阅读说明：本技术 一种富氧垃圾焚烧发电系统 (Oxygen-enriched waste incineration power generation system ) 是由 沈宏伟 吴穹 郭无双 钱琨 徐丽婷 侯霞丽 王丽霞 于 2021-08-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种富氧垃圾焚烧发电系统,包括垃圾储仓,其与渗滤液处理系统连接,垃圾储仓和渗滤液处理系统均与垃圾焚烧系统连接,垃圾焚烧系统与余热回收系统连接,余热回收系统和渗滤液处理系统均与烟气净化系统连接,余热回收系统还与余热发电系统连接,余热发电系统和渗滤液处理系统均与电解水制氢系统连接,电解水制氢系统分别与氢气储运系统、二次风配风系统连接,二次风配风系统和一次风配风系统均与垃圾焚烧系统连接。该系统通过垃圾焚烧产生的低价绿色电源制氢,提高垃圾焚烧行业效益,垃圾焚烧项目分布广可降低氢能输运成本,并利用制氢过程产生的氧气进行富氧燃烧,提高垃圾焚烧热效率和焚烧温度,降低二噁英的生成。(The invention discloses an oxygen-enriched garbage incineration power generation system, which comprises a garbage storage bin, wherein the garbage storage bin is connected with a leachate treatment system, the garbage storage bin and the leachate treatment system are both connected with the garbage incineration system, the garbage incineration system is connected with a waste heat recovery system, the waste heat recovery system and the leachate treatment system are both connected with a flue gas purification system, the waste heat recovery system is also connected with a waste heat power generation system, the waste heat power generation system and the leachate treatment system are both connected with an electrolyzed water hydrogen production system, the electrolyzed water hydrogen production system is respectively connected with a hydrogen storage and transportation system and a secondary air distribution system, and the secondary air distribution system and a primary air distribution system are both connected with the garbage incineration system. The system produces hydrogen through the low-price green power supply generated by waste incineration, improves the industrial benefit of waste incineration, has wide distribution of waste incineration projects, can reduce the hydrogen energy transportation cost, utilizes oxygen generated in the hydrogen production process to carry out oxygen-enriched combustion, improves the heat efficiency and the incineration temperature of waste incineration, and reduces the generation of dioxin.)

1. The utility model provides an oxygen boosting waste incineration power generation system which characterized in that: comprises a garbage storage bin (1), a garbage incineration system (2), a leachate treatment system (3), a waste heat recovery system (4), a flue gas purification system (5), a waste heat power generation system (6), an electrolyzed water hydrogen production system (7), a hydrogen storage and transportation system (8), a secondary air distribution system (9) and a primary air distribution system (10), wherein the garbage storage bin (1) is respectively connected with the garbage incineration system (2) and the leachate treatment system (3), the garbage incineration system (2) is connected with the waste heat recovery system (4), the waste heat recovery system (4) is respectively connected with the flue gas purification system (5) and the waste heat power generation system (6), the waste heat power generation system (6) is connected with the electrolyzed water hydrogen production system (7), the leachate treatment system (3) is also connected with the electrolyzed water hydrogen production system (7) to provide clean water for the electrolyzed water system (7), the system is characterized in that the electrolyzed water hydrogen production system (7), the hydrogen storage and transportation system (8) and the terminal client (12) are sequentially connected, the electrolyzed water hydrogen production system (7) is further connected with the secondary air distribution system (9), the secondary air distribution system (9) and the primary air distribution system (10) are both connected with the garbage incineration system (2) to provide oxygen enrichment for the garbage incineration system (2) to burn, the leachate treatment system (3) is further connected with the garbage incineration system (2) and the flue gas purification system (5) to carry out innocent treatment on sludge and concentrated water generated by the leachate treatment system (3) so as to realize zero emission of the system, and the waste heat power generation system (6) is further connected with the power grid (11).

2. An oxygen-rich waste incineration power generation system according to claim 1, wherein: the waste heat recovery system (4) is provided with a heat exchanger.

3. An oxygen-rich waste incineration power generation system according to claim 1, wherein: and the waste heat power generation system (6) adopts a steam turbine to generate power.

