阅读说明：本技术 棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法 (Method for comprehensively breeding urechis unicinctus by grading in soil pond of cement pond matched with shed pond ) 是由 曹梅 钱诗悦 王兴强 罗楚涵 卢雪旎 徐�明 于润川 于 2021-08-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明是一种棚池配套水泥池土池分级棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法,属水产养殖技术领域。由室内水泥池、2个室外土池组成,室内水泥池为凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖池,室外土池A为对虾养殖尾水沉淀池,室外土池B为单环刺螠养殖池。室内水泥池的尾水通过管道排入室外土池A沉淀。室外土池A沉淀后的尾水通过溢水口进入室外土池B。凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖投喂商品配合饲料,单环刺螠土池养殖补充单环刺螠生态配合饵料。本发明较好解决了对虾养殖过程中的尾水处理问题,技术操作简单,饲料成本大大降低,而且在处理尾水的同时,可以收获经济价值较高的单环刺螠,刺螠肉质和成色较好。(The invention relates to a comprehensive breeding method of urechis unicinctus by grading a soil pond of a cement pond matched with a shed pond and a soil pond and grading the soil pond of the shed pond, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture. The system consists of an indoor cement pond and 2 outdoor soil ponds, wherein the indoor cement pond is a litopenaeus vannamei industrial culture pond, the outdoor soil pond A is a shrimp culture tail water sedimentation pond, and the outdoor soil pond B is a urechis unicinctus culture pond. And tail water of the indoor cement pond is discharged into the outdoor soil pond A through a pipeline for precipitation. And tail water precipitated in the outdoor soil tank A enters the outdoor soil tank B through the overflow port. Commercial compound feed is fed to industrial litopenaeus vannamei cultivation, and the urechis unicinctus ecological compound feed is supplemented to the urechis unicinctus cultivation in the urechis unicinctus soil pond. The invention better solves the problem of tail water treatment in the process of prawn culture, has simple technical operation and greatly reduced feed cost, can harvest urechis unicinctus with higher economic value while treating tail water, and has better meat quality and color of urechis unicinctus.)

1. A method for comprehensively culturing urechis unicinctus in a grading manner by using a soil pond of a cement pond matched with a shed pond is characterized in that the method for culturing urechis unicinctus in a grading manner by using a soil pond of a soil pond matched with a shed pond is composed of an indoor cement pond, an outdoor soil pond A and an outdoor soil pond B, wherein the indoor cement pond is an industrial culture pond for the litopenaeus vannamei, the outdoor soil pond A is a tail water sedimentation pond for culturing the litopenaeus vannamei, and the outdoor soil pond B is a urechis unicinctus culture pond;

20-40 indoor cement ponds, wherein the depth of each cement pond is 1.5-4 meters, and the area of each cement pond is 20-40 square meters;

the depth of water of the outdoor soil pond A is 2-4 meters, the area is 0.1-0.2 hectare, the bottom of the pond is shaped, a layer of geotextile covers the bottom of the pond, a dirt collecting opening is arranged in the center, 4-8 overflow openings are arranged at the positions 1.5-3.0 meters away from the bottom of the pond, and the overflow rate is controlled by a valve;

the outdoor soil pond B is 1.0-1.5 m in water depth and 0.33-3.33 hectare in area and is communicated with the soil pond A through an overflow pipeline;

the industrial culture of the litopenaeus vannamei is carried out in the indoor cement pond, the pollution discharge is carried out at 6-8 am every day, the tail water discharge amount is about 5-10% of the culture water body, the pollution discharge time is about 2 hours, and the tail water is discharged into the outdoor soil pond A through a pipeline for precipitation;

and at 6-8 pm every day, tail water precipitated in the outdoor soil pond A enters the outdoor soil pond B through the overflow gap, and the water inlet time can be continued to 8 am the next day.

