Soft polyurethane foam plastic for automobile seat and preparation method and application thereof
阅读说明：本技术 一种汽车座椅用软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料及其制备方法和应用 (Soft polyurethane foam plastic for automobile seat and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 郭磊 任东辉 王文超 郝宽发 郭修瑞 刘扶民 刘海超 刘功旭 郭守运 白立臣 于 2021-09-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种汽车座椅用软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料及其制备方法和应用,涉及聚氨酯废料回收利用技术领域。本发明提供的汽车座椅用软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备原料包括A组分(聚醚多元醇、聚氨酯泡沫废料活化微粉、胺类催化剂、交联剂和发泡剂)和B组分(异氰酸酯)。强剪切挤压拉伸活化使机械能作用于聚氨酯链段上产生极高内应力,导致氢键及分子结构中键能较弱的化学键发生一定程度的断裂,交联密度降低,提高了物料的表观活化能；同时发生机械力化学反应产生醇类端基,物料反应活性增加,将该活化微粉用于制备聚氨酯软泡能实现聚氨酯废料的高附加值资源化利用,且聚氨酯软泡性能优异,同时还能减少制备聚氨酯软泡时聚醚多元醇的用量。(The invention provides a soft polyurethane foam plastic for an automobile seat and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of polyurethane waste recycling. The preparation raw materials of the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat comprise a component A (polyether polyol, polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder, amine catalyst, cross-linking agent and foaming agent) and a component B (isocyanate). The strong shearing, extrusion, stretching and activation enable the mechanical energy to act on the polyurethane chain segment to generate extremely high internal stress, so that the hydrogen bond and the chemical bond with weaker bond energy in the molecular structure are broken to a certain extent, the crosslinking density is reduced, and the apparent activation energy of the material is improved; meanwhile, the mechanical force chemical reaction is carried out to generate alcohol end groups, the material reaction activity is increased, the activated micro powder is used for preparing the polyurethane soft foam, the high added value resource utilization of polyurethane waste materials can be realized, the polyurethane soft foam has excellent performance, and the consumption of polyether glycol in the preparation of the polyurethane soft foam can be reduced.)
1. A flexible polyurethane foam for automobile seats is characterized by comprising a component A and a component B;
the component A comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of polyether polyol; 5-25 parts of polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder; 0.1-1 part of amine catalyst; 0.2-1 part of a crosslinking agent; 5-20 parts of a foaming agent; the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder is obtained by mechanically shearing the polyurethane foam waste for the sofa in the air atmosphere;
the component B is isocyanate; the mass ratio of the polyether polyol to the isocyanate is 1: 0.1 to 0.4.
2. The flexible polyurethane foam for an automobile seat according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the mechanical shearing is 50 to 85 ℃ and the linear velocity is 10 to 60 m/min.
3. The flexible polyurethane foam for an automobile seat according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the particle size of the fine polyurethane foam waste activated powder is 40 to 400 mesh.
4. The flexible polyurethane foam for an automobile seat according to claim 1, wherein the polyether polyol has a number average molecular weight of 1000 to 6000.
5. The flexible polyurethane foam for automobile seats according to claim 1, wherein the isocyanate comprises one or more of toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polyphenylmethane polyisocyanate, naphthalene-1, 5-diisocyanate, methylcyclohexyl diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate.
6. The flexible polyurethane foam for automobile seats according to claim 1, wherein the amine-based catalyst comprises one or more of triethylenediamine, dimethylethanolamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, diethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N' -tetramethylmethylenediamine, and bis (dimethylaminoethyl) ether.
7. The flexible polyurethane foam for automobile seats according to claim 1, wherein the crosslinking agent comprises one or more of diethanolamine, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, 1,2, 6-hexanetriol and pentaerythritol.
8. The flexible polyurethane foam for automobile seats according to claim 1, wherein the blowing agent comprises one or more of water, a blowing agent 141B, cyclopentane, n-pentane and isopentane.