4. An oxygen-rich waste incineration power generation system according to claim 1, wherein: the percolate treatment system (3) comprises a pretreatment device, an adjusting tank, an anaerobic reactor, a two-stage nitrification and denitrification reactor, an external membrane bioreactor, a tubular microfiltration membrane and a disc-tube reverse osmosis membrane.

5. An oxygen-rich waste incineration power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the water electrolysis hydrogen production system (7) is connected with the primary air distribution system (10).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of power generation, and particularly relates to an oxygen-enriched garbage incineration power generation system.

Background

Waste incineration is a harmless, quantitative-reduction and resource-recycling treatment mode and has been vigorously developed in China. At present, the proportion of domestic garbage incineration planning in China already reaches more than 50% of the clean transportation volume of domestic garbage, and basically each county and city has an independent garbage incineration facility. After the garbage is incinerated, certain energy is generated, and the garbage is generally used for generating power through a waste heat boiler and a steam generator set and selling the power on the internet. The household garbage is used as a renewable energy source, generates clean power and is beneficial to carbon dioxide emission reduction. Along with the reduction of subsidies on waste incineration by the nation, the profitability of waste incineration enterprises is reduced, cost reduction and efficiency improvement are needed, the benefits of incineration plants are improved, the national requirements on environmental protection are continuously improved, and the requirement on emission reduction of waste incineration pollutants is great. Particularly, dioxin is easy to cause mass events due to high toxicity, and is one of the biggest problems to be solved by waste incineration. However, the current dioxin removal technology such as activated carbon spraying and the like is still difficult to ensure that the dioxin is reduced to a lower range, and the activated carbon only adsorbs the dioxin and does not realize real removal.

The utilization of hydrogen energy is a great potential direction for the development of future energy in China and even the world. The hydrogen energy has the advantages of high energy density, no pollution of products and the like, but a large amount of available hydrogen energy does not exist in the nature, and the generation of the hydrogen energy generally needs to be converted by other energy sources. At present, the method is mainly realized by the ways of fossil energy conversion, hydrolysis hydrogen production and the like. Fossil energy conversion is less costly, e.g. by reacting coal with water to produce hydrogen and CO₂. But a great deal of CO is generated in the process of converting fossil energy₂The method has great influence on the environment, and does not meet the carbon neutralization development target of China, so that more research and development directions at present are to generate electricity by using renewable energy sources and electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. This process not only CO₂The discharge amount is small and clean hydrogen energy is generated. In the aspect of hydrogen production technology, the main difficulty at present is higher hydrogen production cost. For the hydrogen production technology by electrolysis, the electricity cost generally accounts for more than 80% of the hydrogen production cost, so the hydrogen production technology has the core of reducing electricity consumption or electricity cost. In addition, the transportation cost of hydrogen energy is also higher, and although the electricity consumption cost of hydropower, wind power, photovoltaic and the like is low, the projects are generally far away from a hydrogen energy terminal customer, so that the transportation cost problem exists. In addition, if the water for hydrogen production by electrolysis contains more chloride ions, the electrolysis equipment can be corroded in the electrolysis process, and the service life of the equipment is shortened.

The waste incineration power generation is used as green power and is expected to be used for hydrogen production. Compared with photovoltaic, hydroelectric, wind power and the like, the garbage incineration project is wide in distribution and closer to the city, and the transportation cost of hydrogen energy is expected to be reduced. And because of the reason of national subsidy and retrogradation, the electricity price produced by waste incineration is reduced, and waste incineration enterprises need to find a business model with higher benefit urgently. At present, the patents for generating hydrogen by burning garbage are less.

The patent of publication No. CN210780119U couples biomass gasification power generation with hydrogen production by renewable energy, and uses part of the power generated by the renewable energy for hydrogen production by hydrolysis, and the other part for power generation by surfing the internet. And a part of oxygen generated by electrolysis is used for generating fuel gas after biomass gasification, and the fuel gas is mixed with a part of hydrogen to generate power by fuel gas. The core of the patent is that the electric energy generated by wind energy, photovoltaic and water conservancy power generation is utilized to produce hydrogen, and the product after hydrogen production is used for biomass gasification combustion power generation, but the coupling degree of hydrogen production and biomass gasification power generation is not high, the hydrogen production and the biomass gasification power generation can be completely separated and implemented, and the hydrogen production is not carried out by adopting the electricity generated by the biomass.

