阅读说明：本技术 一种轻质煤矸石砖及其制备方法 (Light coal gangue brick and preparation method thereof ) 是由 孙伟 于 2021-08-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种轻质煤矸石砖及其制备方法,属于建筑材料技术领域,包括如下重量份原料:10-15份改性纳米微球,75-85份煤矸石,5-10份黏土,20-25份粉煤灰,5-6.5份增强剂,3-5份高炉渣,2.5-5.5份膨润土；将聚乳酸和中间体2在溶剂1,4-二氧六环中混合反应,中间体2作为改性剂,其上的氨基能够进攻聚乳酸中的酯键形成酰胺键,并且引入亲水的醚键,增加聚乳酸的亲水性能,而且通过引入中间体2作为侧链,热压成样品,制备出改性纳米微球,改性聚乳酸纳米粒子受热分解,在砖内形成孔隙,但是分散在内部的原料烧结成砖体,在不影响煤矸石砖力学强度的前提下减轻其重量,提高煤矸石砖的使用性能。(The invention discloses a light coal gangue brick and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of building materials, and comprising the following raw materials, by weight, 10-15 parts of modified nano microspheres, 75-85 parts of coal gangue, 5-10 parts of clay, 20-25 parts of fly ash, 5-6.5 parts of reinforcing agent, 3-5 parts of blast furnace slag and 2.5-5.5 parts of bentonite; polylactic acid and an intermediate 2 are mixed and reacted in a solvent 1, 4-dioxane, the intermediate 2 is used as a modifier, amino groups on the intermediate 2 can attack ester bonds in the polylactic acid to form amido bonds, hydrophilic ether bonds are introduced to increase the hydrophilic performance of the polylactic acid, the intermediate 2 is used as a side chain and is hot-pressed into a sample to prepare modified nano microspheres, modified polylactic acid nano particles are decomposed by heating, pores are formed in a brick, but raw materials dispersed in the interior are sintered into a brick body, the weight of the brick body is reduced on the premise of not influencing the mechanical strength of the gangue brick, and the service performance of the gangue brick is improved.)

1. The light coal gangue brick is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of modified nano microspheres, 75-85 parts of coal gangue, 5-10 parts of clay, 20-25 parts of fly ash, 5-6.5 parts of reinforcing agent, 3-5 parts of blast furnace slag and 2.5-5.5 parts of bentonite;

the modified nano-microsphere is prepared by the following steps:

step S1, adding dichlorotriethanol into N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring at a constant speed for 30min, adding potassium phthalimide, stirring at a constant speed, heating to 65 ℃, continuing stirring and reacting for 24h, adding deionized water after the reaction is finished, stirring until a white solid is precipitated, and performing suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain an intermediate 1;

step S2, adding the prepared intermediate 1 and hydrazine hydrate into absolute ethyl alcohol, heating to 70 ℃, carrying out reflux reaction for 2h, stopping heating, adding concentrated hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH until the pH of the system is 3, carrying out suction filtration, carrying out rotary evaporation and concentration to 100mL, adding deionized water, filtering, continuing to carry out rotary evaporation and concentration to 100mL to obtain a crude product, adding sodium hydroxide solid into the crude product to adjust the pH until the pH is 10, and extracting to obtain an intermediate 2;

step S3, adding polylactic acid into 1, 4-dioxane, stirring at a constant speed at 60 ℃ until the system is uniform, then adding an aqueous solution of an intermediate 2, preserving heat and reacting for 30min, then performing cryopreservation at-35 ℃ for 12h, then performing extraction at-4-0 ℃, and then performing cryopreservation at-35 ℃ for 4h again to prepare modified polylactic acid nanoparticles;

step S4, carrying out vacuum drying on the modified polylactic acid nano particles, then carrying out hot pressing on the modified polylactic acid nano particles to obtain a sample with the thickness of 1mm, and then carrying out supercritical CO treatment on the sample₂Soaking for 1h, controlling the soaking temperature to be 150 ℃, controlling the pressure to be 20MPa, then introducing cooling water to cool to 100-110 ℃ within 1min, soaking for 10min, reducing the pressure to 10MPa, soaking for 5min, finally decompressing and sizing to obtain the modified nano-microspheres.

2. The lightweight gangue brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein said aqueous solution of intermediate 2 in step S3 is prepared by mixing intermediate 2 and deionized water in a weight ratio of 1: 100.