2. The method for comprehensively culturing urechis unicinctus by classification in the soil pond matched with the shed pond according to claim 1, wherein commercial compound feed is fed for industrial culture of the litopenaeus vannamei, the urechis unicinctus ecological compound feed is supplemented for the culture in the soil pond, and the basic nutritional ingredients of the urechis unicinctus ecological compound feed consist of the following raw materials in percentage by weight:

bean pulp: 10-20%; sargassum powder: 10-20%; kelp powder: 10-15%;

white fish meal: 10-15%; sea green vegetable powder: 8-16%; sargassum thunbergii powder: 8-16%;

shrimp chaff: 5-10%; scallop powder: 5-10%; spirulina powder: 2-4%;

dunaliella salina powder: 3.5-7%; emulsifying astaxanthin: 0.1-0.2%; lutein extract: 0.1-0.2%; 0.1-0.2% of corn citric acid residues; 0.01-0.02% of allicin.

3. The method for comprehensively culturing urechis unicinctus by classification in a soil pond and a matched cement pond of a shed pond according to claim 2, wherein the basic nutritional ingredients of the urechis unicinctus ecological compound bait consist of the following raw materials in percentage by weight:

bean pulp: 18 percent; sargassum powder: 17.88 percent; kelp powder: 10 percent;

white fish meal: 10 percent; sea green vegetable powder: 10 percent; sargassum thunbergii powder: 10 percent;

shrimp chaff: 8 percent; scallop powder: 8 percent; spirulina powder: 3 percent;

dunaliella salina powder: 4.5 percent; emulsifying astaxanthin: 0.2 percent; lutein extract: 0.2 percent;

0.2% of corn citric acid residues; 0.02 percent of allicin.

4. The method for comprehensively culturing urechis unicinctus by classification in a soil pond and a matched cement pond of a shed pond according to claim 2, wherein the method for preparing the ecological compound bait for urechis unicinctus comprises the following steps: fully mixing the raw materials, crushing the raw materials by 60-100 meshes, and drying the crushed raw materials in drying equipment at the temperature of below 80 ℃ until the water content is lower than 12% to obtain the fertilizer.

5. The method for comprehensively culturing urechis unicinctus by classification in the soil pond matched with the cement pond of the shed pond according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the urechis unicinctus is ecologically matched with bait and fed for 2 times every day, the daily bait feeding amount is 1-3% of the weight of the urechis unicinctus, 5% of a microecological preparation is added 2-4 days before feeding, and the microecological preparation is subjected to closed fermentation treatment and comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:

40-80% of Angel yeast; marine rhodotorula: 20-40%;

lactic acid bacteria: 5-10%; 5-10% of bacillus.

6. The method for comprehensively culturing urechis unicinctus by classification in the soil pond of the cement pond matched with the shed pond according to claim 5, wherein the microecological preparation comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:

angel yeast 55%; marine rhodotorula: 30 percent;

lactic acid bacteria: 8 percent; 7 percent of bacillus.

7. The method for comprehensively culturing urechis unicinctus in grading in the soil pond of the cement pond matched with the shed pond according to claim 1, wherein lactobacillus and bacillus brown sugar fermentation liquor is sprayed to the outdoor soil pond A once at 9-12 am every day, the ratio of lactobacillus to bacillus is 1:1, and the concentration of water in each square is 2-5 g.

8. The method for comprehensively culturing urechis unicinctus by grading urechis unicinctus in the soil pond of the cement pond matched with the shed pond according to claim 1, wherein the outdoor soil pond B is supplemented with golden algae such as a ball and freeze-dried chlorella powder once every day at 9-12 am, the weight ratio is 1:1, and the number of algae cells in each water body is 100-150.

9. The method for comprehensively culturing urechis unicinctus by classification in the soil pool matched with the shed pool according to claim 1, wherein the outdoor soil pool B is oxygenated for 2-4 hours by using a micro-nano bubble generator when feeding.

Technical Field

The invention relates to an aquatic product comprehensive culture method, in particular to a method for culturing urechis unicinctus by grading urechis unicinctus in a soil pond of a cement pond matched with a shed pond for culturing urechis unicinctus by utilizing tail water of litopenaeus vannamei.

