阅读说明：本技术 一种适用于氢燃料电池汽车的氢气再循环装置 (Hydrogen gas recirculation device suitable for hydrogen fuel cell automobile ) 是由 李雪 李鹏飞 张虹 马朝臣 于 2021-08-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种适用于氢燃料电池汽车的氢气再循环装置,包括：高压氢气储存罐、氢气循环装置、氢气处理装置和燃料电池,氢气循环装置包括涡轮和压气机,涡轮与压气机同轴传动连接,高压氢气储存罐通过高压送气管与涡轮进气口连通,压气机的进气口与燃料电池通过低压进气管连通,压气机的排气口通过排气管与氢气处理装置连通,且排气管与涡轮的排气口连通；本发明利用高压氢气所储存的压力能驱动涡轮进而带动压气机进行氢气再循环,无相对运动件之间的密封,克服了传统电机驱动氢气循环泵需要外装电机、氢气泄露以及氢气污染的问题,同时回收利用了高压氢气的压力能,提高了燃料电池系统整体能量利用率。(The invention discloses a hydrogen gas recirculation device suitable for a hydrogen fuel cell automobile, which comprises: the hydrogen circulating device comprises a turbine and a gas compressor, the turbine is in coaxial transmission connection with the gas compressor, the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is communicated with a gas inlet of the turbine through a high-pressure gas supply pipe, the gas inlet of the gas compressor is communicated with the fuel cell through a low-pressure gas inlet pipe, a gas outlet of the gas compressor is communicated with the hydrogen processing device through a gas outlet pipe, and the gas outlet pipe is communicated with a gas outlet of the turbine; the invention utilizes the pressure energy stored by the high-pressure hydrogen to drive the turbine so as to drive the gas compressor to recycle the hydrogen, has no seal between relative moving parts, overcomes the problems that the traditional motor-driven hydrogen circulating pump needs to be externally provided with a motor, the hydrogen leaks and the hydrogen is polluted, simultaneously recycles the pressure energy of the high-pressure hydrogen, and improves the integral energy utilization rate of a fuel cell system.)

1. A hydrogen gas recirculation apparatus suitable for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, comprising: high-pressure hydrogen holding vessel, hydrogen circulating device (1), hydrogen processing apparatus (4) and fuel cell (5), hydrogen circulating device (1) includes turbine (2) and compressor (3), turbine (2) with compressor (3) coaxial drive is connected, high-pressure hydrogen holding vessel through high-pressure air feed pipe (11) with turbine (2) air inlet intercommunication, the air inlet of compressor (3) with fuel cell (5) are through low pressure intake pipe (31) intercommunication, the gas vent of compressor (3) pass through blast pipe (10) with hydrogen processing apparatus (4) intercommunication, just blast pipe (10) still with the gas vent intercommunication of turbine (2), hydrogen processing apparatus (4) with through the tube coupling between fuel cell (5).

2. The hydrogen gas recirculation apparatus for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a pressure regulating valve (111) and a flow regulating valve (112) are provided in the high pressure feed pipe (11) at the air inlet of the turbine (2).

3. The hydrogen gas recirculation apparatus for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the connecting shaft of the turbine (2) and the compressor (3) is provided with a gas hydrostatic bearing, and the gas hydrostatic bearing is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen gas storage tank through a gas feed pipe (12).

4. A hydrogen gas recirculation apparatus adapted to a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in accordance with claim 3, wherein said gas feed pipe (12) is provided with a pressure regulating valve (111).

5. The hydrogen gas recirculation device suitable for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that a steam-water separator (6) is connected to the low-pressure intake pipe (31).

6. A hydrogen recirculation device adapted to a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in accordance with claim 1, wherein a pressure reducing valve (7) is provided in the exhaust pipe (10) at the inlet end of the hydrogen processing device (4).

7. The hydrogen recirculation device suitable for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising an ejector (8), wherein the ejector (8) is connected in parallel with the hydrogen recirculation device (1), and two ends of the ejector are respectively communicated with the low-pressure inlet pipe (31) and the exhaust pipe (10).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of energy recovery devices for hydrogen energy vehicles, in particular to a hydrogen gas recycling device suitable for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.