9. A process for producing a flexible polyurethane foam for automobile seats as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, which comprises the steps of:
mixing polyether polyol, polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder, an amine catalyst, a cross-linking agent and a foaming agent to obtain a component A;
and mixing the component A and isocyanate, carrying out foaming reaction, and curing the obtained foaming reaction product to obtain the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat.
10. Use of the flexible polyurethane foam for automobile seats according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or the flexible polyurethane foam for automobile seats obtained by the production method according to claim 9 in automobile seats.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polyurethane waste recycling, in particular to a soft polyurethane foam plastic for an automobile seat and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Polyurethane is one of the most widely used polymer materials in the world today, and has wide application in the fields of foam, elastomer, plastic, adhesive, paint and the like. The soft polyurethane foam plastic, polyurethane soft foam for short, generally has the properties of low density, good elastic recovery, sound absorption, ventilation, heat preservation and the like, and is mainly used as furniture cushion materials, vehicle seat cushion materials and various soft liner laminated composite materials. With the increasing production and consumption of polyurethane flexible foams year by year, the elimination amount of a large number of polyurethane flexible foam products is increased sharply, the environmental pressure caused in China is obvious, and the problem of how to recycle the polyurethane waste materials in an environment-friendly and efficient manner is slowly a problem in the polyurethane industry.
Chinese patent CN112280095A discloses a method for recycling waste polyurethane, which comprises the steps of carrying out crushing pretreatment on the waste polyurethane, putting the pretreated polyurethane into a swelling and dissolving solvent for swelling and dissolving, removing the swelling and dissolving solvent, and preparing the polyurethane after removing the swelling and dissolving solvent into functional materials with different utilization values. The whole process flow of recycling the waste polyurethane is simple, the conditions are mild, and the energy consumption is low. However, in the prior art, a large amount of organic solvent is consumed to swell and dissolve the pretreated polyurethane, and then the polyurethane product is prepared, so that the production cost of the polyurethane product is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flexible polyurethane foam for an automobile seat, a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a soft polyurethane foam plastic for an automobile seat, which comprises a component A and a component B;
the component A comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of polyether polyol; 5-25 parts of polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder; 0.1-1 part of amine catalyst; 0.2-1 part of a crosslinking agent; 5-20 parts of a foaming agent; the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder is obtained by mechanically shearing the polyurethane foam waste for the sofa in the air atmosphere;
the component B is isocyanate; the mass ratio of the polyether polyol to the isocyanate is 1: 0.1 to 0.4.
Preferably, the temperature of the mechanical shearing is 50-85 ℃, and the linear speed is 10-60 m/min.
Preferably, the particle size of the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder is 40-400 meshes.
Preferably, the number average molecular weight of the polyether polyol is 1000-6000.
Preferably, the isocyanate includes one or more of toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polyphenylmethane polyisocyanate, naphthalene-1, 5-diisocyanate, methylcyclohexyl diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and hexamethylene diisocyanate.
Preferably, the amine catalyst comprises one or more of triethylenediamine, dimethylethanolamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, diethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N' -tetramethylmethylenediamine, and bis (dimethylaminoethyl) ether.
Preferably, the cross-linking agent comprises one or more of diethanolamine, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, 1,2, 6-hexanetriol and pentaerythritol.
Preferably, the blowing agent comprises one or more of water, blowing agent 141B, cyclopentane, n-pentane, and isopentane.
The invention provides a preparation method of the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat, which comprises the following steps:
mixing polyether polyol, polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder, an amine catalyst, a cross-linking agent and a foaming agent to obtain a component A;
and mixing the component A and isocyanate, carrying out foaming reaction, and curing the obtained foaming reaction product to obtain the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat.
The invention provides application of the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat in the technical scheme or the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat obtained by the preparation method in the technical scheme in the automobile seat.
