阅读说明：本技术 一种亚麻籽-羊肚菌双向发酵菌质制备方法及植物油 (Flaxseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm preparation method and vegetable oil ) 是由 谢朝晖 鲁铁 李登 姬晓娜 陈艳艳 王福梅 佘秋生 于 2021-08-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种亚麻籽-羊肚菌双向发酵菌质制备方法及植物油。一种以亚麻籽-羊肚菌双向发酵菌质为原料的植物油,以羊肚菌为触发菌株,以亚麻籽为发酵底物,经双向发酵后,待羊肚菌菌丝体长满亚麻籽的表面,得到发酵菌质,进行冷榨,得到所述以亚麻籽-羊肚菌双向发酵菌质为原料的植物油。本发明亚麻籽-羊肚菌双向发酵菌质制备方法,采用了以羊肚菌为出发菌株,以亚麻籽为发酵底物的双向发酵技术。通过双向发酵技术,充分结合了羊肚菌、亚麻籽二者的功效,经过将发酵菌质进行冷榨工艺,可有效保存其有效活性成分,同时也提高了发酵菌质植物油的产率。(The invention discloses a linseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm preparation method and vegetable oil. The vegetable oil taking the linseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm as a raw material is prepared by taking morchella as a trigger strain and taking linseed as a fermentation substrate, performing bidirectional fermentation, obtaining the fermentation mycoplasm after morchella mycelium fully grows on the surface of the linseed, and performing cold pressing. The invention relates to a flaxseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm preparation method, which adopts a bidirectional fermentation technology with morchella as an initial strain and flaxseed as a fermentation substrate. By adopting the bidirectional fermentation technology, the effects of the morchella esculenta and the flaxseed are fully combined, the effective active ingredients of the fermented mycoplasm can be effectively preserved by carrying out the cold pressing process on the fermented mycoplasm, and meanwhile, the yield of the fermented mycoplasm vegetable oil is also improved.)

1. A vegetable oil taking flaxseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm as a raw material is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of taking morchella as a trigger strain, taking flaxseeds as fermentation substrates, performing bidirectional fermentation, obtaining fermentation mycoplasm after morchella mycelium overgrows the surfaces of the flaxseeds, and performing cold pressing to obtain the vegetable oil taking the flaxseeds-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm as a raw material.

2. A preparation method of vegetable oil by taking flaxseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm as a raw material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the vegetable oil taking linseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm as a raw material is prepared through the following steps:

s1, screening: crushing the flaxseed-morchella sclerotium by using a crusher, and then putting the crushed flaxseed-morchella sclerotium into a screening device for screening to select the sclerotium with the impurity content of less than 1%;

s2, cleaning and drying: cleaning the mycoplasm selected in the step S1 in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, and drying the mycoplasm by using a vacuum drying machine after the cleaning is finished;

s3, squeezing: putting the dried fungous substances in the step S2 into an oil material filter bag, putting the oil material filter bag into a squeezer for squeezing to obtain crude oil with clear oil color, and obtaining a cake without oil stains on the surface;

s4, fine filtration of crude oil: putting the crude oil obtained in the step S3 into a vertical blade filter for fine filtration;

s5, sterilizing and packaging: and (5) sterilizing the bacterial oil which is subjected to fine filtration in the step (S4), packaging in an aseptic environment after sterilization, packaging in a sealed tank, and storing the sealed tank in a lightproof position.

3. The method for preparing vegetable oil from flax seed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step S2, the temperature of the vacuum drier is controlled at 50 ± 2 ℃, and the water content is 3% -5%.