Background

With the large-area popularization of the small shed cultivation method, the small shed cultivation scale of the litopenaeus vannamei is gradually enlarged. Along with the decline of industrial prawn breeding, a plurality of prawn breeding workshops are also transformed into small litters for culturing litopenaeus vannamei, a large amount of culture tail water is generated, certain pollution is caused to the environment, the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry is restricted and influenced, the research on pollution-free production technology is carried out, and the prospect of discussing the sustainable development of aquatic economy becomes an important task at present. Aiming at the treatment of the tail water of prawn culture, a physical method, a chemical method and a biological method exist at present, and because the treatment cost is high, a plurality of treatment methods are not satisfactory.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for comprehensively culturing urechis unicinctus by grading urechis unicinctus in a soil pond matched with a shed pond, aiming at the defects of the prior art. The method effectively utilizes tail water of litopenaeus vannamei cultivation, combines with microecological preparation treatment, and realizes green cultivation and almost zero emission, thereby realizing the aims of high yield, high efficiency and environmental protection.

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved by the following technical means. The method is characterized in that the method adopts a soil pond grading breeding method of a cement pond matched with a shed pond, and comprises an indoor cement pond, an outdoor soil pond A and an outdoor soil pond B, wherein the indoor cement pond is a factory breeding pond for litopenaeus vannamei, the outdoor soil pond A is a tail water sedimentation pond for shrimp breeding, and the outdoor soil pond B is a urechis unicinctus breeding pond;

20-40 indoor cement ponds are arranged, the depth of each cement pond is 1.5-4 m, and the area is 20-40 square meters;

the depth of the outdoor soil pool A is 2-4 meters, the area is 0.1-0.2 hectare, the bottom of the pool is shaped like a pot, a layer of geotextile covers the bottom of the pool, a dirt collecting opening is arranged in the center of the pool, 4-8 overflow openings are arranged at the position 1.5-3.0 meters away from the bottom of the pool, and the overflow rate is controlled by a valve;

the outdoor soil pond B is 1.0-1.5 m in water depth and 0.33-3.33 hectare in area and is communicated with the soil pond A through an overflow pipeline;

the indoor cement pond is used for industrial litopenaeus vannamei cultivation, pollution is discharged at 6-8 am every day, the tail water discharge amount is about 5-10% of the cultivation water body, the pollution discharge time is about 2 hours, and the tail water is discharged into the outdoor soil pond A through a pipeline for precipitation.

And at 6-8 pm every day, tail water precipitated in the outdoor soil pond A enters the outdoor soil pond B through the overflow gap, and the water inlet time can be continued to 8 am the next day.

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention can be further achieved by the following technical means. The method for comprehensively culturing urechis unicinctus by grading the urechis unicinctus in the soil pond matched with the shed pond is characterized in that commercial compound feed (only common commercial compound feed) is fed for industrial culture of the litopenaeus vannamei, the ecological compound feed for the urechis unicinctus is supplemented for culture in the soil pond, and the basic nutritional ingredients of the ecological compound feed for the urechis unicinctus consist of the following raw materials in percentage by weight:

bean pulp: 10-20%; sargassum powder: 10-20%; kelp powder: 10-15%;

white fish meal: 10-15%; sea green vegetable powder: 8-16%; sargassum thunbergii powder: 8-16%;

shrimp chaff: 5-10%; scallop powder: 5-10%; spirulina powder: 2-4%;

dunaliella salina powder: 3.5-7%; emulsifying astaxanthin: 0.1-0.2%; lutein extract: 0.1-0.2%; 0.1-0.2% of corn citric acid residues; 0.01-0.02% of allicin.

The basic nutritional ingredients of the urechis unicinctus ecological compound bait consist of the following raw materials in percentage by weight:

bean pulp: 18 percent; sargassum powder: 17.88 percent; kelp powder: 10 percent;

white fish meal: 10 percent; sea green vegetable powder: 10 percent; sargassum thunbergii powder: 10 percent;

shrimp chaff: 8 percent; scallop powder: 8 percent; spirulina powder: 3 percent;

dunaliella salina powder: 4.5 percent; emulsifying astaxanthin: 0.2 percent; lutein extract: 0.2 percent;

0.2% of corn citric acid residues; 0.02 percent of allicin.