3. The lightweight gangue brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein said reinforcing agent is prepared by the steps of: according to the weight portion, 5 to 10 portions of bamboo charcoal powder, 0.1 to 0.5 portion of sodium metasilicate, 0.3 to 0.5 portion of stearic acid, 0.9 to 1.2 portions of cellulose nitrate and 7 to 11 portions of silica sol are evenly mixed at the temperature of 40 to 45 ℃ to prepare the reinforcing agent.

4. The light weight gangue brick of claim 1, wherein the amount ratio of dichlorotriethanol, N-dimethylformamide and potassium phthalimide in step S1 is controlled to be 30 g: 150 mL: 80g, the amount ratio of intermediate 1, hydrazine hydrate and absolute ethyl alcohol in step S2 is 10 g: 75 g: 100mL, the volume ratio of deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: 1, and the weight ratio of polylactic acid, the aqueous solution of intermediate 2 and 1, 4-dioxane in step S3 is 1.5 g: 1.85 g: 16.75 g.

5. The preparation method of the lightweight gangue brick as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

firstly, crushing coal gangue, screening by using a drum screen, uniformly mixing clay, blast furnace slag, bentonite, coal gangue and fly ash, and continuously stirring for 30min to prepare a mixture;

secondly, mixing the mixture, the reinforcing agent and the modified nano-microspheres, adding water, stirring at a constant speed until a paste is formed, continuing stirring for 30min, and then aging;

and thirdly, pressing the mixture into a green brick, drying the green brick in a drying chamber, and finally sintering the green brick to obtain the light coal gangue brick.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to a light coal gangue brick and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The main component of the coal gangue brick is coal gangue, the coal gangue is rock mixed with organic compounds and inorganic compounds which are jointly deposited with coal in the coal forming process, the coal gangue is usually in a thin layer in a coal seam or at the top and the bottom of the coal seam, and the coal gangue brick is used for coal mine construction and coal mining and washingThe large amount of solid mine waste generated during the process. The main component of which is Al₂O₃、SiO₂And in addition, Fe in different quantities₂O₃、CaO、MgO、Na₂O、K₂O、P₂O₅、SO₃And trace rare elements (gallium, vanadium, titanium, cobalt). The coal gangue is divided into clay rocks, sandstone rocks, carbonates and aluminum rocks according to the main mineral content; according to the source and final state, the coal gangue can be divided into three categories of tunneling gangue, coal gangue and natural gangue. The discharge amount of coal gangue is greatly different according to the coal bed conditions, mining conditions and washing process, the tunneling gangue generally accounts for about 10% of the raw coal output, and the coal gangue for dressing accounts for 12% -18% of the raw coal for dressing.

The existing coal gangue brick for building has the technical problem that the weight is large, so that the load is large during construction, in the prior art, a pore-forming agent is usually added to prepare the light coal gangue brick, but the traditional pore-forming agent cannot be uniformly distributed in the coal gangue brick when in use, and the pores in the coal gangue brick are large after sintering, so that the use strength of the coal gangue brick is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention provides a light coal gangue brick and a preparation method thereof.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

a light coal gangue brick comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 10-15 parts of modified nano microspheres, 75-85 parts of coal gangue, 5-10 parts of clay, 20-25 parts of fly ash, 5-6.5 parts of reinforcing agent, 3-5 parts of blast furnace slag and 2.5-5.5 parts of bentonite;

the modified nano-microsphere is prepared by the following steps:

step S1, adding dichlorotriethanol into N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring at a constant speed for 30min, adding potassium phthalimide, stirring at a constant speed, heating to 65 ℃, continuing stirring and reacting for 24h, adding deionized water after the reaction is finished, stirring until a white solid is precipitated, performing suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain an intermediate 1, and controlling the dosage ratio of dichlorotriethanol, N-dimethylformamide and potassium phthalimide to be 30 g: 150 mL: 80 g;

in step S1, dichlorotriethanol and potassium phthalimide react in N, N-dimethylformamide, and the reaction process is as follows:

step S2, adding the prepared intermediate 1 and hydrazine hydrate into absolute ethyl alcohol, heating to 70 ℃, carrying out reflux reaction for 2h, stopping heating, adding concentrated hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 37% to adjust the pH until the pH of the system is 3, carrying out suction filtration, carrying out rotary evaporation and concentration to 100mL, adding deionized water, filtering, then continuing rotary evaporation and concentration to 100mL to obtain a crude product, adding sodium hydroxide solid into the crude product to adjust the pH until the pH is 10, extracting with isopropanol for three times, collecting upper-layer liquid, carrying out rotary evaporation, and recovering isopropanol to obtain an intermediate 2, wherein the dosage ratio of the intermediate 1, the hydrazine hydrate and the absolute ethyl alcohol is 10 g: 75 g: 100mL, and the volume ratio of the deionized water and the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: 1;