The invention provides a soft polyurethane foam plastic for an automobile seat, which comprises a component A and a component B; the component A comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of polyether polyol; 5-25 parts of polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder; 0.1-0.6 part of amine catalyst; 0.2-0.5 part of a crosslinking agent; 5-12 parts of a foaming agent; the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder is obtained by mechanically shearing polyurethane foam waste; the mass ratio of the polyether polyol to the isocyanate is 1: 0.1 to 0.4. In the mechanical shearing process of the polyurethane foam waste, the mechanical energy and the heat energy generated by the actions of extrusion, stretching and shearing act on a polyurethane chain segment to generate extremely high internal stress, so that hydrogen bond fracture and chemical bonds (C-O bonds in carbamate groups) with weaker bond energy in a molecular structure are fractured to a certain extent, the physical crosslinking density is reduced, and the apparent activation energy of the material is improved; meanwhile, a mechanical mechanochemical reaction is carried out to generate alcohol end groups (hydroxyl groups), the reaction activity of the materials is improved, and the obtained polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder has higher apparent activation energy and end group activity. The polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder is used for preparing the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat, has better compatibility with isocyanate and polyether polyol raw materials, replaces part of polyether polyol raw materials to perform polymerization reaction with the isocyanate, reduces the using amount of polyether polyol, reduces the production cost, has little pollution and realizes high-valued recycling of polyurethane waste. Meanwhile, the use amount of each preparation raw material in the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat is controlled, so that the mechanical property and various physical property indexes of the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat meet the technical requirements of automobile seat products, the soft polyurethane foam plastic can be used as an automobile seat material, and the high added value utilization of polyurethane foam waste is realized.
The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the process operation is simple, the high added value recycling of the polyurethane soft foam waste can be realized, a new way is provided for resource utilization of the polyurethane soft foam waste, the production cost of the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat is greatly reduced, the pollution of the polyurethane foam waste to the environment is reduced, and the preparation method is suitable for industrial production.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a soft polyurethane foam plastic for an automobile seat, which comprises a component A and a component B; the component A comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of polyether polyol; 5-25 parts of polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder; 0.1-1 part of amine catalyst; 0.2-1 part of a crosslinking agent; 5-20 parts of a foaming agent; the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder is obtained by mechanically shearing the polyurethane foam waste for the sofa in the air atmosphere; the component B is isocyanate; the mass ratio of the polyether polyol to the isocyanate is 1: 0.1 to 0.4.
The invention provides a flexible polyurethane foam for automobile seats, which comprises a component A. The component A of the flexible polyurethane foam for the automobile seat comprises 100 parts by mass of polyether polyol. In the present invention, the number average molecular weight of the polyether polyol is preferably 1000 to 6000, and more preferably 2000 to 5000.
The component A of the flexible polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat comprises 5-20 parts by mass of polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder, more preferably 8-18 parts by mass of polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder, even more preferably 10-15 parts by mass of polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder, and even more preferably 12-13 parts by mass of polyether polyol. In the invention, the particle size of the polyurethane foam waste activated fine powder is preferably 40-400 meshes, and more preferably 80-150 meshes. In the invention, the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder has hydroxyl active groups, so that the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder has better compatibility with isocyanate and polyether polyol raw materials, can replace the polyether polyol raw materials to carry out polymerization reaction with the isocyanate, and reduces the using amount of the polyether polyol.
In the present invention, the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder is obtained by mechanically shearing sofa polyurethane foam waste in an air atmosphere, and specifically, the preparation method of the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder preferably includes the following steps: cutting the polyurethane foam waste for the sofa into blocks to obtain blocky polyurethane foam waste; and mechanically shearing the blocky polyurethane foam waste by utilizing mechanical shearing equipment to obtain the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder.
