skilled in the art can separate moisture from solid matters in the municipal sludge by using a pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the bottle.

While municipal sludge is described herein, it can be viewed as a multi-phase mixture that theoretically includes water and solids, the purpose of the apparatus of this embodiment is to separate the water from the solids.

The main body of the measuring tube 6 is a capillary 62, the capillary 62 is connected to a cylindrical body 61, and the cylindrical body 61 is provided with an opening as an inlet of the measuring tube 6.

Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 shows a specific structure of the measuring pipe 6, specifically, the measuring pipe 6 is actually a pipe composed of a plurality of pipes and performing measurement by using the pascal principle, where the pascal principle means that after any point in the incompressible stationary fluid is subjected to a pressure increment by an external force, the pressure increment is instantaneously transmitted to each point of the stationary fluid; in the present embodiment, a total of 4 capillaries 62 are provided, and for convenience of showing the form, the capillaries are named as spiral capillaries 62 in the present embodiment, and the specifications of the four spiral capillaries 62 are the same, and the specifications here refer to the inner diameter, the thread pitch, the shell thickness, and the thread radius of the spiral capillaries 62; the four spiral capillaries 62 are circumferentially arrayed in the cylindrical body 61, the central angle of the array is 90 degrees, and because the four spiral capillaries 62 with the same specification are adopted, the water storage capacity of the four spiral capillaries 62 is convenient to calculate, and the measurement and the reading are convenient.

Specifically, the device in this embodiment further includes a liquid level meter disposed inside the cylindrical body 61 as a water level measuring device (not shown in the figure), the liquid level meter can achieve the purpose of automatically measuring the height of the liquid level, the specific principle and the connection condition with the server are conventional technologies in the art, and details are not repeated in this embodiment. It should be noted that the liquid level meter in this embodiment is actually connected with a signal transmitter and a power supply battery, and in the prior art, the liquid level meter is generally named as a wireless remote liquid level meter.

The capillary 62 is provided in plural, and the plural capillaries 62 are arranged in parallel.

It will be understood that parallel here means that the four circumferential arrays are parallel between the capillaries 62 of the barrel, and that this parallel spatial geometry is the parallelism between the curves in space.

In this embodiment, in addition to the level gauge, a scale is still provided on the barrel and capillary 62, it being understood that a level reading can be taken through either capillary 62 or the barrel.

The negative pressure source 9 is communicated with the bottle body 1 through the negative pressure pipeline 7, a flowmeter (not shown in the figure) for measuring the gas flow is arranged on the negative pressure pipeline 7, and both the negative pressure source 9 and the flowmeter can be communicated with a server.

Specifically, the negative pressure source 9 in this embodiment may be a micro-aspirator pump.

The filter paper is in a shape matching the funnel 2, and the filter paper is closely attached to the funnel 2.

Specifically, the surface of the filter paper in the embodiment is provided with the hydrophobic layer, so that sludge can be conveniently cleaned from the filter paper after the experiment is finished in the later period.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the pressurized container 3 in this embodiment is box-shaped, an empty opening is formed on the bottom surface of the pressurized container 3, and an opening of the pressurized container 3 is fastened to the top end of the funnel 2. Specifically, the pressurized container 3 in the present embodiment is in the shape of an oblate column, and in the orientations of fig. 1 to 5, it should be noted that, for convenience of description, if the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" appear in the present embodiment, they are only used to indicate that the directions of up, down, left and right of the drawings per se are consistent, and do not limit the structure, but are only used to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention; therefore, in the orientation in fig. 1 to 5, the opening is provided below the pressurizing container 3.

More specifically, the funnel 2 in this embodiment may adopt a conventional funnel 2 or a buchner funnel 2, taking the conventional funnel 2 as an example, the funnel includes a funnel cone 21 and a funnel neck 22, the upper end of the funnel cone 21 is an open end, and the outer edge of the opening formed at the open end is circular, so that the periphery of the opening formed at the lower end of the pressure container 3 in this embodiment is a circular opening slightly larger than the open end formed at the funnel cone 21.

For further sealing, a sealing ring is mounted at the opening of the upper end of the funnel cone 21.

In another embodiment, a seal ring is attached to an opening formed in a lower end of the pressurized container 3.

The last bottom surface of pressurization appearance is seted up the pressurized gas entry that the quantity is greater than 3, and every pressurized gas entry all communicates a pressure source 8 respectively through pressurization pipeline 4.

Specifically, referring to fig. 1 to 6, in the present embodiment, the pressurization container 3 is provided with 3 pressurized gas inlets, the 3 pressurized gas inlets are respectively communicated with the first pressurization pipeline 41, the second pressurization pipeline 42 and the third pressurization pipeline 43, the first pressurization pipeline 41 is further communicated with the first pressure source 81, the second pressurization pipeline 42 is further communicated with the second pressure source 82, and the third pressurization pipeline 43 is further communicated with the third pressure source 83.

In this embodiment, the pressure source 8 is an air pump.

In yet another embodiment, the pressure source 8 may also be a manual gas cylinder.

In yet another embodiment, the pressure source 8 may also be a foot-operated air pump.

In this embodiment, the bottle body 1 is in the shape of a conical bottle, and the central axis of the main body portion of the measuring tube 6 is parallel to the central axis of the bottle body 1.

In yet another embodiment, the flask 1 has a straight cylindrical shape, and the central axis of the main body portion of the measuring tube 6 is parallel to the central axis of the flask 1.

Example 2

In a typical implementation manner of the present invention, this embodiment discloses a suction filtration experimental method, which uses the suction filtration experimental apparatus described in embodiment 1, and includes the following steps:

assembling the suction filtration experimental device, and keeping the opening at the top of the funnel 2 open;

placing the sludge on filter paper;

covering and connecting the pressurized container 3 to the top opening of the funnel 2;

starting a server;

according to the experimental requirements, any one or more of a first pressure source 81 to a third pressure source 83 is selected, and a pressure source 8 is started;

starting the negative pressure source 9;

reading the reading from the server; or manually take a reading.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.