in the step S2, the intermediate 1 reacts with hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethyl alcohol to generate an intermediate 2, and the reaction process is as follows:

step S3, adding polylactic acid into 1, 4-dioxane, stirring at a constant speed at 60 ℃ until the system is uniform, then adding an aqueous solution of an intermediate 2, preserving heat and reacting for 30min, then carrying out cryopreservation for 12h at-35 ℃, then extracting for four days at-4-0 ℃, changing water for three times each day for exchange, then carrying out cryopreservation for 4h at-35 ℃ again, and preparing modified polylactic acid nanoparticles, wherein the weight ratio of the aqueous solution of the polylactic acid and the intermediate 2 to the 1, 4-dioxane is 1.5 g: 1.85 g: 16.75 g;

step S3, mixing polylactic acid and the intermediate 2 in a solvent 1, 4-dioxane for reaction, wherein the intermediate 2 is a water-soluble intermediate, the intermediate 2 is used as a modifier, amino groups on the intermediate 2 can attack ester bonds in the polylactic acid to form amide bonds, hydrophilic ether bonds are introduced to increase the hydrophilic performance of the polylactic acid, and the intermediate 2 is used as a side chain to prevent the subsequently used polylactic acid nanoparticles from agglomerating;

step S4, after vacuum drying the modified polylactic acid nano particles, hot-pressing the modified polylactic acid nano particles into a sample with the thickness of 1mm by a vulcanizing machine under the conditions that the temperature is 180 ℃ and the pressure is 10MPa, and then placing the sample into a supercritical CO atmosphere₂Soaking for 1h, controlling the soaking temperature to be 150 ℃, controlling the pressure to be 20MPa, then introducing cooling water to cool to 100-110 ℃ within 1min, soaking for 10min, reducing the pressure to 10MPa, soaking for 5min, finally decompressing and sizing to obtain the modified nano-microspheres.

The prepared modified polylactic acid nano particles are hot-pressed into a sample in the step S4, and then supercritical CO is used for preparing the sample₂As a foaming agent, the modified nano-microspheres are prepared by adjusting a foaming process, have excellent hydrophilic performance and are not easy to agglomerate, through foaming, the modified nano-microspheres are provided with through holes with large pore diameters, after the modified nano-microspheres are mixed with other raw materials, the raw materials are filled in the through holes, then sintering is carried out, the modified polylactic acid nano-particles are heated and decomposed, pores are formed in the brick, but the raw materials dispersed in the through holes are sintered into a brick body, the weight of the brick body is reduced on the premise of not influencing the mechanical strength of the gangue brick, and the service performance of the gangue brick is improved.

Further, the aqueous solution of the intermediate 2 in the step S3 is prepared by mixing the intermediate 2 and deionized water according to a weight ratio of 1: 100.

Further, the reinforcing agent is prepared by the following steps: according to the weight portion, 5 to 10 portions of bamboo charcoal powder, 0.1 to 0.5 portion of sodium metasilicate, 0.3 to 0.5 portion of stearic acid, 0.9 to 1.2 portions of cellulose nitrate and 7 to 11 portions of silica sol are evenly mixed at the temperature of 40 to 45 ℃ to prepare the reinforcing agent.

A preparation method of a light coal gangue brick comprises the following steps:

firstly, crushing coal gangue, screening by using a drum screen, uniformly mixing clay, blast furnace slag, bentonite, coal gangue and fly ash, and continuously stirring for 30min to prepare a mixture;

secondly, mixing the mixture, the reinforcing agent and the modified nano-microspheres, adding water, stirring at a constant speed until a paste is formed, continuing stirring for 30min, and then aging;

