阅读说明：本技术 3d打印空气舵及加工方法 (3D printing air vane and processing method ) 是由 夏鹏 许斌 许泉 曾清香 吴烁 史晓鸣 胡珊 王波兰 于 2021-08-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种3D打印空气舵及加工方法,包括：空气舵外壳、空气舵骨架以及空气舵舵轴；所述空气舵外壳一侧连接所述空气舵舵轴,所述空气舵外壳内部安装所述空气舵骨架。本装置采用波浪型结构空气舵骨架,相比于传统骨架结构,降低了舵面质量,同时,波浪型空气舵骨架与空气舵外壳形成三角形承力结构,与传统骨架结构相比,降低了结构质量的同时提升了空气舵的承载效率。(The invention provides a 3D printing air vane and a processing method thereof, wherein the processing method comprises the following steps: the air rudder comprises an air rudder shell, an air rudder framework and an air rudder shaft; one side of the air rudder shell is connected with the air rudder shaft, and the air rudder framework is installed inside the air rudder shell. This device adopts wave type structure air vane skeleton, compares in traditional skeleton texture, has reduced the rudder face quality, and simultaneously, wave type air vane skeleton forms triangle-shaped load-carrying structure with the air vane shell, compares with traditional skeleton texture, has promoted the bearing efficiency of air vane when having reduced structural quality.)

1. A3D printing air vane, comprising: the air rudder comprises an air rudder shell (1), an air rudder framework (2) and an air rudder shaft (3);

one side of the air rudder shell (1) is connected with the air rudder shaft (3), and the air rudder framework (2) is installed inside the air rudder shell (1);

the air rudder shell (1), the air rudder framework (2) and the air rudder shaft (3) are printed and formed through 3D printing equipment (7).

2. The 3D printing air vane of claim 1, wherein: the air rudder shell (1) is arranged into a sweepback trapezoidal cube;

the swept-back trapezoidal cube comprises: a first side (11) and a second side (12);

the first side surface (11) and the second side surface (12) are arranged in a trapezoidal shape with the same shape;

the waist parts of the first side surface (11) and the second side surface (12) corresponding to each other are connected to form a front edge (13), and the first side surface (11) and the second side surface (12) are placed in an included angle through the front edge (13);

the first side surface (11) and the second side surface (12) are connected with each other through a first plane and form a rear edge (15), and the first plane is perpendicular to the first side surface (11) and the second side surface (12);

the first side surface (11) and the second side surface (12) are connected through a second plane and form a sharp chord (14) corresponding to the upper bottom;

the corresponding lower bottoms of the first side surface (11) and the second side surface (12) are connected through a third plane to form a root string (16);

the second and third planes are arranged in a triangle and perpendicular to the first and second sides (11, 12).

3. The 3D printing air vane of claim 2, wherein: the first side surface (11) and the second side surface (12) are both provided with folded surfaces, and the included angle between the first side surface (11) and the second side surface (12) connected with the front edge (13) is increased through the folded surfaces;

and a fillet is arranged at the front edge (13).

4. The 3D printing air vane of claim 2, wherein: the first side (11), the second side (12), the first plane, the second plane, and the third plane are connected and form a cavity;

the air rudder skeleton (2) is arranged in the cavity.

5. The 3D printing air vane of claim 4, characterized in that the air vane skeleton (2) comprises: a cross beam (5) and a longitudinal beam (6);

the cross beams (5) and the longitudinal beams (6) are provided with a plurality of cross beams and are arranged in a staggered mode to form a net shape;

the transverse beam (5) and the longitudinal beam (6) are connected with the front edge (13), the sharp chord (14), the rear edge (15) and the root chord (16).

6. The 3D printing air vane of claim 5, wherein: the cross beam (5) and the longitudinal beam (6) are arranged in a wave shape;

the wave shape is provided with wave crests and wave troughs, and the wave crests and the wave troughs are connected with the first side surface (11) and the second side surface (12) and form a local triangle.

7. The 3D printing air vane of claim 6, wherein: a gap is arranged between the cross beam (5) and the longitudinal beam (6).

8. The 3D printing air vane of claim 7, wherein: a through hole (4) is formed in the root string (16), and the through hole (4) is communicated with the cavity;

the through holes (4) are provided in plurality.

