阅读说明：本技术 一种基于点云的bim模型转化方法 (BIM model conversion method based on point cloud ) 是由 郭魁 蔡承刚 于 2021-08-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于点云的BIM模型转化方法,具体涉及建筑模型建造技术领域,包括以下步骤：步骤一、建立测站：根据待测建筑物的室内平面图,将其内部每个单独的房间作为一个测站,并按照顺序依次对每个测站进行标号；步骤二、室内框架点云数据的获取：在同一空间坐标系下,利用三维激光扫描仪依次对每个测站所代表的房间进行测量,所测量的对象主要包括房间内部的八个直角点、门框、窗框；步骤三、室内物品点云数据的获取；步骤四、点云数据的处理。本发明通过对待建模建筑物内部空间进行充分的划分,并以每个房间为测量单位简化需要测量的点云数量,并且将相同的物品统一测量建模,从而能够避免重复工作,以减少工作量、节约时间。(The invention discloses a point cloud-based BIM model transformation method, and particularly relates to the technical field of building model construction, which comprises the following steps: step one, establishing a survey station: according to an indoor plan of a building to be tested, taking each single room inside the building as a testing station, and sequentially marking each testing station according to the sequence; step two, acquiring indoor frame point cloud data: under the same space coordinate system, sequentially measuring the rooms represented by each measuring station by using a three-dimensional laser scanner, wherein the measured objects mainly comprise eight right-angle points, a door frame and a window frame in the rooms; step three, acquiring point cloud data of the indoor articles; and step four, processing the point cloud data. According to the invention, the internal space of the building to be modeled is fully divided, the number of point clouds to be measured is simplified by taking each room as a measurement unit, and the same objects are uniformly measured and modeled, so that repeated work can be avoided, the workload is reduced, and the time is saved.)

1. A BIM model conversion method based on point cloud is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

step one, establishing a survey station: according to an indoor plan of a building to be tested, taking each single room inside the building as a testing station, and sequentially marking each testing station according to the sequence;

step two, acquiring indoor frame point cloud data: under the same space coordinate system, a three-dimensional laser scanner is used for sequentially measuring rooms represented by each measuring station, measured objects mainly comprise eight right angle points, door frames and window frames in the rooms, the space size of the indoor rooms is determined by measuring the right angle points, the door frames and the window frames are measured to determine the distribution of doors and windows in the rooms, data are uploaded to a processing center by using a mobile communication system during measurement, then the point cloud data of each measuring station are stored by the processing center separately, and the stored data are required to be sorted according to the marks of the measuring stations;

step three, acquiring point cloud data of the indoor articles: firstly, researching and analyzing indoor articles of a building according to an indoor plan of the building to be tested, finding out the same articles such as pipelines, lamps, doors and windows of rooms represented by each testing station, and then finding out unique articles in each room; secondly, under the same space coordinate system as the second step, selecting the room with the first label as a representative, measuring the shared articles of the room and other rooms by using a three-dimensional laser scanner, uploading the measured data to a processing center by using a mobile communication system, and then storing the received data by the processing center independently; finally, under the same space coordinate system as the second step, the unique articles in each station are measured in sequence according to the labels in the first step, and the measurement result is uploaded to a processing center through a mobile communication system and needs to be stored separately in the measurement process;

step four, processing point cloud data: coordinate conversion is carried out on the point cloud data of each measuring station obtained by the three-dimensional laser scanner, and the point cloud data under the measuring coordinate based on the three-dimensional laser scanner is converted into space point cloud data under the space coordinate required by modeling software Revit;

step five, building a BIM model: firstly, reading point cloud data processed in the fourth step by utilizing modeling software Revit, and independently storing data under different stations; then, drawing a three-dimensional model on the basis of the indoor frame point cloud model on each observation station to draw three-dimensional models of the internal rooms under different observation stations; secondly, drawing a three-dimensional model of a plurality of rooms with the point cloud data of the articles shared by each room as the basis, and drawing a three-dimensional model of a plurality of articles unique to each room with the point cloud data of the articles unique to each room as the basis; then, splicing the internal room three-dimensional models under each station to form a complete building three-dimensional model to be tested, and sequentially splicing articles shared by a plurality of rooms and unique articles in each internal room three-dimensional model to restore the indoor building structure; and finally, according to the material information of the building components on the indoor plane diagram of the building to be tested, different material parameters are given to different components in the three-dimensional model.

2. The point cloud-based BIM model conversion method of claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the output end of the three-dimensional laser scanner is provided with a wireless transmission device, and the wireless transmission device can transmit the measured data to the processing center in real time based on a mobile communication system.

3. The point cloud-based BIM model conversion method of claim 1, wherein: in step two, the processing center is served by a computer commonly used in the construction industry, and the memory of the computer memory is 128G.