and thirdly, pressing the mixture into a green brick, drying the green brick in a drying chamber, and finally sintering the green brick to obtain the light coal gangue brick.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention relates to a light coal gangue brick, which is prepared by firstly preparing modified polylactic acid nano particles in the preparation process, wherein in the step S3, polylactic acid and an intermediate 2 are mixed and reacted in a solvent 1, 4-dioxane, the intermediate 2 is a water-soluble intermediate, the intermediate 2 is used as a modifier, amino groups on the intermediate 2 can attack ester bonds in the polylactic acid to form amide bonds, hydrophilic ether bonds are introduced to increase the hydrophilic performance of the polylactic acid, the intermediate 2 is introduced as a side chain to prevent the polylactic acid nano particles used subsequently from agglomerating, then the prepared modified polylactic acid nano particles are hot-pressed into a sample, and then supercritical CO is used for preparing the sample₂As a foaming agent, the modified nano-microspheres are prepared by adjusting a foaming process, have excellent hydrophilic performance and are not easy to agglomerate, through foaming, the modified nano-microspheres are provided with through holes with large pore diameters, and finally, after the modified nano-microspheres are mixed with other raw materials, the raw material particles are filled in the modified nano-microspheres and then sintered, the modified nano-microspheres are heated and decomposed, pores are formed in the brick, but the raw materials dispersed in the modified nano-microspheres are sintered into a brick body, so that the weight of the modified nano-microspheres is reduced on the premise of not influencing the mechanical strength of the gangue brick, and the service performance of the gangue brick is improved.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The modified nano-microsphere comprises the following steps:

step S1, adding dichlorotriethanol into N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring at a constant speed for 30min, adding potassium phthalimide, stirring at a constant speed, heating to 65 ℃, continuing stirring and reacting for 24h, adding deionized water after the reaction is finished, stirring until a white solid is precipitated, performing suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain an intermediate 1, and controlling the dosage ratio of dichlorotriethanol, N-dimethylformamide and potassium phthalimide to be 30 g: 150 mL: 80 g;

step S2, adding the prepared intermediate 1 and hydrazine hydrate into absolute ethyl alcohol, heating to 70 ℃, carrying out reflux reaction for 2h, stopping heating, adding concentrated hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 37% to adjust the pH until the pH of the system is 3, carrying out suction filtration, carrying out rotary evaporation and concentration to 100mL, adding deionized water, filtering, then continuing rotary evaporation and concentration to 100mL to obtain a crude product, adding sodium hydroxide solid into the crude product to adjust the pH until the pH is 10, extracting with isopropanol for three times, collecting upper-layer liquid, carrying out rotary evaporation, and recovering isopropanol to obtain an intermediate 2, wherein the dosage ratio of the intermediate 1, the hydrazine hydrate and the absolute ethyl alcohol is 10 g: 75 g: 100mL, and the volume ratio of the deionized water and the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: 1;

step S3, adding polylactic acid into 1, 4-dioxane, stirring at a constant speed at 60 ℃ until the system is uniform, then adding an aqueous solution of an intermediate 2, preserving heat and reacting for 30min, then carrying out cryopreservation at-35 ℃ for 12h, then extracting at-4 ℃ for four days, changing water for three times each day for exchange, and then carrying out cryopreservation at-35 ℃ for 4h again to prepare modified polylactic acid nanoparticles, wherein the weight ratio of the aqueous solution of the polylactic acid and the intermediate 2 to the 1, 4-dioxane is 1.5 g: 1.85 g: 16.75 g;

step S4, after vacuum drying the modified polylactic acid nano particles, hot-pressing the modified polylactic acid nano particles into a sample with the thickness of 1mm by a vulcanizing machine under the conditions that the temperature is 180 ℃ and the pressure is 10MPa, and then placing the sample into a supercritical CO atmosphere₂Soaking for 1h, controlling the soaking temperature at 150 ℃ and the pressure at 20MPa, then introducing cooling water within 1min to cool to 100 ℃, soaking for 10min, then reducing the pressure to 10MPa, soaking for 5min, finally decompressing and shaping to obtain the modified nano-microspheres.

Example 2

The modified nano-microsphere comprises the following steps:

step S1, adding dichlorotriethanol into N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring at a constant speed for 30min, adding potassium phthalimide, stirring at a constant speed, heating to 65 ℃, continuing stirring and reacting for 24h, adding deionized water after the reaction is finished, stirring until a white solid is precipitated, performing suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain an intermediate 1, and controlling the dosage ratio of dichlorotriethanol, N-dimethylformamide and potassium phthalimide to be 30 g: 150 mL: 80 g;