4. A linseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) flax seed pretreatment: weighing flaxseeds, washing to remove impurities, mixing the flaxseeds and distilled water in proportion, adding 500u/g of pectinase, adjusting the pH to 3.2-3.6, putting the mixture into a constant-temperature water bath kettle, setting the temperature to 50-60 ℃, and performing enzymolysis for 3-6 hours; continuously degumming under a magnetic stirrer after the enzymolysis is finished until the solution is not viscous any more, and drying in a drying box to obtain degummed flax seeds;

(2) preparing toadstool bacterial liquid: treating Morchella sporophore with 75% alcohol for 5min, treating with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 5min, cleaning with sterile water for 3 times, coating PDA solid culture medium with 0.1ml of the solution obtained from the last cleaning, culturing at 30 deg.C for 24 hr, and sterilizing the surface; inoculating sterilized morchella sporocarp to a PDA solid culture medium through aseptic operation, and culturing until a flat plate is full of mycelia; then transferring the morchella esculenta strain liquid to a liquid seed culture medium, placing the liquid seed culture medium on a constant temperature shaking table at 24 ℃ and 130 r/min, and culturing for 7 d to obtain morchella esculenta strain liquid;

(3) bidirectional fermentation: putting the pretreated flaxseeds into a culture bottle, adding a proper amount of water, sealing, and sterilizing; inoculating toadstool bacterial liquid in a sterile environment, and culturing for 10 days in a constant temperature fermentation box at 26 ℃; and (3) taking out the culture bottle after the hypha grows over the surface of the substrate, opening the cover, and placing the culture bottle in a drying box for drying to obtain the hypha of the bidirectional fermentation of the flaxseed and the morchella.

5. The method for preparing linseed-toadstool bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the proportion of the flax seeds and the distilled water in the step (1) is 1: 5-7.

6. The method for preparing flaxseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the flaxseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm is prepared by the following steps: in the step (2), the formula of the PDA solid culture medium is 100g/L of potato, 100g/L of carrot, 20g/L of glucose, 3g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 1.5 g/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 20g/L of agar powder and distilled water to reach the constant volume of 1L.

7. The method for preparing linseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the formula of the liquid seed culture medium in the step (2) is 100g/L of potato, 100g/L of carrot, 20g/L of glucose, 3g/L of monopotassium phosphate and 1.5 g/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, and the volume of distilled water is fixed to 1L.

8. The method for preparing flaxseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm according to claim 4, 5 or 7, wherein the flaxseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm is prepared by the following steps: after the enzymolysis in the step (1) is finished, controlling the rotating speed of the magnetic stirrer to be 1200-2000r/min, and controlling the degumming temperature to be 50-60 ℃; the temperature of the drying box in the step (1) and the step (3) is 60 +/-5 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of edible fungi and the field of vegetable oil, and particularly relates to a method for obtaining linseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm and vegetable oil using the linseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm as a raw material.

Background

Morel (A), (B), (C)Morchella) Is a rare edible and medicinal fungus recognized in the world, and is a good vegetable and good medicine. It is named because its mushroom cap surface is uneven like a lamb tripe. The Morchella esculenta has high nutritive value. The protein content of the morchella esculenta is about 28 percent, and the content of crude protein in the dry matter of the morchella esculenta fermented mycelium is 22.8 to 51.0 percent. The polysaccharide and protein in Morchella esculenta have biological activities of resisting tumor, regulating immunity, resisting oxidation, and reducing cholesterol.

Flax (2)LimumUsitatissimum L.) Is an annual herbaceous plant of the flax family and the flax genus, and is the oldest fiber crop in the world. The flax has more varieties and can be roughly divided into three categories, namely oil flax, fiber flax and flax with both oil and fiber. The oil flax is mainly distributed in northwest and northeast China alpine regions, the yield of the four provinces including inner Mongolia, Gansu, Shanxi and Xinjiang is the largest, and the oil flax accounts for about 75% of the total yield of the whole country, and is a main local vegetable oil source. Linseed (Linseed)flaxseed) Is the seed of flax, is flat and elliptical and has a hook shape. Flaxseed consists of seed coats, endosperm and cotyledons. The weight of the flaxseed shells accounts for 30-39% of the total weight of the seeds, the flaxseed shells have smooth surfaces, are rich in colloid and fiber, and contain a small amount of protein and fat. The seed coat is divided into 4 layers, and the outermost layer contains carbohydrate of mucilage, which accounts for 2-8% of the weight of the whole seeds. The cotyledon accounts for about 50% of the total weight of the seed, and is rich in fat and protein. Rich in flax seedsRich alpha-linolenic acid, which has the functions of reducing blood fat, reducing blood pressure and resisting inflammation.