9. The 3D printing air vane of claim 2, wherein: the rudder air shaft (3) is arranged on the root chord (16);

one end of the air rudder shaft (3) is provided with a first cylinder, the first cylinder extends out of a second cylinder to one side along the axial direction, and the diameter of the first cylinder is larger than that of the second cylinder;

the side surface of the second cylinder is provided with a plurality of convex edges;

the air rudder shell (1), the air rudder framework (2) and the air rudder shaft (3) are connected in an integrated forming mode.

10. A method of manufacturing a 3D printed air vane as claimed in claim 8, comprising the steps of:

step S1, preparing metal powder for 3D printing forming, processing the three-dimensional model of the air vane, filling holes and chamfers which are inconvenient for direct 3D printing forming, performing deformation simulation analysis on the model, obtaining the deformation of the air vane possibly generated in the 3D printing forming process, and adding allowance to the part which is possibly deformed on the process model;

step S2, determining a process model and forming process parameters, and carrying out selective laser melting forming by the 3D printing equipment (7) according to the process parameters;

step S3, removing the metal powder enclosed in the cavity in the forming process through the through hole (4);

step S4, carrying out solid solution and double aging heat treatment on the produced blank, and removing the base plate and the supporting structure in the forming process of the structure of the blank subjected to heat treatment;

step S5, carrying out X-ray damage detection on the air rudder to ensure that the interior of the air rudder has no defect;

step S6 is to finish the chamfer and the round hole portion and to perform surface treatment on the air vane.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of aerospace, in particular to a 3D printing air vane and a processing method thereof.

Background

The air rudder is an important component of aircrafts such as missiles, rockets and the like, and mainly generates additional aerodynamic force and control moment for the mass center of the missiles, so that the flight direction of the aircrafts is changed and maintained. As the aircraft's flight speed increases rapidly, the aerodynamic loads experienced by the air rudders increase dramatically. The traditional air rudder adopts a pure metal solid structure, and has the defects of heavy structure weight and low bearing capacity. In order to enable a larger aerodynamic load, the mass of the air rudder is reduced as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the rigidity of the air rudder, Liu Dong Wei and the like indicate that currently, the air rudder mostly adopts an integral sandwich type structure, a skin skeleton type structure and a sandwich type structure in the literature (Liu Dong Wei, Zhang Peng and the like, technical development of an air missile rudder wing surface [ J ]. an aviation weapon, 2010 (01)). However, these structural forms have a series of problems. The integral sandwich type structure is only suitable for the air rudder with larger thickness, and the increase of the thickness of the air rudder can cause the increase of air resistance, thus being not beneficial to the high-speed flight of an aircraft; the skin skeleton type structure and the sandwich type structure have the advantages that the requirements on the size of each part of the air rudder are fine, the processing requirements are high, and the parts of the air rudder are connected together in a welding mode finally, so that a large number of construction periods are occupied. Therefore, a novel air rudder which is light and simple in process is needed.

Patent document CN112361894A provides an air vane for a rocket, comprising: the inner part of the lower side of the upper rudder plate is provided with an upper rudder plate rib; the inner part of the upper side of the lower rudder plate is provided with a lower rudder plate rib; the lower side of the upper rudder plate and the upper side of the lower rudder plate are combined and fixed into a whole; the upper rudder plate rib is formed by cutting the inside of the lower side of the rigid upper side plate, the lower rudder plate rib is formed by cutting the inside of the upper side of the rigid lower side plate, and the upper side of the upper rudder plate and the lower side of the lower rudder plate are skins of the air rudder.

Patent document CN108995792A provides an air rudder of a composite material structure, which includes a rudder surface and a rudder shaft, wherein the rudder surface and the rudder shaft are connected through a fastener; the rudder surface comprises a front edge, a rudder core and a heat-proof sleeve, wherein the rudder core comprises a transition structure and a main body structure, and the transition structure comprises a transition strip and an intermediate body; the front edge, the transition strip, the intermediate body and the main body structure are sequentially connected, the control surface is connected with the control shaft through the main body structure, the intermediate body and the main body structure are externally coated with the heat-proof sleeve, and the front edge, the transition strip and the heat-proof sleeve jointly form the aerodynamic shape of the air rudder.