The polyurethane foam waste for the sofa is cut into blocks to obtain the blocky polyurethane foam waste. In the present invention, the polyurethane foam waste is preferably flexible polyurethane foam waste for sofa. The sofa polyurethane foam waste of the present invention is not particularly limited, and sofa polyurethane foam waste known to those skilled in the art may be used. Before the cutting into blocks, the polyurethane foam waste is preferably cleaned, dried and magnetically separated in the invention. The invention removes metal impurities by magnetic separation. The present invention has no particular requirement for the washing and drying process, and the washing and drying process well known in the art may be used. The present invention has no particular requirement on the cutting process. In the present invention, the shape of the polyurethane foam slabstock waste is preferably cubic, and the size of the polyurethane foam slabstock waste is preferably 10 to 100mm, more preferably 30 to 80mm, and even more preferably 40 to 50 mm.
After the massive polyurethane foam waste is obtained, the massive polyurethane foam waste is mechanically sheared by utilizing mechanical shearing equipment to obtain the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder. In the present invention, the mechanical shearing apparatus preferably includes one or more of a two-roll mechanical shear, a multi-roll mechanical shear, a calender, a single-screw extruder, a twin-screw extruder, and an open mill, and more preferably, a two-roll mechanical shear or a multi-roll mechanical shear. In the invention, the roller spacing of the double-roller mechanical shearing machine or the multi-roller mechanical shearing machine is preferably less than or equal to 1 mm; the mechanical shearing temperature is preferably 50-85 ℃, more preferably 60-80 ℃, and further preferably 65-75 ℃. The polyurethane waste material is preferably rolled for 5-30 times, so that the polyurethane waste material is fully activated. According to the invention, the polyurethane foam waste is mechanically sheared by utilizing mechanical shearing equipment, and mechanical energy and heat energy generated by extrusion, stretching and shearing actions act on a polyurethane chain segment to generate extremely high internal stress, so that hydrogen bonds are broken, and the physical crosslinking density is reduced; and meanwhile, a mechanochemical reaction is carried out, so that C-O bonds in carbamate groups with weaker bond energy in a molecular structure are broken to a certain degree, and a certain amount of hydroxyl is generated, so that the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder has higher apparent activation energy and end group activity. After the mechanical shearing is finished, the obtained fine powder is preferably dried and sieved to obtain the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder. The invention has no special requirements on the drying process, and the drying process well known in the field can be adopted; the screening is preferably by means of an air classifier.
The component A of the flexible polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat comprises 0.1-1 part of amine catalyst, preferably 0.2-0.8 part, and more preferably 0.5-0.6 part by mass of polyether polyol. In the present invention, the tertiary amine-based amine catalyst preferably includes one or more of triethylenediamine, dimethylethanolamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, diethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N' -tetramethylmethylenediamine, and bis (dimethylaminoethyl) ether; when the tertiary amine catalyst is a plurality of the above substances, the proportion of the tertiary amine catalyst does not have special requirements, and the tertiary amine catalyst can be prepared at any proportion.
Based on the mass parts of the polyether polyol, the component A of the flexible polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat comprises 0.2-1 part of a cross-linking agent, preferably 0.4-0.8 part, and more preferably 0.5-0.6 part. In the invention, the cross-linking agent preferably comprises one or more of diethanolamine, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, 1,2, 6-hexanetriol and pentaerythritol; when the cross-linking agent is a plurality of the substances, the proportion of each cross-linking agent is not specially required, and any proportion can be adopted.
The component A of the flexible polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat comprises 5-20 parts of foaming agent, preferably 8-18 parts, and more preferably 10-15 parts by mass of polyether polyol. In the present invention, the blowing agent preferably comprises one or more of water, blowing agent 141B, cyclopentane, n-pentane, and isopentane; when the foaming agent is a plurality of the above substances, the invention has no special requirements on the proportion of each foaming agent, and the proportion can be any.
The preparation raw materials of the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat comprise a component B; the component B is preferably isocyanate; the mass ratio of the polyether polyol to the isocyanate is 1: 0.1 to 0.4, more preferably 1: 0.2 to 0.3. In the present invention, the isocyanate preferably includes one or more of toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polyphenylmethane polyisocyanate, naphthalene-1, 5-diisocyanate, methylcyclohexyl diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate. When the isocyanate is a plurality of the substances, the proportion of the isocyanate does not have special requirements, and the isocyanate can be prepared in any proportion.