4. The point cloud-based BIM model conversion method of claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, when the point cloud data under the measurement coordinates of the three-dimensional laser scanner is processed, the point cloud data can also be converted into point cloud data under a space coordinate system required by other three-dimensional modeling software: 3D building design software in Autodesk, Tekla, Bentley, NemetschekAG, and Gehry technologies.

5. The point cloud-based BIM model conversion method of claim 1, wherein: in step five, three-dimensional models of common articles of a plurality of rooms are combined into a 'library', such as a door library, a window library and a lamp library, and the sizes of the three-dimensional models of the common articles can be flexibly edited in three-dimensional modeling software.

6. The point cloud-based BIM model conversion method of claim 1, wherein: in step one, the indoor floor plan includes information including: the length, width, height of the room, the position and length and width of the door, the position and length and width of the window, and the material of each building component.

7. The point cloud-based BIM model conversion method of claim 1, wherein: in step two and step three, three-dimensional laser scanner carries on unmanned aerial vehicle, and this unmanned aerial vehicle is controlled by survey crew.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of building model construction, in particular to a point cloud-based BIM model transformation method.

Background

With the development of visualization technology and the emergence of laser scanning technology, three-dimensional modeling by using point cloud data in the visualization modeling of modern buildings has become the mainstream of development. The point cloud technology is a spatial position information acquisition technology, which acquires discrete point information of a scanned object by using laser, photographing and other technologies, and expresses a spatial form network of an object by using the discrete point information of the spatial object. A point cloud is a data set of points in a coordinate system, which contain rich information including three-dimensional coordinates (X, Y, Z), colors, classification values, intensity values, time, and so on. BIM is a digital expression of physical and functional characteristics of buildings, and provides reliable information sharing and knowledge resources for the whole life cycle of the buildings from birth of the buildings; the BIM technology is implemented by establishing database information covering the life cycle of the whole construction project and realizing information integration and sharing among different specialties at different stages in the construction project; the BIM concept is the direct application of digital technology in the construction project, so as to solve the description problem of each stage of the construction project in software, enable designers and engineering technicians to make correct judgment on various construction information, and provide a solid foundation for cooperative work.

The maturity of the point cloud technology provides a new idea for the development of the BIM technology. The basis of BIM technology in the full life cycle of a building is a model. The inconvenience and the error of the manual modeling enable the application prospect of the point cloud technology to be considerable. Taking the transformation of an old building as an example, a large amount of errors must exist in an old building information model established manually, and the establishment period of the model is long. But the three-dimensional point cloud information of the building can be rapidly and accurately acquired by combining the three-dimensional laser scanner, the information is reversely modeled and guided into BIM software, so that the project cost can be greatly saved, and a designer is helped to complete the reconstruction design task more rapidly and efficiently. The point cloud technology has great potential in the aspect of auxiliary BIM modeling. And further, when the requirements of large-scale engineering and batch products are met, the point cloud technology is utilized to perform solid modeling, so that the construction of a BIM product library is promoted. The point cloud technology is combined with the product library, so that the product information can be accurately mastered, and all related parties in the whole life cycle of the building can be helped to better utilize the BIM to complete the planning task and the engineering target.

However, in the prior art, when the point cloud data is applied to create the BIM three-dimensional model, a large amount of point cloud data often needs to be processed, most of the point cloud data is messy, the processing workload is large, time and manpower are wasted, and in addition, the time and workload are heavy due to the large-batch acquisition of the point cloud data.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the invention provides a BIM model conversion method based on point cloud, which can avoid repeated work, reduce the workload and save the time by fully dividing the internal space of the building to be modeled, simplifying the number of the point cloud to be measured by taking each room as a measurement unit and uniformly measuring and modeling the same articles, thereby solving the problems of large workload and time waste caused by more point cloud data in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions: a point cloud-based BIM model conversion method comprises the following steps:

step one, establishing a survey station: according to an indoor plan of a building to be tested, taking each single room inside the building as a testing station, and sequentially marking each testing station according to the sequence;

step two, acquiring indoor frame point cloud data: under the same space coordinate system, a three-dimensional laser scanner is used for sequentially measuring rooms represented by each measuring station, measured objects mainly comprise eight right angle points, door frames and window frames in the rooms, the space size of the indoor rooms is determined by measuring the right angle points, the door frames and the window frames are measured to determine the distribution of doors and windows in the rooms, data are uploaded to a processing center by using a mobile communication system during measurement, then the point cloud data of each measuring station are stored by the processing center separately, and the stored data are required to be sorted according to the marks of the measuring stations;