The prior patent adopts a skin skeleton type structure and a sandwich type structure, and the process is complex and cannot solve the problem.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a 3D printing air vane and a processing method.

According to the present invention, there is provided a 3D printing air vane, comprising: the air rudder comprises an air rudder shell, an air rudder framework and an air rudder shaft;

one side of the air rudder shell is connected with the air rudder shaft, and the air rudder framework is arranged in the air rudder shell;

the air rudder shell, the air rudder skeleton and the air rudder shaft are printed and formed through 3D printing equipment.

Preferably, the air rudder housing is arranged as a swept back trapezoidal cube;

the swept-back trapezoidal cube comprises: a first side and a second side;

the first side surface and the second side surface are arranged into trapezoids with the same shape;

the first side surface and the second side surface are connected with each other corresponding to one side waist to form a front edge, and the first side surface and the second side surface are arranged at an included angle through the front edge;

the first side face and the second side face are connected through a first plane and form a rear edge, and the first plane is perpendicular to the first side face and the second side face;

the first side surface and the corresponding upper bottom of the second side surface are connected through a second plane to form a sharp chord;

the corresponding lower bottoms of the first side surface and the second side surface are connected through a third plane to form a root string;

the second and third planes are arranged in a triangle and perpendicular to the first and second sides.

Preferably, the first side surface and the second side surface are both provided with folded surfaces, and the included angle between the first side surface and the second side surface at the position where the first side surface and the second side surface are connected with the front edge is increased through the folded surfaces;

and a fillet is arranged at the front edge.

Preferably, the first side, the second side, the first plane, the second plane and the third plane are connected and form a cavity;

the air rudder skeleton is disposed in the cavity.

Preferably, the air rudder skeleton comprises: a cross beam and a longitudinal beam;

the cross beams and the longitudinal beams are provided with a plurality of cross beams and are arranged in a staggered mode to form a net shape;

the transverse beam and the longitudinal beam are connected with the front edge, the sharp chord, the rear edge and the root chord.

Preferably, the cross beams and the longitudinal beams are arranged in a wave shape;

the wave shape is provided with a wave crest and a wave trough, and the wave crest and the wave trough are connected with the first side surface and the second side surface and form a local triangle.

Preferably, a gap is provided between the cross beam and the longitudinal beam.

Preferably, a through hole is arranged at the root string and communicated with the cavity;

the through-hole is provided with a plurality of.

Preferably, the air rudder shaft is disposed on the root chord;

one end of the air rudder shaft is provided with a first cylinder, the first cylinder extends out of one side of the first cylinder along the axial direction to form a second cylinder, and the diameter of the first cylinder is larger than that of the second cylinder;

the side surface of the second cylinder is provided with a plurality of convex edges;

the air rudder shell, the air rudder framework and the air rudder shaft are connected in an integrated forming mode.

Preferably, a processing method of the 3D printing air vane includes the following steps:

step S1, preparing metal powder for 3D printing forming, processing the three-dimensional model of the air vane, filling holes and chamfers which are inconvenient for direct 3D printing forming, performing deformation simulation analysis on the model, obtaining the deformation of the air vane possibly generated in the 3D printing forming process, and adding allowance to the part which is possibly deformed on the process model;

step S2, determining a process model and forming process parameters, and carrying out selective laser melting forming by the 3D printing equipment according to the process parameters;

step S3, removing the metal powder sealed in the cavity in the forming process through the through hole;

step S4, carrying out solid solution and double aging heat treatment on the produced blank, and removing the base plate and the supporting structure in the forming process of the structure of the blank subjected to heat treatment;

step S5, carrying out X-ray damage detection on the air rudder to ensure that the interior of the air rudder has no defect;

step S6 is to finish the chamfer and the round hole portion and to perform surface treatment on the air vane.

Preferably, the included angle between the air rudder skeleton and the 3D printing layering direction is-60 degrees to 60 degrees.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. this device adopts wave type structure air vane skeleton, compares in traditional skeleton texture, has reduced the rudder face quality, and simultaneously, wave type air vane skeleton forms triangle-shaped load-carrying structure with the air vane shell, compares with traditional skeleton texture, has promoted the bearing efficiency of air vane when having reduced structural quality.