The patent of publication No. CN211650251U provides a hydrogen refuse incineration device, which produces hydrogen and oxygen by hydrolysis, then introduces the hydrogen and oxygen into an incinerator to be incinerated together with refuse, and the electricity generated after incineration can also be used for producing hydrogen. The technical purpose is that the garbage is combusted through oxyhydrogen mixture, the combustion temperature can be improved, the combustion is more thorough, and the garbage can be directly combusted without treatment after entering a factory, so that the garbage has certain benefits of lower heat value and difficult combustion. However, hydrogen is combusted after being generated by electrolysis, only electric power is output finally, hydrogen is produced by electric hydrogen and then combusted to generate electricity, and the energy utilization rate is greatly reduced. In addition, the moisture content in the flue gas product after combustion is too high, so that a large amount of energy is taken out from a chimney as the latent heat of vaporization of water, and the energy recovery is not facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an oxygen-enriched waste incineration power generation system, which can be used for producing hydrogen by using a low-price green power supply generated by waste incineration, improving the benefits of the waste incineration industry, simultaneously reducing the transportation cost of hydrogen energy by using the advantage of wide distribution of waste incineration projects, and in addition, carrying out oxygen-enriched combustion by using oxygen generated in the hydrogen production process, improving the heat efficiency of waste incineration, improving the incineration temperature and reducing the generation of pollutants, particularly dioxin.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

an oxygen-enriched garbage incineration power generation system comprises a garbage storage bin, a garbage incineration system, a leachate treatment system, a waste heat recovery system, a flue gas purification system, a waste heat power generation system, an electrolyzed water hydrogen production system, a hydrogen storage and transportation system, a secondary air distribution system and a primary air distribution system, wherein the garbage storage bin is respectively connected with the garbage incineration system and the leachate treatment system, the garbage incineration system is connected with the waste heat recovery system, the waste heat recovery system is respectively connected with the flue gas purification system and the waste heat power generation system, the waste heat power generation system is connected with the electrolyzed water hydrogen production system, the leachate treatment system is also connected with the electrolyzed water hydrogen production system to provide clean water for the electrolyzed water hydrogen production system, the electrolyzed water hydrogen storage and transportation system, the hydrogen production system and a terminal customer are sequentially connected, and the electrolyzed water hydrogen production system is also connected with the secondary air distribution system, the secondary air distribution system and the primary air distribution system are both connected with the garbage incineration system to provide oxygen enrichment for the garbage incineration system for combustion, the leachate treatment system is also connected with the garbage incineration system and the flue gas purification system to carry out harmless treatment on sludge and concentrated water generated by the leachate treatment system, zero emission of the system is realized, and the waste heat power generation system is also connected with a power grid.

Further, the waste heat recovery system is provided with a heat exchanger.

Furthermore, the waste heat power generation system adopts a steam turbine to generate power.

Furthermore, the leachate treatment system adopts a sewage treatment process and comprises a pretreatment device, an adjusting tank, an anaerobic reactor, a two-stage nitrification and denitrification reactor, an external membrane bioreactor, a tubular microfiltration membrane and a disc-tube reverse osmosis membrane.

Further, the water electrolysis hydrogen production system is connected with the primary air distribution system.

When the domestic garbage filter is used, the domestic garbage is firstly fermented in the garbage storage bin for a short time, wherein part of water is separated out under the action of gravity and the like to form leachate. The calorific value of the fermented garbage rises, the garbage enters a garbage incineration system, combustible components in the garbage are combusted under the action of combustion-supporting gas to generate hot flue gas, and the combustible components which cannot be combusted are discharged as slag. The combustion-supporting gas is generally provided with two paths, one path is called primary air, and the primary air is in contact reaction with the garbage; the second path is secondary air which is sprayed into the combustion flame area and further reacts with combustible gas after the garbage gasification for combustion.

The generated percolate enters a percolate treatment system, and percolate from other sources also enters the system. The leachate treatment system adopts a complete and efficient sewage treatment process to purify leachate, the generated sludge enters a waste incineration system, concentrated water enters a flue gas purification system to be consumed, and the salt content in the remaining clean water, particularly Cl^-Low content and can be recycled.