In the prior art, although linseed and morchella is used in food, the beneficial health-care effect of the active ingredients of the linseed and the morchella on a human body cannot be fully exerted, and the active ingredients cannot be well absorbed and utilized. The bidirectional fermentation technology is characterized in that fungi are used as fermentation strains, edible and medicinal raw materials are used as substrates, the substrates not only provide nutrition required by the growth of the fungi, but also generate new components due to the decomposition and synthesis of the fungi, and therefore the whole fermentation effect has bidirectional property. On one hand, the extraction rate and the absorption rate of the effective components of the flaxseeds can be improved through the biotransformation function of the strains; on the other hand, the flaxseeds can meet the growth conditions required by the morchella mycelium, can promote the growth and the reproduction of the mycelium, and improve the biological activity and the content of metabolites thereof. The composite product prepared by bidirectional fermentation not only can improve the action effect and expand the curative effect of beneficial components, but also has the function of certain components in the product as synergistic effect.

At present, the method is still a blank in the aspects of toadstool and linseed bidirectional fermentation technology and low-temperature cold pressing of fermented mycoplasm for preparing vegetable oil.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides vegetable oil taking linseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm as a raw material and a preparation and acquisition method of the linseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm aiming at the defects of the prior art.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the vegetable oil taking the linseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm as a raw material is prepared by taking morchella as a trigger strain and taking linseed as a fermentation substrate, performing bidirectional fermentation, obtaining the fermentation mycoplasm after morchella mycelium fully grows on the surface of the linseed, and performing cold pressing.

A method for preparing flaxseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm comprises the following steps:

(1) flax seed pretreatment: weighing flaxseeds, washing to remove impurities, mixing the flaxseeds and distilled water in proportion, adding 500u/g of pectinase, adjusting the pH to 3.5, putting the mixture into a constant-temperature water bath, setting the temperature to be 55 ℃, and carrying out enzymolysis for 4 hours. And (4) continuously degumming under a magnetic stirrer after the enzymolysis is finished until the solution is not viscous any more, and drying in a drying box to obtain the degummed flax seeds. The ratio of flaxseed to distilled water is 1: 5-7.

Preferably, the ratio of flaxseed to distilled water is 1: 6.

after the enzymolysis is finished, the rotating speed of the magnetic stirrer is controlled to be about 1500 r/min, and the temperature is controlled to be about 55 ℃.

(2) Preparing toadstool bacterial liquid: treating Morchella esculenta sporocarp with 75% alcohol for 5min, treating with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 5min, washing with sterile water for 3 times, coating PDA solid culture medium with 0.1ml of the solution obtained in the last washing, culturing at 30 deg.C for 24h, and sterilizing the surface; then transferring the mixture into a seed (liquid) culture medium, placing the mixture into a constant temperature shaking table at 24 ℃ and 130 r/min, and culturing for 7 d to obtain the morchella esculenta bacterial liquid.

The formula of the PDA culture medium comprises 100g/L of potato, 100g/L of carrot, 20g/L of glucose, 3g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 1.5 g/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 20g/L of agar powder and distilled water to a constant volume of 1L.

The formula of the seed culture medium comprises 100g/L of potato, 100g/L of carrot, 20g/L of glucose, 3g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 1.5 g/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and distilled water with constant volume of 1L.

(3) Bidirectional fermentation: placing pretreated semen Lini into culture bottle, adding appropriate amount of water, sealing, and autoclaving at 121 deg.C for 30 min; inoculating Morchella esculenta liquid in sterile environment, and culturing in constant temperature fermenter at 26 deg.C for 10 days. And (3) taking out the culture bottle after the hypha grows over the surface of the substrate, opening the cover, and placing the culture bottle in a drying box for drying to obtain the hypha of the bidirectional fermentation of the flaxseed and the morchella.