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention can be further achieved by the following technical means. The method for comprehensively culturing the urechis unicinctus by grading the urechis unicinctus in the soil pond of the cement pond matched with the shed pond is characterized in that the method for preparing the ecological matched bait for the urechis unicinctus comprises the following steps: fully mixing the raw materials, crushing the raw materials by 60-100 meshes, and drying the crushed raw materials in drying equipment at the temperature of below 80 ℃ until the water content is lower than 12% to obtain the fertilizer.

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention can be further achieved by the following technical means. The method for comprehensively culturing the urechis unicinctus by grading the urechis unicinctus in the soil pond matched with the shed pond is characterized in that the urechis unicinctus is ecologically matched with bait and fed twice every day, the daily bait feeding amount is 1-3% of the weight of the urechis unicinctus, 5% of a microecological preparation is added 2-4 days before feeding, and the microecological preparation is subjected to closed fermentation treatment and comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:

40-80% of Angel yeast; marine rhodotorula: 20-40%;

lactic acid bacteria: 5-10%; 5-10% of bacillus.

The microecological preparation is preferably prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight:

angel yeast 55%; marine rhodotorula: 30 percent;

lactic acid bacteria: 8 percent; 7 percent of bacillus.

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention can be further achieved by the following technical means. The method for comprehensively culturing urechis unicinctus by grading the urechis unicinctus in the soil pond matched with the shed pond is characterized in that lactobacillus and bacillus brown sugar fermentation liquor is sprayed to the outdoor soil pond A once at 9-12 am every day, the ratio of the lactobacillus to the bacillus is 1:1, and the water concentration of each party is 2-5 g.

The outdoor soil pond B is supplemented with the freeze-dried powder of the golden algae and the chlorella once every day at 9-12 am, the weight ratio is 1:1, and the number of algae cells in each water body reaches 100-150.

And when the outdoor soil pond B is used for feeding, the micro-nano bubble generator is used for oxygenating for 2-4 hours.

Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the tail water is purified to a certain degree by a physical precipitation and microecological preparation treatment method, and then the tail water is fully utilized to obtain a better effect by carrying out the soil pond culture of urechis unicinctus; the concrete expression is as follows:

(1) by the aid of the graded breeding method of the soil pond of the cement pond matched with the shed pond, industrial breeding of litopenaeus vannamei and organic unification of physical and biological treatment of breeding tail water are realized, development of breeding of urechis unicinctus soil pond is driven, and partial bait problem of urechis unicinctus is solved.

(2) The tail water precipitated in the outdoor soil pond A enters the outdoor soil pond B through the overflow port, the water inlet time is long, the water inlet oxygenation of the urechis unicinctus culture pond is realized, and the electric power resource is saved; similarly, with the increase of the specification of the urechis unicinctus, the crushing granularity of the bait is correspondingly reduced, and the power resource is saved.

(3) The urechis unicinctus ecological compound bait is supplemented in the urechis unicinctus soil pond, a new breeding method is met, the cost is low, the raw material source is stable, the production process is simple, the use is convenient, the deficiency of nutrition of the shrimp breeding tail water can be made up, the supplemented bait contains nutrition and immune components such as dunaliella salina powder, spirulina powder, emulsified astaxanthin, lutein extract, corn citric acid residue and garlicin, the growth speed of the urechis unicinctus is improved, and the immunity is enhanced.

(4) By combining the current popular fermented feed technology and mixing and fermenting the feed by using various probiotics, the palatability of the feed is improved, the growth of urechis unicinctus can be stimulated, the immunity of the urechis unicinctus is improved, and the culture water quality can be effectively improved.

(5) The addition of the freeze-dried powder of the golden algae and the chlorella can effectively improve the bait structure of the soil pond and promote the growth of urechis unicinctus with smaller specification, so that the specification of the urechis unicinctus is uniform when the urechis unicinctus goes out of the pond, and the commodity value of the urechis unicinctus is improved.

(6) The potential bottom of the urechis unicinctus pond is oxygenated by the micro-nano bubble generator, so that the problem of oxygen deficiency at the bottom of the pond caused by food intake can be effectively solved.