step three, acquiring point cloud data of the indoor articles: firstly, researching and analyzing indoor articles of a building according to an indoor plan of the building to be tested, finding out the same articles such as pipelines, lamps, doors and windows of rooms represented by each testing station, and then finding out unique articles in each room; secondly, under the same space coordinate system as the second step, selecting the room with the first label as a representative, measuring the shared articles of the room and other rooms by using a three-dimensional laser scanner, uploading the measured data to a processing center by using a mobile communication system, and then storing the received data by the processing center independently; finally, under the same space coordinate system as the second step, the unique articles in each station are measured in sequence according to the labels in the first step, and the measurement results are uploaded to a processing center through a mobile communication system and need to be stored separately in the measurement process;

step four, processing point cloud data: coordinate conversion is carried out on the point cloud data of each measuring station obtained by the three-dimensional laser scanner, and the point cloud data under the measuring coordinate based on the three-dimensional laser scanner is converted into space point cloud data under the space coordinate required by modeling software Revit;

step five, building a BIM model: firstly, reading point cloud data processed in the fourth step by utilizing modeling software Revit, and independently storing data under different stations; then, drawing a three-dimensional model on the basis of the indoor frame point cloud model on each observation station to draw three-dimensional models of the internal rooms under different observation stations; secondly, drawing a three-dimensional model of a plurality of rooms with the point cloud data of the articles shared by each room as the basis, and drawing a three-dimensional model of a plurality of articles unique to each room with the point cloud data of the articles unique to each room as the basis; then, splicing the internal room three-dimensional models under each station to form a complete building three-dimensional model to be tested, and sequentially splicing articles shared by a plurality of rooms and unique articles in each internal room three-dimensional model to restore the indoor building structure; and finally, according to the material information of the building components on the indoor plane diagram of the building to be tested, different material parameters are given to different components in the three-dimensional model.

Further, in the second step, the output end of the three-dimensional laser scanner is provided with a wireless transmission device, and the wireless transmission device can transmit the measured data to the processing center in real time based on the mobile communication system.

Further, in step two, the processing center is served by a computer commonly used in the construction industry, and the memory of the computer is 128G.

Further, in the fourth step, when the point cloud data under the measurement coordinates of the three-dimensional laser scanner is processed, the point cloud data can also be converted into point cloud data under a space coordinate system required by other three-dimensional modeling software: 3D building design software in Autodesk, Tekla, Bentley, NemetschekAG, and Gehry technologies.

Further, in step five, three-dimensional models of common articles of a plurality of rooms are combined into a 'library', such as a door library, a window library and a lamp library, and the sizes of the three-dimensional models of the common articles can be flexibly edited in three-dimensional modeling software.

Further, in the first step, the indoor plan includes information including: the length, width, height of the room, the position and length and width of the door, the position and length and width of the window, and the material of each building component.

Further, in step two and step three, the three-dimensional laser scanner is mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the unmanned aerial vehicle is controlled by measuring personnel.

The invention has the following advantages:

1. the method comprises the steps of scanning the interior of a building by using a three-dimensional laser scanner, obtaining point cloud data of the interior of the building, processing the point cloud data to obtain a building interior space point cloud model, converting the point cloud data under a measurement coordinate system into space point cloud data under a space coordinate system of three-dimensional modeling software, and converting the space point cloud data into an entity BIM model by using the three-dimensional modeling software, wherein the entity BIM model can simulate the real situation of the indoor building to the maximum extent, so that a foundation of an accurate model can be provided for later building interior space transformation;

2. the invention divides the internal space of the building to be modeled fully, carries out sequencing labeling on the divided spaces, then takes each indoor room as a measuring station for measurement, and only needs to measure the coordinate positions of eight right angle points, a door frame and a window frame in the whole room in the measurement process to determine the constitution condition of the whole indoor room, the point cloud data obtained in the process is less, thereby effectively reducing the workload of point cloud data processing in the whole modeling process, and the articles in the room are divided into common articles and unique articles, and respectively model the common articles and the unique articles without repeatedly establishing the existing common article model in different rooms, only needs to adjust the information of the corresponding common articles according to the information of the room, and then splices the common articles and the unique articles in the model of the room, therefore, the workload in the three-dimensional modeling process can be further reduced, and the working efficiency can be further improved.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The BIM model conversion method based on the point cloud comprises the following steps:

step one, establishing a survey station: according to the indoor plan of the building to be tested, each single room in the building to be tested is used as a test station, each test station is sequentially marked according to the sequence, and the indoor plan comprises the following information: the general situation of the whole building can be clearly and intuitively known by the indoor plane diagram modeling personnel through the length, the width, the height, the position and the length of the door, the position and the length and the width of the window and the materials of all building components, so that the modeling personnel can be helped to successfully complete modeling; the marking of different stations can help a modeling worker to distinguish point cloud data of different stations, so that the later modeling worker can splice the point cloud data of different stations in order;