The invention controls the content of each component of the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat, so that the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat has excellent mechanical property.
The invention provides a preparation method of the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat, which comprises the following steps:
mixing polyether polyol, polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder, an amine catalyst, a cross-linking agent and a foaming agent to obtain a component A;
and mixing the component A and the component B, carrying out foaming reaction, and curing the obtained foaming reaction product to obtain the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat.
The component A is obtained by mixing polyether polyol, polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder, an amine catalyst, a cross-linking agent and a foaming agent. In the present invention, in the case of the present invention,
in the present invention, mixing the polyether polyol, the polyurethane foam waste activated fine powder, the amine catalyst, the crosslinking agent and the foaming agent preferably includes: firstly mixing the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder and polyether polyol, and adding an amine catalyst, a cross-linking agent and a foaming agent into the obtained first mixture for second mixing. In the invention, the first mixing is preferably carried out under the condition of stirring, and the stirring speed is preferably 1000-10000 r/min, more preferably 4000-8500 r/min, and further preferably 5000-6000 r/min; the first mixing time is preferably 10-40 min, more preferably 15-35 min, and further preferably 20-30 min; the temperature of the first mixing is preferably 25-35 ℃, more preferably 27-32 ℃, and further preferably 30 ℃; the first mixing is preferably carried out using a mechanical mixing device and/or an emulsification pump. The invention firstly mixes the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder with polyether polyol, and aims to realize homogenization mixing and low viscosity increment and simultaneously prevent air from being mixed to influence the performance of the product. In the invention, the second mixing is preferably carried out under the condition of stirring, and the stirring speed is preferably 500-2500 r/min, and more preferably 1000-2000 r/min; the second mixing time is preferably 15-25 min, more preferably 18-22 min, and further preferably 20 min; the second mixing temperature is preferably 25-35 ℃, more preferably 27-32 ℃, and further preferably 30 ℃.
After the component A is obtained, the component A and the component B are mixed and then subjected to foaming reaction, and the obtained foaming reaction product is cured to obtain the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat.
In the invention, the mixing temperature is preferably carried out under the condition of stirring, and the stirring speed is preferably 1000-2000 r/min, and more preferably 1300-1700 r/min; the mixing time is preferably 10 to 30s, more preferably 15 to 25s, and further preferably 20 s.
In the invention, the temperature of the foaming reaction is preferably 18-35 ℃, and more preferably 20-25 ℃; the time of the foaming reaction is preferably 4-12 min, and more preferably 6 min; the foaming is preferably carried out in a mould; the mold is preferably coated with a release agent before use, and the present invention is not particularly limited to the kind of the mold, and a release agent of polyurethane for automobiles, which is well known to those skilled in the art, may be used.
After the foaming reaction, the invention preferably further comprises demolding the product of the foaming reaction; the demolding method is not particularly limited, and demolding methods known to those skilled in the art can be used.
In the invention, the curing temperature is preferably 20-35 ℃, and more preferably 25-30 ℃; the curing time is preferably 12-48 h, and more preferably 24 h.
The invention provides application of the soft polyurethane foam for the automobile seat in the scheme in the automobile seat. The invention has no special requirements on the application mode, and the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat can be directly used as the automobile seat material.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
Screening, cleaning, drying and dewatering the soft polyurethane foam waste for the sofa, removing metal impurities through magnetic separation, cutting the soft polyurethane foam waste into cubic blocks with the side length of 10-100 mm by using a conventional cutting device, putting the obtained soft polyurethane foam waste for the block automobile seat into a two-roller mechanical shearing machine, carrying out mechanical shearing in air atmosphere, setting the linear speed to be 40m/min, the temperature to be 75 ℃, adjusting the roller interval to be not more than 1mm, passing the rollers for 10 times, then drying, and screening by using an air classifier to obtain the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder with the particle size of 60-80 meshes.