And (3) controlling the temperature of the drying box in the steps (1) and (3) to be about 60 ℃.

A preparation method of vegetable oil with flax seed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm as a raw material comprises the following steps:

s1, screening: crushing the flaxseed-morchella sclerotium by using a crusher, and then putting the crushed flaxseed-morchella sclerotium into a screening device for screening to select the sclerotium with the impurity content of less than 1%;

s2, cleaning and drying: cleaning the mycoplasm selected in the step S1 in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, and drying in a vacuum drying machine after cleaning;

s3, squeezing, namely putting the dried fungous substances in the S2 into an oil filter bag, putting the oil filter bag into a squeezer, squeezing to obtain crude oil with clear oil color, and obtaining a cake without oil stain on the surface;

s4, fine filtering of crude oil, namely putting the crude oil in the S3 into a vertical blade filter for fine filtering treatment;

and S5, sterilizing and packaging, namely sterilizing the bacterial oil subjected to fine filtration in the step S4, packaging in an aseptic environment after sterilization, packaging in a sealed tank, and storing in a lightproof position.

Preferably, the temperature of the vacuum dryer in step S2 should be 50 ℃ and the moisture content should be 3% -5%.

Has the advantages that:

1. the preparation method of the flaxseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm takes morchella as an initial strain and flaxseed as a fermentation substrate, and combines the oxidation resistance, the blood fat reducing and tumor inhibiting capabilities of morchella and the blood fat reducing and blood pressure reducing effects of flaxseed. So that the fermentation mycoplasm has good effects of eliminating free radicals and regulating blood pressure.

2. The invention relates to a preparation method of vegetable oil by taking flaxseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm as a raw material; by adopting the low-temperature cold pressing process, the cold pressed fermentation mycoplasm can effectively preserve unsaturated fatty acid in the mycoplasm and greatly preserve the nutritional ingredients of the mycoplasm.

3. The linseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm and the vegetable oil thereof are different from the traditional linseed oil, and the mycoplasm obtained by bidirectional fermentation of morchella and linseed obviously enhances the contents of active ingredients such as polysaccharide, polyphenol, sterol and flavone. The mycoplasm is cold-pressed at low temperature, so that the active ingredients in the mycoplasm can be effectively preserved, and the nutritional value is higher.

4. The preparation method of the linseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm adopts a bidirectional fermentation technology, effectively overcomes the defects of the prior art compared with the single extraction of linseed oil and morchella, and the prior art can not fully exert the beneficial health-care effect of the active ingredients of the linseed and the morchella on a human body and can not be well absorbed and utilized although the linseed and the morchella are used in food.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical conception and advantages of the invention for realizing the purposes of the invention more clearly apparent, the technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below. It should be understood that the following examples are only for illustrating and explaining preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.

Example 1

A linseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) flax seed pretreatment: weighing flaxseeds, washing to remove impurities, mixing the flaxseeds and distilled water in proportion, adding 500u/g of pectinase, adjusting the pH to 3.4, putting the mixture into a constant-temperature water bath, setting the temperature to 50 ℃, and carrying out enzymolysis for 3 hours. And (4) continuously degumming under a magnetic stirrer after the enzymolysis is finished until the solution is not viscous any more, and drying in a drying box to obtain the degummed flax seeds.

(2) Preparing toadstool bacterial liquid: treating Morchella sporophore with 75% alcohol for 5min, treating with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 5min, cleaning with sterile water for 3 times, coating PDA solid culture medium with 0.1ml of the solution obtained from the last cleaning, culturing at 30 deg.C for 24 hr, and sterilizing the surface; inoculating sterilized morchella sporocarp to a PDA solid culture medium through aseptic operation, and culturing until a flat plate is full of mycelia; then transferring the morchella esculenta strain liquid to a liquid seed culture medium, placing the liquid seed culture medium on a constant temperature shaking table at 24 ℃ and 130 r/min, and culturing for 7 d to obtain the morchella esculenta strain liquid.