Detailed Description

The embodiment 1 is a method for comprehensively culturing urechis unicinctus by grading urechis unicinctus in a soil pond matched with a shed pond, and comprises the following steps:

when the breeding method is implemented, a method for breeding urechis unicinctus by grading urechis unicinctus in a soil pond matched with a shed pond is adopted, and the method for breeding urechis unicinctus in a grading manner in a soil pond matched with a shed pond is composed of an indoor cement pond, an outdoor soil pond A and an outdoor soil pond B, wherein the indoor cement pond is a litopenaeus vannamei industrial breeding pond, the outdoor soil pond A is a shrimp breeding tail water sedimentation pond, and the outdoor soil pond B is a urechis unicinctus breeding pond;

30 indoor cement ponds, wherein the depth of each cement pond is 2.5 meters, and the area of each cement pond is 30 square meters;

the depth of water in the outdoor soil pool A is 3 meters, the area is 0.15 hectare, the bottom of the pool is shaped, a layer of geotextile covers the bottom of the pool, a sewage collecting opening is arranged in the center, 6 overflow openings are arranged at the position 2.0 meters away from the bottom of the pool, and the overflow rate is controlled by a valve;

the outdoor soil pool B is 1.2.5 meters in water depth and 2 hectares in area and is communicated with the soil pool A through an overflow pipeline;

the industrial culture of the litopenaeus vannamei is carried out in the indoor cement pond, the pollution discharge is carried out at 7 am every day, the tail water discharge amount is about 8 percent of the culture water body, the pollution discharge time is about 2 hours, and the tail water is discharged into the outdoor soil pond A through a pipeline for precipitation;

and at 7 pm every day, tail water precipitated in the outdoor soil pond A enters the outdoor soil pond B through the overflow port, and the water inlet time can be continued to 8 am the next day.

Commercial compound feed is fed to industrial litopenaeus vannamei cultivation, the urechis unicinctus ecological compound feed is fed to the urechis unicinctus cultivation in the soil pond, and the basic nutritional ingredients of the urechis unicinctus ecological compound feed consist of the following raw materials in percentage by weight:

bean pulp: 18 percent; sargassum powder: 17.88 percent; kelp powder: 10 percent;

white fish meal: 10 percent; sea green vegetable powder: 10 percent; sargassum thunbergii powder: 10 percent;

shrimp chaff: 8 percent; scallop powder: 8 percent; spirulina powder: 3 percent;

dunaliella salina powder: 4.5 percent; emulsifying astaxanthin: 0.2 percent; lutein extract: 0.2 percent;

0.2% of corn citric acid residues; 0.02 percent of allicin.

The preparation method of the urechis unicinctus ecological compound bait comprises the following steps: mixing the above materials, pulverizing into 80 mesh powder, and drying at 80 deg.C to water content of 10%.

The urechis unicinctus ecological cooperation bait is fed for 2 times every day, the daily bait feeding amount is 2% of the weight of the urechis unicinctus, 5% of a microecological preparation is added 2 days before feeding, and the microecological preparation is subjected to closed fermentation treatment and consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight:

angel yeast 55%; marine rhodotorula: 30 percent;

lactic acid bacteria: 8 percent; 7% of bacillus;

the outdoor soil pool A is sprayed with lactobacillus and bacillus brown sugar fermentation liquor once every 10 am, the ratio of the lactobacillus to the bacillus is 1:1, and the water concentration in each square is 4 g.

The outdoor soil pond B is supplemented with the freeze-dried powder of the golden algae and the chlorella once a day at 11 am, the weight ratio is 1:1, and the number of algae cells in each water body reaches 120.

And when the outdoor soil pool B is used for feeding, the micro-nano bubble generator is used for oxygenating for 3 hours.