2. This device adopts 3D to print integrative forming process, compares with traditional covering skeleton formula or intermediate layer formula air vane assembly process, does not need each part to carry out the finish machining respectively, does not need to consider production and assembly precision between each part of air vane, does not need extra spiro union or welding, only needs the product to take shape the back and carry out the finish machining to individual position and repairment and can accomplish production, has greatly simplified process flow, has shortened production cycle.

Drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an air vane;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional left view of an air vane;

FIG. 3 is a schematic front cross-sectional view of an air vane;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an air vane skeleton structure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a 3D printing apparatus printing air vane;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the air vane process;

shown in the figure:

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 2 to 4, a 3D printing air vane includes: the rudder comprises an air rudder shell 1, an air rudder framework 2 and an air rudder shaft 3; air rudder axle 3 is connected to air rudder shell 1 one side, and air rudder shell 1 internally mounted air rudder skeleton 2, air rudder shell 1, air rudder skeleton 2 and air rudder axle 3 print the shaping through 3D printing apparatus 7. The air vane skeleton 2 includes: a cross beam 5 and a longitudinal beam 6; the cross beams 5 and the longitudinal beams 6 are arranged in a plurality and are staggered to form a net, and the cross beams 5 and the longitudinal beams 6 are connected with a front edge 13, a sharp chord 14, a rear edge 15 and a root chord 16. Crossbeam 5 and longeron 6 set up to the wave type, and the wave type is provided with crest and trough, and first side 11 and second side 12 are connected and form local triangle-shaped to crest and trough, sets up the clearance between crossbeam 5 and the longeron 6. The through holes 4 are formed in the root strings 16, the through holes 4 are communicated with the cavity, and the through holes 4 are multiple. The air rudder shaft 3 is arranged on the root string 16, one end of the air rudder shaft 3 is provided with a first cylinder, a second cylinder extends from the first cylinder to one side along the axial direction, the diameter of the first cylinder is larger than that of the second cylinder, and the side surface of the second cylinder is provided with a plurality of convex edges; the air rudder shell 1, the air rudder framework 2 and the air rudder shaft 3 are connected in an integrated forming mode.

As shown in fig. 1, the air rudder housing 1 is provided as a swept-back trapezoidal cube comprising: a first side 11 and a second side 12; the first side 11 and the second side 12 are arranged in a trapezoid shape with the same shape, the corresponding side waists of the first side 11 and the second side 12 are connected to form a front edge 13, the first side 11 and the second side 12 are arranged in an included angle through the front edge 13, the corresponding other side waists of the first side 11 and the second side 12 are connected through a first plane and form a rear edge 15, the first plane is perpendicular to the first side 11 and the second side 12, the corresponding upper bottoms of the first side 11 and the second side 12 are connected through a second plane and form a sharp chord 14, the corresponding lower bottoms of the first side 11 and the second side 12 are connected through a third plane and form a root chord 16, and the second plane and the third plane are arranged in a triangle shape and are perpendicular to the first side 11 and the second side 12. First side 11 and second side 12 all set up the folded surface, and first side 11 and second side 12 connect leading edge 13 department contained angle and increase through the folded surface, and leading edge 13 department sets up the fillet. The first side 11, the second side 12, the first plane, the second plane and the third plane are connected and form a cavity in which the air rudder skeleton 2 is arranged.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, a method for processing a 3D printed air vane includes the following steps: step S1, preparing metal powder for 3D printing forming, processing the three-dimensional model of the air vane, filling holes and chamfers which are inconvenient for direct 3D printing forming, performing deformation simulation analysis on the model, obtaining the deformation of the air vane possibly generated in the 3D printing forming process, and adding allowance to the possibly deformed part on the process model; step S2, determining a process model and forming process parameters, and carrying out selective laser melting forming by the 3D printing equipment 7 according to the process parameters; step S3, removing the metal powder sealed in the cavity in the forming process through the through hole 4; step S4, carrying out solid solution and double aging heat treatment on the produced blank, and removing the base plate and the supporting structure in the forming process of the structure of the blank subjected to heat treatment; step S5, carrying out X-ray damage detection on the air rudder to ensure that the interior of the air rudder is free of defects; in step S6, the chamfer and the round hole portion are finished, and the surface treatment is performed on the air vane housing 1.