step S2, adding the prepared intermediate 1 and hydrazine hydrate into absolute ethyl alcohol, heating to 70 ℃, carrying out reflux reaction for 2h, stopping heating, adding concentrated hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 37% to adjust the pH until the pH of the system is 3, carrying out suction filtration, carrying out rotary evaporation and concentration to 100mL, adding deionized water, filtering, then continuing rotary evaporation and concentration to 100mL to obtain a crude product, adding sodium hydroxide solid into the crude product to adjust the pH until the pH is 10, extracting with isopropanol for three times, collecting upper-layer liquid, carrying out rotary evaporation, and recovering isopropanol to obtain an intermediate 2, wherein the dosage ratio of the intermediate 1, the hydrazine hydrate and the absolute ethyl alcohol is 10 g: 75 g: 100mL, and the volume ratio of the deionized water and the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: 1;

step S3, adding polylactic acid into 1, 4-dioxane, stirring at a constant speed at 60 ℃ until the system is uniform, then adding an aqueous solution of an intermediate 2, preserving heat and reacting for 30min, then carrying out cryopreservation at-35 ℃ for 12h, then extracting at-2 ℃ for four days, changing water for three times each day for exchange, and then carrying out cryopreservation at-35 ℃ for 4h again to prepare modified polylactic acid nanoparticles, wherein the weight ratio of the aqueous solution of the polylactic acid and the intermediate 2 to the 1, 4-dioxane is 1.5 g: 1.85 g: 16.75 g;

step S4, after vacuum drying the modified polylactic acid nano particles, hot-pressing the modified polylactic acid nano particles into a sample with the thickness of 1mm by a vulcanizing machine under the conditions that the temperature is 180 ℃ and the pressure is 10MPa, and then placing the sample into a supercritical CO atmosphere₂Soaking for 1h, controlling the soaking temperature at 150 ℃ and the pressure at 20MPa, then introducing cooling water within 1min to cool to 105 ℃, soaking for 10min, then reducing the pressure to 10MPa, soaking for 5min, finally decompressing and shaping to obtain the modified nano-microspheres.

Example 3

The modified nano-microsphere comprises the following steps:

step S1, adding dichlorotriethanol into N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring at a constant speed for 30min, adding potassium phthalimide, stirring at a constant speed, heating to 65 ℃, continuing stirring and reacting for 24h, adding deionized water after the reaction is finished, stirring until a white solid is precipitated, performing suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain an intermediate 1, and controlling the dosage ratio of dichlorotriethanol, N-dimethylformamide and potassium phthalimide to be 30 g: 150 mL: 80 g;

step S2, adding the prepared intermediate 1 and hydrazine hydrate into absolute ethyl alcohol, heating to 70 ℃, carrying out reflux reaction for 2h, stopping heating, adding concentrated hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 37% to adjust the pH until the pH of the system is 3, carrying out suction filtration, carrying out rotary evaporation and concentration to 100mL, adding deionized water, filtering, then continuing rotary evaporation and concentration to 100mL to obtain a crude product, adding sodium hydroxide solid into the crude product to adjust the pH until the pH is 10, extracting with isopropanol for three times, collecting upper-layer liquid, carrying out rotary evaporation, and recovering isopropanol to obtain an intermediate 2, wherein the dosage ratio of the intermediate 1, the hydrazine hydrate and the absolute ethyl alcohol is 10 g: 75 g: 100mL, and the volume ratio of the deionized water and the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: 1;

step S3, adding polylactic acid into 1, 4-dioxane, stirring at a constant speed at 60 ℃ until the system is uniform, then adding an aqueous solution of an intermediate 2, preserving heat and reacting for 30min, then carrying out cryopreservation at-35 ℃ for 12h, then extracting at 0 ℃ for four days, changing water for three times each day for exchange, and then carrying out cryopreservation at-35 ℃ for 4h again to obtain modified polylactic acid nanoparticles, wherein the weight ratio of the aqueous solution of the polylactic acid and the intermediate 2 to the 1, 4-dioxane is 1.5 g: 1.85 g: 16.75 g;

step S4, after vacuum drying the modified polylactic acid nano particles, hot-pressing the modified polylactic acid nano particles into a sample with the thickness of 1mm by a vulcanizing machine under the conditions that the temperature is 180 ℃ and the pressure is 10MPa, and then placing the sample into a supercritical CO atmosphere₂Soaking for 1h, controlling the soaking temperature to be 150 ℃, controlling the pressure to be 20MPa, then introducing cooling water to reduce the temperature to 110 ℃ within 1min, soaking for 10min, reducing the pressure to 10MPa, soaking for 5min, finally decompressing and shaping to obtain the modified nano microspheres.