step two, acquiring indoor frame point cloud data: under the same space coordinate system, a three-dimensional laser scanner is utilized to sequentially measure the rooms represented by each measuring station, the measured objects mainly comprise eight right angle points, a door frame and a window frame in the rooms, the method comprises the steps of determining the space size of an indoor room by measuring right-angle points, measuring door frames and window frames so as to determine the distribution of doors and windows in the room, uploading data to a processing center by using a mobile communication system while measuring, then the processing center needs to store the point cloud data of each measuring station separately and needs to sort the stored data according to the labels of the measuring stations, the processing center is served by a computer commonly used in the construction industry, the memory of the computer memory is 128G, the computer memory needs to have a large enough memory to store the data during the measurement, the smoothness of the computer operation is ensured, and the pause phenomenon in the computer operation process can be avoided;

the output end of the three-dimensional laser scanner is provided with a wireless transmission device which can transmit the measured data to a processing center in real time based on a mobile communication system; the mobile communication system is a radio communication system mainly including a cellular system, a trunking system, an ad hoc network system, a satellite communication system, a packet radio network, a cordless telephone system, a radio paging system, and the like; the invention is applied to a cellular system which is a land public mobile communication system with the widest coverage range, in the cellular system, a coverage area is generally divided into a plurality of cells similar to a honeycomb, a fixed base station is arranged in each cell to provide access and information forwarding services for users, communication between mobile users and between the mobile users and non-mobile users is carried out through the base station, and the base station is generally connected to a backbone switching network mainly composed of an exchanger through a wire line;

step three, acquiring point cloud data of the indoor articles: firstly, researching and analyzing indoor articles of a building according to an indoor plan of the building to be tested, finding out the same articles such as pipelines, lamps, doors and windows of rooms represented by each testing station, and then finding out unique articles in each room; secondly, under the same space coordinate system as the second step, selecting the room with the first label as a representative, measuring the shared articles of the room and other rooms by using a three-dimensional laser scanner, uploading the measured data to a processing center by using a mobile communication system, and then storing the received data by the processing center independently; finally, under the same space coordinate system as the second step, the unique articles in each measuring station are sequentially measured according to the marks in the first step, the measuring result is uploaded to a processing center through a mobile communication system in the measuring process and needs to be stored independently, in the second step and the third step, the three-dimensional laser scanner is carried on an unmanned aerial vehicle, the unmanned aerial vehicle is controlled by measuring personnel, the unmanned aerial vehicle or point cloud data is convenient to operate, and the working difficulty can be reduced;

step four, processing point cloud data: coordinate conversion is carried out on the point cloud data of each measuring station obtained by the three-dimensional laser scanner, and the point cloud data under the measuring coordinate based on the three-dimensional laser scanner is converted into space point cloud data under the space coordinate required by modeling software Revit;

when processing point cloud data under the measurement coordinates of the three-dimensional laser scanner, the data can also be converted into point cloud data under a space coordinate system required by other three-dimensional modeling software: 3D building design software, Tekla, Bentley, NemetschekAG and Gehry technologies in Autodesk have respective emphasis points, so that the use of the three-dimensional modeling software also has disadvantages, wherein the 3D building design software emphasizes building models and structural configuration, and the 3D building models are constructed by adopting members such as beams, plates, walls, doors and windows as command objects; the Tekla software mainly has the functions of structural system configuration of a reinforced concrete structure, a steel structure, a wood structure and the like, and the fineness of a constructed structural model is high; application software and a technical platform mainly developed by Bentley, and various subsystems are provided for various fields; NemetschekAG can construct a 3D building model, which is composed of parameterized objects containing information such as structure size, material, performance, price, etc.; the software function of Gehrytechnologies is heavier than the design and construction operation of building engineering, and has the capacity of integrating large and complex projects;

step five, building a BIM model: firstly, reading point cloud data processed in the fourth step by utilizing modeling software Revit, and independently storing data under different stations; then, drawing a three-dimensional model on the basis of the indoor frame point cloud model on each observation station to draw three-dimensional models of the internal rooms under different observation stations; secondly, drawing a three-dimensional model of a plurality of rooms with the point cloud data of the articles shared by each room as a base, forming the three-dimensional model of the articles shared by the rooms into a library such as a door library, a window library and a lamp library in the process of creating the model, wherein the size of the three-dimensional model of the articles shared by the rooms can be flexibly edited in three-dimensional modeling software; drawing a three-dimensional model of the unique articles in each room on the basis of the point cloud data of the unique articles in each room; then, splicing the internal room three-dimensional models under each station to form a complete building three-dimensional model to be tested, and sequentially splicing articles shared by a plurality of rooms and unique articles in each internal room three-dimensional model to restore the indoor building structure; and finally, according to the material information of the building component on the indoor plane diagram of the building to be tested, different materials are given to different components in the three-dimensional model, so that the authenticity of modeling can be improved to the maximum extent, and valuable references are provided for people to modify the building component in the later period.

Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.