(3) Bidirectional fermentation: putting the pretreated flaxseeds into a culture bottle, adding a proper amount of water, sealing, and sterilizing; inoculating Morchella esculenta liquid in sterile environment, and culturing in constant temperature fermenter at 26 deg.C for 10 days. And (3) taking out the culture bottle after the hypha grows over the surface of the substrate, opening the cover, and placing the culture bottle in a drying box for drying to obtain the hypha of the bidirectional fermentation of the flaxseed and the morchella.

Specifically, the proportion of the flax seeds and the distilled water in the step (1) is 1: 6.

specifically, after the enzymolysis in the step (1) is finished, the rotating speed of the magnetic stirrer is 1500 r/min, and the temperature is 55 ℃.

Specifically, the formula of the PDA culture medium in the step (2) is 100g/L of potato, 100g/L of carrot, 20g/L of glucose, 3g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 1.5 g/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 20g/L of agar powder and distilled water to reach the constant volume of 1L.

Specifically, the formula of the seed culture medium in the step (2) is 100g/L of potato, 100g/L of carrot, 20g/L of glucose, 3g/L of monopotassium phosphate and 1.5 g/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, and the volume of distilled water is up to 1L.

Specifically, the temperature of the drying oven in step (1) and step (3) was 60 ℃.

Example 2

A preparation method of vegetable oil taking flaxseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm as a raw material comprises the following steps:

s1, screening: crushing the flaxseed-morchella sclerotium by using a crusher, and then putting the crushed flaxseed-morchella sclerotium into a screening device for screening to select the sclerotium with the impurity content of less than 1%;

s2, cleaning and drying: cleaning the mycoplasm selected in the step S1 in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, and drying in a vacuum drying machine after cleaning;

s3, squeezing, namely putting the dried fungous substances in the S2 into an oil filter bag, putting the oil filter bag into a squeezer, squeezing to obtain crude oil with clear oil color, and obtaining a cake without oil stain on the surface;

s4, fine filtering of crude oil, namely putting the crude oil in the S3 into a vertical blade filter for fine filtering treatment;

and S5, sterilizing and packaging, namely sterilizing the bacterial oil subjected to fine filtration in the step S4, packaging in an aseptic environment after sterilization, packaging in a sealed tank, and storing in a lightproof position.

Specifically, the temperature of the vacuum dryer in step S2 should be 50 ℃ and the moisture content should be 3%.

The invention relates to a flaxseed-morchella bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm preparation method, which adopts a bidirectional fermentation technology with morchella as an initial strain and flaxseed as a fermentation substrate. After bidirectional fermentation, fermentation mycoplasm is obtained after toadstool mycelium grows over the surface of flaxseed, and cold pressing is carried out, so as to obtain the vegetable oil taking flaxseed-toadstool bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm as a raw material.

Morchella esculenta is a rare edible and medicinal fungus, is rich in various active ingredients such as polysaccharide, protein, unsaturated fatty acid, amino acid and the like, and has the effects of reducing blood fat, resisting fatigue, resisting virus, inhibiting tumor growth, enhancing human immunity and the like. The linseed is rich in alpha-linolenic acid which has the functions of reducing blood fat, reducing blood pressure and resisting inflammation. By adopting the bidirectional fermentation technology, the effects of the two are fully combined, the effective active ingredients of the fermentation mycoplasm can be effectively preserved by carrying out the cold pressing process on the fermentation mycoplasm, and meanwhile, the yield of the fermentation mycoplasm vegetable oil is also improved. This is illustrated by comparison with the substantive review reference of the invention attached hereto.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention. Other modifications of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art without the benefit of this disclosure and it is intended to cover within the scope of the invention any modifications that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention or the equivalents thereof which may be substituted by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.