Example 2

Example 2 is a preferred example of example 1.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a 3D printing air vane includes: air vane shell 1, air vane skeleton 2 and air vane rudder axle 3, air vane shell 1, air vane skeleton 2 and air vane rudder axle 3 only distinguish each part of air vane with the functionality, and whole air vane is in fact that 3D prints the in-process integrated into one piece, does not need extra spiro union or welding process. The air rudder shell 1 is a swept-back trapezoidal cube with two sides obliquely folded outwards, a hollow interior and a rounded front edge, and through holes 4 are formed in the front and rear positions of a root string 16 of the air rudder shell 1 respectively and used for discharging metal powder remaining in the air rudder in the 3D printing and integral forming process of the air rudder; the air vane framework 2 is composed of a cross beam 5 and a longitudinal beam 6, the cross beam 5 and the longitudinal beam 6 are mutually staggered, included angles between the cross beam 5 and the longitudinal beam 6 and a 3D printing layer direction are-60 degrees, the front end and the rear end of the cross beam 5 and the front end and the rear end of the longitudinal beam 6 are connected with a front edge 13, a rear edge 15, a sharp chord 14 and a root chord 16 of the air vane, the cross beam 5 and the longitudinal beam 6 are both in a wave-shaped structure, wave crests and wave troughs of the beams are respectively connected with a first side surface 11 and a second side surface 12 of the air vane, a local triangular bearing structure is formed, the bearing capacity is improved while the quality of the air vane is reduced, and meanwhile gaps are arranged between bulkheads formed inside the wave-shaped cross beam 5 and the longitudinal beam 6 and are mutually communicated, so that metal powder remained inside the air vane can conveniently circulate to through holes 4 at the root chord 16.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, a 3D printing laser selective melting forming process is adopted in a manufacturing method of a 3D printing air vane, and the specific process flow thereof includes: step S1, preparing metal powder for air vane 3D printing forming; step S2, processing the three-dimensional model of the air vane, filling holes and chamfers which are not convenient for direct 3D printing and forming, carrying out deformation simulation analysis on the model, obtaining the deformation of the air vane possibly generated in the 3D printing and forming process, and adding allowance to the part which is possibly deformed on the process model; step S3, determining a process model and forming process parameters; step S4, according to the technological parameters, the 3D printing equipment 7 carries out selective laser melting forming; step S5, removing the metal powder sealed inside the air rudder in the forming process through the two through holes 4 of the root chord 16; step S6, carrying out solid solution and double aging heat treatment on the produced blank; step S7, removing the base plate and the supporting structure in the forming process of the structure of the blank piece after heat treatment; step S8, carrying out X-ray damage detection on the control surface to ensure that the interior of the 3D printing air rudder is free of defects; in step S9, the control surface chamfer, the circular hole, and the like are finished, and the air vane is subjected to surface treatment.

Specifically, in the embodiment, the air rudder 3D printing laying direction extends from the trailing edge 15 to the leading edge 13, the included angle between the cross beam 5 and the trailing edge 15 is 45 °, the included angle between the longitudinal beam 6 and the trailing edge 15 is-45 °, and the included angle between the transverse beam and the longitudinal beam is 90 °.

In the embodiment, the air rudder is processed in the chord length direction with the rear edge 15 as the bottom, and 4 air rudders can be arranged according to the size of the 3D printing device 7, that is, 4 air rudders are produced at a time; according to the actual production process of the embodiment, the construction period of 3D printing blank forming is 2 weeks, the heat treatment construction period is 1 week, the final finish machining construction period is 1 week, and the total construction period of four air rudders is 1 month; the production and finish machining period of each component of the traditional skin skeleton type or sandwich type air rudder is more than 1 month, the final assembly, screw connection and welding require 1 month, and the total construction period of the single air rudder is 2 months. The method can greatly shorten the processing period of the product and accelerate the progress of the product.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.

The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.