Background

In hydrogen fuel cells, maintaining water balance within the membrane electrode is important to the life of the stack. On the one hand, too low water content leads to "dry membranes", which are not conducive to the transport of protons across the membrane; on the other hand, the excessive water content can cause the liquid water to gather, thereby generating a 'flooding' phenomenon, hindering the diffusion of gas in the porous medium and causing the output voltage of the galvanic pile to be reduced. In addition, the continual accumulation of impurity gases that permeate from the cathode side to the anode can cause catalyst "poisoning," reducing catalytic activity, resulting in significant stack performance degradation.

In view of the above problems of liquid water accumulation and gas permeation, a hydrogen discharge method is generally used to discharge water and accumulated impurity gases generated inside the stack. The hydrogen discharge frequency is too low, so that water blockage and impurity gas accumulation are easily caused, and the performance of the galvanic pile is reduced; too high a hydrogen discharge frequency causes hydrogen waste, reduces fuel utilization rate, and brings potential danger. In order to ensure the stable and efficient operation of the fuel cell and improve the utilization rate of hydrogen, a hydrogen circulation method is generally adopted, namely, after the hydrogen brings out water generated in the galvanic pile, liquid water is separated by a water-gas separation device, the hydrogen is circularly sent back to the anode of the galvanic pile for reuse, and meanwhile, the fresh hydrogen can be humidified by higher saturated water vapor content in the circulating hydrogen.

The current main hydrogen circulation modes comprise a single-stage ejector, a two-stage ejector in parallel connection, a single-stage circulating pump, an ejector and a circulating pump in parallel connection and the like, and the circulation effect is improved by optimizing the ejector structure, the control strategy and the like on the basis. The ejector continuously sucks and ejects the ejected gas by utilizing the pressure difference caused by high-speed ejection of the working fluid, has no moving part, simple structure, reliable operation, no parasitic power and higher reliability, but has poor ejection effect under low-power load, namely cannot play a better circulation effect under low hydrogen flow. On the one hand, there is a large amount of sealings in current hydrogen circulating pump mostly, and including the dynamic seal between the relative motion piece, because sealing technique's restriction, can produce partly hydrogen cyclic loss from this, reduce hydrogen utilization ratio, cause the energy extravagant. On the one hand, the lubricating medium of current hydrogen circulating pump adopts lubricating oil or other gas, uses the back for a long time, and lubricating medium can reveal, not only can reduce lubricated effect, wholly produces irreversible harm to the circulating pump, and can lead to the fact the pollution to the hydrogen in the circulating pump, weakens the circulation effect, reduces energy utilization.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a hydrogen recycling device suitable for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, which utilizes a turbine system to recycle the pressure energy of high-pressure hydrogen and drives a gas compressor to pressurize and recycle the unreacted hydrogen completely, overcomes the problems that a traditional motor drives a hydrogen circulating pump and needs to be externally provided with a motor, hydrogen leaks and lubricating oil is polluted, recycles the pressure energy of the high-pressure hydrogen and improves the overall energy utilization rate of a fuel cell system.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a hydrogen gas recirculation apparatus suitable for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, comprising:

high-pressure hydrogen holding vessel, hydrogen circulating device, hydrogen processing apparatus and fuel cell, hydrogen circulating device includes turbine and compressor, the turbine with compressor coaxial drive is connected, high-pressure hydrogen holding vessel pass through the high-pressure air feed pipe with the turbine air inlet intercommunication, the air inlet of compressor with fuel cell passes through low pressure intake pipe intercommunication, the gas vent of compressor pass through the blast pipe with hydrogen processing apparatus intercommunication, just the blast pipe with the gas vent intercommunication of turbine, hydrogen processing apparatus with through the tube coupling between the fuel cell.

Furthermore, a pressure regulating valve and a flow regulating valve are arranged on the high-pressure air supply pipe at the air inlet of the turbine. The pressure balance of the hydrogen pressure at the outlet of the turbine and the pressure balance of the medium-pressure hydrogen are realized, and the turbine is adjusted to do work through flow so as to achieve the effects of the same expansion ratio and different outlet pressures, so that the stable output of the medium-pressure hydrogen is realized, the circulation effect is improved, and the hydrogen utilization rate is improved.