Stirring 10.5g of polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder and 59.5g of polyether polyol (with the number average molecular weight of 4800) for 30min at the temperature of 30 ℃ and at the speed of 6000r/min to obtain a first mixture; adding 0.35g of triethylene diamine, 0.4g of diethanolamine, 10g of foaming agent 141B and 1g of water into the first mixture, and mixing for 20min at 30 ℃ and 1200r/min to obtain a component A;
adding 24.5g of diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate into the component A, stirring for 30s at 25 ℃ and 1000r/min, pouring into a mold coated with a release agent, carrying out foaming reaction at 35 ℃ for 5min for molding, demolding, and curing at 25 ℃ for 24h to obtain the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat.
Example 2
A flexible polyurethane foam for an automobile seat was produced by the method of example 1, which is different from example 1 in that the particle size of the polyurethane foam waste activated fine powder was 80 to 100 mesh.
Example 3
A flexible polyurethane foam for an automobile seat was produced by the method of example 1, which is different from example 1 in that the particle size of the polyurethane foam waste activated fine powder was 100 to 120 mesh.
Example 4
Screening, cleaning, drying and dewatering the soft polyurethane foam waste for the sofa, removing metal impurities through magnetic separation, cutting the soft polyurethane foam waste into cubic blocks with the side length of 10-100 mm by adopting a conventional cutting device, putting the obtained soft polyurethane foam waste for the block automobile seat into a two-roller mechanical shearing machine, carrying out mechanical shearing in air atmosphere, setting the linear speed at 50m/min, the temperature at 80 ℃, adjusting the roller interval to be not more than 1mm, passing through rollers for 20 times, drying, and screening by using an air classifier to obtain the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder with the particle size of 80-120 meshes.
Stirring 10.5g of polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder and 59.5g of polyether polyol (with the number average molecular weight of 4800) for 30min at the temperature of 30 ℃ and at the speed of 6000r/min to obtain a first mixture; adding 0.35g of triethylene diamine, 0.4g of diethanolamine, 10g of foaming agent 141B and 1g of water into the first mixture, and mixing for 20min at 30 ℃ and 1200r/min to obtain a component A;
adding 24.5g of diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate into the component A, stirring for 30s at 25 ℃ and 1000r/min, pouring into a mold coated with a release agent, carrying out foaming reaction at 35 ℃ for 5min for molding, demolding, and curing at 25 ℃ for 24h to obtain the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat.
Example 5
Screening, cleaning, drying and dewatering the soft polyurethane foam waste for the sofa, removing metal impurities through magnetic separation, cutting the soft polyurethane foam waste into cubic blocks with the side length of 10-100 mm by adopting a conventional cutting device, putting the obtained soft polyurethane foam waste for the block automobile seat into a two-roller mechanical shearing machine, carrying out mechanical shearing under the air atmosphere, setting the linear speed to be 40m/min, the temperature to be 75 ℃, adjusting the roller interval to be not more than 1mm, passing the rollers for 10 times, then drying, and screening by using an air classifier to obtain the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder with the particle size of 80-120 meshes.
Stirring 10.5g of polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder and 59.5g of polyether polyol (the number average molecular weight is 4800) for 40min at the temperature of 30 ℃ and at the speed of 8000r/min to obtain a first mixture; adding 0.35g of triethylene diamine, 0.4g of diethanolamine, 10g of foaming agent 141B and 1g of water into the first mixture, and mixing for 20min at 30 ℃ and 1200r/min to obtain a component A;
adding 24.5g of diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate into the component A, stirring for 30s at 25 ℃ and 1000r/min, pouring into a mold coated with a release agent, carrying out foaming reaction at 35 ℃ for 5min for molding, demolding, and curing at 25 ℃ for 24h to obtain the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat.