The hot flue gas that the msw incineration system produced passes through the flue and gets into waste heat recovery system, and it utilizes flue gas waste heat heating steam, makes the flue gas cooling simultaneously. And introducing the cooled flue gas into a flue gas purification system for desorption and then discharging. Meanwhile, concentrated water generated by leachate treatment is evaporated by using the waste heat of the flue gas.

The heat energy recovered by the waste heat recovery system is used for generating electricity through the waste heat power generation system. And one part of the electric energy generated by waste heat power generation is sold on the internet, and the other part of the electric energy is directly used as an energy source of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system for producing hydrogen. The water for hydrogen production is clean water produced by leachate treatment.

Hydrogen and by-product oxygen are produced after electrolysis of water. Wherein, a hydrogen storage and transportation system is arranged in the incineration plant, and the generated hydrogen is directly stored and then transported to a terminal customer. Oxygen generated by electrolysis can be used as combustion-supporting gas, and oxygen and air are mixed into oxygen-enriched gas through a secondary air distribution system and then are led back to the waste incineration system. The combustion-supporting gas containing high-concentration oxygen can effectively improve the combustion temperature, so that the dioxin is completely decomposed, and the generation amount of the dioxin is reduced. Meanwhile, the oxygen-enriched combustion reduces the smoke generation amount, reduces the heat loss of the boiler and the power required by the operation of the fan, and integrally improves the power generation amount of the waste incineration.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1) the green electric power generated by burning the garbage is utilized to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, and the electric energy and the hydrogen energy which can be sold outside are generated, so that the whole process is low-carbon and environment-friendly.

2) The garbage incineration project is widely distributed, compared with hydroelectric power, wind power and photoelectric power, the generated hydrogen is closer to a gas using point, the transportation cost is lower, and a hydrogen storage and transportation system is directly arranged in a factory to realize integration of hydrogen energy production, storage and transportation.

3) The garbage burning project stably runs all the year round without peak regulation, can realize continuous supply of hydrogen energy, and does not need an overlarge storage system.

4) The water in the garbage is purified and then used for producing hydrogen, so that water sources are saved, the purified water is high in cleanliness, the service life of hydrogen production equipment is prolonged, oxygen generated by hydrogen production is recycled, the recycling of resources and energy sources is realized, and the efficiency of the whole plant is improved.

5) By adopting the oxygen-enriched combustion technology, the byproduct oxygen generated by electrolysis is sent back to the waste incineration system, so that the combustion temperature can be effectively improved, the generation of pollutants such as dioxin is reduced, the pollution of waste incineration is reduced, the smoke gas amount is reduced, the energy loss is reduced, the operation cost of equipment such as a fan is reduced, the power generation efficiency of the whole plant is finally improved, the power generation cost is reduced, and the hydrogen production cost is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an oxygen-rich refuse incineration power generation system in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

in the figure: 1-a garbage storage bin, 2-a garbage burning system, 3-a leachate treatment system, 4-a waste heat recovery system, 5-a flue gas purification system, 6-a waste heat power generation system, 7-an electrolytic water hydrogen production system, 8-a hydrogen storage and transportation system, 9-a secondary air distribution system, 10-a primary air distribution system, 11-a power grid and 12-a terminal customer.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the embodiments described herein are only for the purpose of illustrating and explaining the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, if a detailed description of the known art is not necessary to show the features of the present invention, it is omitted.

Example 1

The structure of the oxygen-enriched waste incineration power generation system is shown in figure 1, and comprises a waste storage bin 1, a waste incineration system 2, a leachate treatment system 3, a waste heat recovery system 4, a flue gas purification system 5, a waste heat power generation system 6, an electrolyzed water hydrogen production system 7, a hydrogen storage and transportation system 8, a secondary air distribution system 9 and a primary air distribution system 10, wherein the waste storage bin 1 is respectively connected with the waste incineration system 2 and the leachate treatment system 3, the leachate treatment system 3 comprises a pretreatment device, an adjusting tank, an anaerobic reactor, a two-stage nitrification and denitrification reactor, an external membrane bioreactor, a tubular microfiltration membrane and a disc tubular reverse osmosis membrane, the waste incineration system 2 is connected with the waste heat recovery system 4, the waste heat recovery system 4 is provided with a heat exchanger, and the waste heat recovery system 4 is respectively connected with the flue gas purification system 5 and the waste heat power generation system 6, the waste heat power generation system 6 adopts a steam turbine to generate power, the waste heat power generation system 6 is connected with the electrolyzed water hydrogen production system 7, the leachate treatment system 3 is also connected with the electrolyzed water hydrogen production system 7 to provide clean water for the electrolyzed water hydrogen production system 7, the hydrogen storage and transportation system 8 and the terminal client 12 are sequentially connected, the electrolyzed water hydrogen production system 7 is also connected with the secondary air distribution system 9, the secondary air distribution system 9 and the primary air distribution system 10 are both connected with the garbage incineration system 2 to provide oxygen enrichment for the garbage incineration system 2 to burn, the leachate treatment system 3 is also connected with the garbage incineration system 2 and the flue gas purification system 5 to carry out harmless treatment on sludge and concentrated water generated by the leachate treatment system 3, so that zero emission of the system is realized, and the waste heat power generation system 6 is also connected with the power grid 11.