Further, a gas hydrostatic bearing is arranged on a connecting shaft of the turbine and the gas compressor, and the gas hydrostatic bearing is connected with the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank through a gas supply pipe. The bearing lubricating gas is high-pressure hydrogen, and the high-pressure hydrogen is introduced into the bearing to realize gas static pressure lubrication, so that compared with the traditional dynamic pressure bearing, the bearing lubricating gas is simple in process and does not need special design; and high-pressure hydrogen for lubrication leaks into the turbine and the compressor, and is finally merged into medium-pressure hydrogen to enter the galvanic pile for reaction.

Further, a pressure regulating valve is arranged on the air supply pipe.

Furthermore, a steam-water separator is connected to the low-pressure air inlet pipe.

Furthermore, a pressure reducing valve is arranged on an exhaust pipe at the air inlet end of the hydrogen treatment device.

The hydrogen circulating device is connected with the low-pressure air inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe in parallel, and the two ends of the ejector are communicated with the low-pressure air inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe respectively.

According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the pressure energy hydrogen recirculation device suitable for the hydrogen fuel cell automobile is provided, high-pressure hydrogen enters the turbine to drive the turbine to rotate, the pressure energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the turbine, and the turbine drives the gas compressor coaxial with the turbine; hydrogen which is not completely reacted in the fuel cell is sucked in by the gas compressor, and the gas compressor inputs the low-pressure hydrogen into the hydrogen processing device for recycling after pressurizing the low-pressure hydrogen;

the invention utilizes the pressure energy stored by the high-pressure hydrogen to drive the turbine so as to drive the gas compressor to recycle the hydrogen, omits a motor, has compact device, complete internal circulation and no sealing between relative moving parts, overcomes the problems that the traditional motor-driven hydrogen circulating pump needs to be externally provided with a motor, hydrogen leaks and hydrogen pollution, simultaneously recycles the pressure energy of the high-pressure hydrogen, and improves the overall energy utilization rate of a fuel cell system.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a hydrogen gas recirculation apparatus suitable for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.

Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a hydrogen gas recirculation device and a steam-water separator which are connected in series and are suitable for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.

Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a hydrogen gas recirculation device and a pressure reducing valve in series suitable for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.

Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a hydrogen gas recirculation device and an ejector in parallel connection suitable for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.

Wherein:

1-a hydrogen gas circulation device; 2-a turbine; 3, an air compressor; 4-a hydrogen treatment unit; 5-a fuel cell; 6-steam-water separator; 7-a pressure reducing valve; 8-an ejector; 10-an exhaust pipe; 11-high pressure air supply pipe; 12-an air supply pipe; 111-pressure regulating valve; 112-a flow regulating valve; 31-low pressure inlet pipe.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1, there is disclosed a hydrogen circulation device without external power consumption suitable for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, comprising: the hydrogen circulating device 1 comprises a turbine 2 and a compressor 3; the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is communicated with an air inlet of the turbine 2 through a high-pressure air supply pipe 11, the high-pressure hydrogen enters the turbine 2 to drive the turbine 2 to rotate, pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy of the turbine 2, and the turbine 2 drives a compressor 3 which is coaxial with the turbine 2; unreacted hydrogen in the fuel cell 5 is sucked in by the compressor 3 through the low-pressure air inlet pipe 31, and the low-pressure hydrogen is pressurized by the compressor 3 and then is input into the hydrogen treatment device 4 through the exhaust pipe 10 for recycling; meanwhile, the medium-pressure hydrogen discharged by the turbine 2 is also input into the hydrogen treatment device 4 through the exhaust pipe 10; passes through the hydrogen treatment device 4 to reach a suitable temperature and pressure, and finally flows into the fuel cell 5 to perform electrochemical reaction.

In order to further improve the scheme, the pressure regulating valve 111 and the flow regulating valve 112 are arranged on the high-pressure air supply pipe 11 at the air inlet of the turbine 2, so that the pressure balance between the hydrogen pressure at the outlet of the turbine and the pressure of the medium-pressure hydrogen is realized, and the turbine is regulated by the flow to do work, so that the effects of the same expansion ratio and different outlet pressures are achieved, the stable output of the medium-pressure hydrogen is realized, the circulation effect is improved, and the hydrogen utilization rate is improved.