Example 6
Screening, cleaning, drying and dewatering the soft polyurethane foam waste for the sofa, removing metal impurities through magnetic separation, cutting the soft polyurethane foam waste into cubic blocks with the side length of 10-100 mm by adopting a conventional cutting device, putting the obtained soft polyurethane foam waste for the block automobile seat into a two-roller mechanical shearing machine, carrying out mechanical shearing under the air atmosphere, setting the linear speed to be 40m/min, the temperature to be 75 ℃, adjusting the roller interval to be not more than 1mm, passing the rollers for 10 times, then drying, and screening by using an air classifier to obtain the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder with the particle size of 80-120 meshes.
Stirring 10.5g of polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder and 59.5g of polyether polyol (with the number average molecular weight of 4800) for 30min at the temperature of 30 ℃ and at the speed of 6000r/min by adopting an emulsion pump circulation process to obtain a first mixture; adding 0.35g of triethylene diamine, 0.4g of diethanolamine, 10g of foaming agent 141B and 1g of water into the first mixture, and mixing for 25min at 35 ℃ and 1500r/min to obtain a component A;
adding 24.5g of diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate into the component A, stirring for 30s at 25 ℃ and 1000r/min, pouring into a mold coated with a release agent, carrying out foaming reaction at 35 ℃ for 5min for molding, demolding, and curing at 25 ℃ for 24h to obtain the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat.
Example 7
Screening, cleaning, drying and dewatering the soft polyurethane foam waste for the sofa, removing metal impurities through magnetic separation, cutting the soft polyurethane foam waste into cubic blocks with the side length of 10-100 mm by using a conventional cutting device, putting the obtained soft polyurethane foam waste for the block automobile seat into a two-roller mechanical shearing machine, carrying out mechanical shearing in air atmosphere, setting the linear speed to be 40m/min, the temperature to be 75 ℃, adjusting the roller interval to be not more than 1mm, passing the rollers for 10 times, then drying, and screening by using an air classifier to obtain the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder with the particle size of 60-80 meshes.
Stirring 10.5g of polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder and 59.5g of polyether polyol (with the number average molecular weight of 4800) for 30min at the temperature of 30 ℃ and at the speed of 6000r/min by adopting an emulsion pump circulation process to obtain a first mixture; adding 0.4g N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, 0.4g of glycerol and 11g of N-pentane into the first mixture, and mixing for 20min at 30 ℃ and 1200r/min to obtain a component A;
adding 24.5g of diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate into the component A, stirring for 30s at 25 ℃ and 1000r/min, pouring into a mold coated with a release agent, carrying out foaming reaction at 35 ℃ for 5min for molding, demolding, and curing at 25 ℃ for 24h to obtain the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat.
Example 8
Screening, cleaning, drying and dewatering the soft polyurethane foam waste for the sofa, removing metal impurities through magnetic separation, cutting the soft polyurethane foam waste into cubic blocks with the side length of 10-100 mm by using a conventional cutting device, putting the obtained soft polyurethane foam waste for the block automobile seat into a two-roller mechanical shearing machine, carrying out mechanical shearing in air atmosphere, setting the linear speed to be 40m/min, the temperature to be 75 ℃, adjusting the roller interval to be not more than 1mm, passing the rollers for 10 times, then drying, and screening by using an air classifier to obtain the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder with the particle size of 60-80 meshes.
Stirring 14g of polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder and 56g of polyether polyol (with the number average molecular weight of 4800) for 30min at the temperature of 30 ℃ and at the speed of 6000r/min by adopting an emulsion pump circulation process to obtain a first mixture; adding 0.35g of dimethyl alcohol amine, 0.4g of glycerol and 11g of n-pentane into the first mixture, and mixing for 20min at the temperature of 30 ℃ and the speed of 1200r/min to obtain a component A;
adding 24.5g of diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate into the component A, stirring for 30s at 25 ℃ and 1000r/min, pouring into a mold coated with a release agent, carrying out foaming reaction at 35 ℃ for 5min for molding, demolding, and curing at 25 ℃ for 24h to obtain the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat.