Embodiment 2, an experiment of the method for comprehensively culturing urechis unicinctus by grading urechis unicinctus in a soil pond of a cement pond matched with a shed pond:

the experiment was carried out in a farm of a company, brush or cloud, in 2020. When the cultivation method is implemented, the soil pond grading cultivation method of the cement pond matched with the shed pond is composed of an indoor cement pond, an outdoor soil pond A and an outdoor soil pond B, wherein the indoor cement pond is a litopenaeus vannamei factory cultivation pond, the outdoor soil pond A is a shrimp cultivation tail water sedimentation pond, and the outdoor soil pond B is a urechis unicinctus cultivation pond. And 24 indoor cement ponds are arranged, each cement pond has the water depth of 3 meters and the area of 24 square meters. The depth of water in the outdoor soil pool A is 2.5 meters, the area is 0.15 hectare, the bottom of the pool is shaped like a pot, a layer of geotextile is covered, the center of the pool is provided with a dirt collecting opening, 6 overflow openings are arranged at the position 2 meters away from the bottom of the pool, and the overflow rate is controlled by a valve. The outdoor soil pool B is 1.3 m in water depth and 2 hectares in area and is communicated with the soil pool A through an overflow pipeline. The industrial litopenaeus vannamei breeding is carried out in the indoor cement pond, the pollution discharge is carried out at 8 am every day, the tail water discharge amount is about 8 percent of the breeding water body, the pollution discharge time is about 2 hours, and the tail water is discharged into the outdoor soil pond A through a pipeline for precipitation. And at 6 pm every day, tail water precipitated in the outdoor soil pond A enters the outdoor soil pond B through the overflow port, and the water inlet time can be continued to 8 am the next day. Commercial compound feed is fed to industrial litopenaeus vannamei cultivation, the urechis unicinctus ecological compound feed is supplemented to the urechis unicinctus cultivation in the urechis unicinctus soil pond, and the basic nutritional ingredients consist of the following raw materials in percentage by weight:

bean pulp: 18 percent; sargassum powder: 17.88 percent; kelp powder: 10 percent;

white fish meal: 10 percent; sea green vegetable powder: 10 percent; sargassum thunbergii powder: 10 percent;

shrimp chaff: 8 percent; scallop powder: 8 percent; spirulina powder: 3 percent;

dunaliella salina powder: 4.5 percent; emulsifying astaxanthin: 0.2 percent; lutein extract: 0.2 percent;

0.2% of corn citric acid residues; 0.02 percent of allicin.

And (3) performing ecological matching on the urechis unicinctus, supplementing the bait, fully mixing the raw materials, crushing by 80 meshes, and drying in a drying device at 75 ℃ until the water content is 11% to obtain the urechis unicinctus food. The urechis unicinctus ecological coordination bait supplementation is carried out twice a day, the daily bait dosage is 2% of the weight of the urechis unicinctus, 5% of a microecological preparation is added 3 days before the feeding, and the microecological preparation is subjected to closed fermentation treatment and consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight:

54% of Angel yeast; marine rhodotorula: 30 percent; lactic acid bacteria: 8 percent; 8% of bacillus;

the outdoor soil pool A is sprayed with lactobacillus and bacillus brown sugar fermentation liquor once every 10 am, the ratio of the lactobacillus to the bacillus is 1:1, and the water concentration in each square is 3 g. The outdoor soil pond B is supplemented with the freeze-dried powder of the golden algae and the chlorella once a day at 10 am, the weight ratio is 1:1, and the number of the algae cells in each water body reaches 125. And when the outdoor soil pool B is used for feeding, the micro-nano bubble generator is used for oxygenating for 3 hours. The result shows that the ecological complementarity of the urechis unicinctus in the culture process is utilized for mixed culture, the space layering of the ecological structure of the culture pond is increased, and the stability of the environment of the culture pond is improved, so that the aims of high yield, high efficiency and environmental protection are fulfilled.

Experiment 1: water quality improvement of culture pond

After 8 months of continuous measurement, the average value is calculated, and the water quality of the outdoor soil pond A is found to be obviously superior to that of the tail water discharged by the indoor cement pond culture, while the water quality of the outdoor soil pond B reaches the standard that the indoor cement pond can be recycled.

Experiment 2: growth of urechis unicinctus

The method comprises the steps of utilizing a soil pond near a source breeding farm of the Yunhai as a control to develop urechis unicinctus breeding in the soil pond with the similar size and water depth, enabling the water depth of the soil pond of the control group to be 1.3-1.4 meters, enabling the area to be close to 2 hectares, putting urechis unicinctus seedlings in 5 months, and performing spot inspection in 9 months.

。