When in use, after the household garbage and the like enter a garbage incineration plant, the household garbage and the like are firstly fermented in the garbage storage 1 for a short time, wherein part of water is separated out under the action of gravity and the like to become leachate. The calorific value of the fermented garbage rises and enters the garbage incineration system 2, and under the action of combustion-supporting gas, combustible components in the garbage are combusted to generate hot flue gas, and the combustible components which cannot be combusted are discharged as slag. The combustion-supporting gas is generally provided with two paths, one path is called primary air, and the primary air is output by the primary air distribution system 10 and reacts with the garbage in a contact way; the secondary air is output by a secondary air distribution system 9 and is sprayed into a combustion flame area to further react and combust with combustible gas after the garbage gasification, so that the burnout rate is improved, and the combustion temperature and the temperature uniformity are improved.

The resulting leachate is fed to a leachate treatment system 3, to which leachate from other sources is also fed. The leachate treatment system 3 adopts a complete and efficient sewage treatment process, leachate can be purified, the generated sludge enters the waste incineration system 2, concentrated water enters the flue gas purification system 5 for consumption, and the residual clean water can be recycled.

The hot flue gas that the msw incineration system 2 produced passes through the flue and gets into waste heat recovery system 4, and it utilizes flue gas waste heat heating steam, makes the flue gas cooling simultaneously. The cooled smoke still contains acid gas and NO_xAnd dioxin, dust and other pollutants, and are discharged after being introduced into the flue gas purification system 5 for removal. Meanwhile, concentrated water generated by leachate treatment is evaporated by using the waste heat of the flue gas.

The heat energy recovered by the waste heat recovery system 4 is used for generating power through the waste heat power generation system 6. And one part of the electric energy generated by the waste heat power generation can be sold on the internet, and the other part of the electric energy can be directly used as an energy source of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system 7 for producing hydrogen. The water for hydrogen production adopts clean water produced by leachate treatment, so that water sources are saved, the cleanliness of the treated water is higher, the water is more suitable for hydrogen production by electrolysis, and the efficiency and the service life of the equipment can be effectively improved.

Hydrogen and by-product oxygen are produced after electrolysis of water. Wherein, a hydrogen storage and transportation system 8 is arranged in the incineration plant, and the generated hydrogen is directly stored and then transported to a terminal customer 12. Because the garbage incineration plants are widely distributed and basically each county and city has corresponding facilities, the transportation cost of the hydrogen energy can be greatly saved. Oxygen generated by electrolysis can be used as combustion-supporting gas, and oxygen and air are mixed into oxygen-enriched gas through a secondary air distribution system 9 and then are led back to the waste incineration system 2. The combustion-supporting gas containing high-concentration oxygen can effectively improve the combustion temperature, so that the dioxin is completely decomposed, and the generation amount of the dioxin is reduced. Meanwhile, the oxygen-enriched combustion reduces the smoke generation amount, reduces the heat loss of the boiler and the power required by the operation of the fan, and integrally improves the power generation amount of the waste incineration.

Example 2

The difference between the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 1 is that the water electrolysis hydrogen production system 7 is also connected with a primary air distribution system 10, and oxygen can be connected with primary air for use besides secondary air, so that the oxygen-enriched amount is further improved.

Example 3

The difference from embodiment 1 is that the waste incineration system 2 is replaced with a biomass incineration system, like embodiment 1.

Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents can be made in the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or some technical features thereof can be replaced. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.