Example 9
Screening, cleaning, drying and dewatering the soft polyurethane foam waste for the sofa, removing metal impurities through magnetic separation, cutting the soft polyurethane foam waste into cubic blocks with the side length of 10-100 mm by using a conventional cutting device, putting the obtained soft polyurethane foam waste for the block automobile seat into a two-roller mechanical shearing machine, carrying out mechanical shearing in air atmosphere, setting the linear speed to be 40m/min, the temperature to be 75 ℃, adjusting the roller interval to be not more than 1mm, passing the rollers for 10 times, then drying, and screening by using an air classifier to obtain the polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder with the particle size of 60-80 meshes.
Stirring 17.5g of polyurethane foam waste activated micro powder and 52.5g of polyether polyol (with the number average molecular weight of 4800) for 30min at the temperature of 30 ℃ and at the speed of 6000r/min to obtain a first mixture; adding 0.4g N-methylmorpholine, 0.4g of glycerol and 11g of n-pentane into the first mixture, and mixing for 20min at 30 ℃ and 1200r/min to obtain a component A;
adding 24.5g of diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate into the component A, stirring for 30s at 25 ℃ and 1000r/min, pouring into a mold coated with a release agent, carrying out foaming reaction at 35 ℃ for 5min for molding, demolding, and curing at 25 ℃ for 24h to obtain the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat.
Comparative example 1
A flexible polyurethane foam for automobile seats was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the fine activated powder of polyurethane foam waste was not added.
Comparative example 2
A flexible polyurethane foam for automobile seats was prepared according to the method of example 1, except that the polyurethane foam waste activated fine powder was prepared by the following steps: screening, cleaning, drying and dewatering the soft polyurethane foam waste for the sofa, removing metal impurities through magnetic separation, cutting the soft polyurethane foam waste into cubic blocks with the side length of 10-100 mm by adopting a conventional cutting device, putting the obtained soft polyurethane foam waste for the block automobile seat into a crusher for crushing and grinding, and screening by an air classifier to obtain polyurethane foam waste powder with the particle size of 60-80 meshes.
The performance test results of the flexible polyurethane foams for automobile seats prepared in examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1, wherein the test method of density is GB/T6343-.
TABLE 1 results of performance test of the flexible polyurethane foams for automobile seats prepared in examples 1 to 9 and comparative example 1
As is apparent from Table 1, the flexible polyurethane foam for automobile seats prepared according to the present invention has a density of 110 to 120kg/m3The 25% indentation hardness is 230-256N, the tensile strength is 153-180 MPa, the elongation is 110-125%, and the tear strength is 2.6-3.1 MPa, which shows that the soft polyurethane foam plastic for the automobile seat, prepared by the invention, has excellent mechanical properties and meets the requirements of automobile seat materials.
As can be seen from the comparison of examples and comparative example 2, in the conventional crushing and grinding method, the polyurethane waste powder is deactivated due to severe heat generation of the equipment during the preparation of the polyurethane waste powder, so that the properties of the finally obtained flexible polyurethane foam are low. By adopting the method, a higher steric hindrance barrier is overcome through a shearing, extruding and stretching mode, so that the prepared polyurethane waste powder has higher surface energy, higher end group activity and higher compatibility with polymer polyol and isocyanate, and can replace part of polyol and isocyanate to perform polymerization foaming reaction, thereby reducing the consumption of polyol raw materials and lowering the production cost.
In summary, the invention provides the soft polyurethane foam for the automobile seat and the preparation method and the application thereof, the polyurethane waste is prepared into the activated micro powder and then used for preparing the soft polyurethane foam for the automobile seat, the high added value resource utilization of the polyurethane waste can be realized, the prepared soft polyurethane foam for the automobile seat has excellent performance, and the consumption of polyether polyol during the preparation of the soft polyurethane foam for the automobile seat can be reduced.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.