More advantageously, the connecting shaft of the turbine 2 and the compressor 3 is provided with a gas hydrostatic bearing, the gas hydrostatic bearing is connected with a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank through a gas supply pipe 12, and the gas supply pipe 12 is provided with a pressure regulating valve 111; the bearing lubricating gas is high-pressure hydrogen, and the high-pressure hydrogen is introduced into the bearing to realize gas static pressure lubrication, so that compared with the traditional dynamic pressure bearing, the bearing lubricating gas is simple in process and does not need special design; and high-pressure hydrogen for lubrication leaks into the turbine and the compressor, and is finally merged into medium-pressure hydrogen to enter the galvanic pile for reaction.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 2, a hydrogen circulation device suitable for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle without external power consumption includes: the device comprises a hydrogen circulating device 1, a hydrogen processing device 4, a fuel cell 5 and a steam-water separator 6, wherein the hydrogen circulating device 1 comprises a turbine 2 and a compressor 3, and the hydrogen circulating device 1 and the steam-water separator 6 are connected in series in the case.

The high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is communicated with an air inlet of the turbine 2 through a high-pressure air supply pipe 11, the high-pressure hydrogen enters the turbine 2 to drive the turbine 2 to rotate, pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy of the turbine 2, and the turbine 2 drives a compressor 3 which is coaxial with the turbine 2; unreacted hydrogen in the fuel cell 5 enters the steam-water separator 6 to separate liquid water, the hydrogen is sucked by the compressor 3 through the low-pressure air inlet pipe 31, and other connecting structures are the same as those in the embodiment 1.

The invention utilizes the pressure energy stored by the high-pressure hydrogen to drive the turbine 2 so as to drive the compressor 3 to recycle the hydrogen, thereby overcoming the problems that the traditional motor-driven hydrogen circulating pump needs to be externally provided with a motor, hydrogen leaks and hydrogen pollution, simultaneously recycling the pressure energy of the high-pressure hydrogen, and improving the overall energy utilization rate of the fuel cell system; meanwhile, the steam-water separator can reduce the damage of hydrogen containing liquid micro water drops to the compressor.

Embodiment 3

As shown in fig. 3, a hydrogen circulation device suitable for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle without external power consumption includes: the hydrogen recycling device 1 comprises a turbine 2 and a compressor 3, wherein the hydrogen recycling device 1 is connected with the pressure reducing valve 7 in series; the specific structure is the same as that of the embodiment 2, except that a pressure reducing valve 7 is arranged on an exhaust pipe 10 at the air inlet end of the hydrogen treatment device 4; when the fuel cell automobile runs at high power, the medium-pressure hydrogen output by the turbine 2 and the medium-pressure hydrogen output by the compressor 3 simultaneously flow through the pressure reducing valve 7 to be reduced in pressure and then are input into the hydrogen processing device 4, and finally flow into the fuel cell 5 to carry out electrochemical reaction after reaching proper temperature and pressure through the hydrogen processing device 4; the pressure reducing valve 7 can stabilize and output the medium-pressure hydrogen with different pressures output by the turbine 2 and the compressor 3, so that the energy utilization rate is improved.

Example 4

As shown in fig. 4, a hydrogen circulation device suitable for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle without consuming external power includes: the system comprises a hydrogen circulating device 1, a hydrogen treatment device 4, a fuel cell 5 and an ejector 8, wherein the hydrogen circulating device 1 and the ejector 8 are connected in parallel, and specifically, two ends of the ejector 8 are respectively communicated with a low-pressure air inlet pipe 31 and an exhaust pipe 10; the other structure is the same as embodiment 1 or embodiment 3.

When the flow is small, high-pressure hydrogen enters the turbine 2 to drive the turbine 2 to rotate, pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy of the turbine 2, and the turbine 2 drives the compressor 3 which is coaxial with the turbine 2; unreacted hydrogen in the fuel cell 5 is sucked in by the gas compressor 3, and the gas compressor 3 pressurizes low-pressure hydrogen and inputs the pressurized low-pressure hydrogen into the hydrogen treatment device 4 for recycling; when the flow is large, the incompletely reacted hydrogen output by the fuel cell is circularly conveyed to the fuel cell 5 through the ejector 8, so that the energy utilization rate is improved.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.