Comparative example 1

This comparative example is a commercially available nano-polylactic acid particle.

The porosity of the particles prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 was measured, and the results are shown in table 1 below:

TABLE 1

	Example 1	Example 2	Example 3	Comparative example 1
					Porosity%	41	40	42	5

From the above table 1, it can be seen that the porosities of examples 1 to 3 are 40 to 42%, and the porosity of comparative example 1 is 5%.

Example 4

A light coal gangue brick comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 10 parts of modified nano microspheres prepared in example 1, 75 parts of coal gangue, 5 parts of clay, 20 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of reinforcing agent, 3 parts of blast furnace slag and 2.5 parts of bentonite;

firstly, crushing coal gangue, screening by using a drum screen, uniformly mixing clay, blast furnace slag, bentonite, coal gangue and fly ash, and continuously stirring for 30min to prepare a mixture;

secondly, mixing the mixture, the reinforcing agent and the modified nano-microspheres, adding water, stirring at a constant speed until a paste is formed, continuing stirring for 30min, and then aging;

and thirdly, pressing the mixture into a green brick, drying the green brick in a drying chamber, and finally sintering the green brick at the temperature of 1000 ℃ to obtain the light coal gangue brick.

The reinforcing agent is prepared by the following steps: according to the weight portion, 5 portions of bamboo charcoal powder, 0.1 portion of sodium metasilicate, 0.3 portion of stearic acid, 0.9 portion of cellulose nitrate and 7 portions of silica sol are uniformly mixed at 40 ℃ to prepare the reinforcing agent.

Example 5

A light coal gangue brick comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 12 parts of modified nano microspheres prepared in example 1, 80 parts of coal gangue, 8 parts of clay, 22 parts of fly ash, 5.5 parts of reinforcing agent, 4 parts of blast furnace slag and 3 parts of bentonite;

firstly, crushing coal gangue, screening by using a drum screen, uniformly mixing clay, blast furnace slag, bentonite, coal gangue and fly ash, and continuously stirring for 30min to prepare a mixture;

secondly, mixing the mixture, the reinforcing agent and the modified nano-microspheres, adding water, stirring at a constant speed until a paste is formed, continuing stirring for 30min, and then aging;

and thirdly, pressing the mixture into a green brick, drying the green brick in a drying chamber, and finally sintering the green brick at the temperature of 1000 ℃ to obtain the light coal gangue brick.

The reinforcing agent is prepared by the following steps: according to the weight portion, 8 portions of bamboo charcoal powder, 0.3 portion of sodium metasilicate, 0.4 portion of stearic acid, 1.0 portion of cellulose nitrate and 8 portions of silica sol are uniformly mixed at 42 ℃ to prepare the reinforcing agent.

Example 6

A light coal gangue brick comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 15 parts of modified nano microspheres prepared in example 1, 85 parts of coal gangue, 10 parts of clay, 25 parts of fly ash, 6.5 parts of reinforcing agent, 5 parts of blast furnace slag and 5.5 parts of bentonite;

firstly, crushing coal gangue, screening by using a drum screen, uniformly mixing clay, blast furnace slag, bentonite, coal gangue and fly ash, and continuously stirring for 30min to prepare a mixture;

secondly, mixing the mixture, the reinforcing agent and the modified nano-microspheres, adding water, stirring at a constant speed until a paste is formed, continuing stirring for 30min, and then aging;

and thirdly, pressing the mixture into a green brick, drying the green brick in a drying chamber, and finally sintering the green brick at the temperature of 1000 ℃ to obtain the light coal gangue brick.

The reinforcing agent is prepared by the following steps: according to the weight portion, 10 portions of bamboo charcoal powder, 0.5 portion of sodium metasilicate, 0.5 portion of stearic acid, 1.2 portions of cellulose nitrate and 11 portions of silica sol are uniformly mixed at 45 ℃ to prepare the reinforcing agent.

Comparative example 2

Compared with example 4, the modified nano-microsphere is replaced by ammonium bicarbonate in the comparative example.

Comparative example 3

The comparative example is a gangue brick produced by a refractory company in Shandong.

The gangue bricks prepared in examples 4 to 6 and comparative examples 2 to 3 were tested, and the results are shown in the following table 2:

mechanical properties: detecting the compressive strength according to GB 5101;

and (3) frost-forming detection: and (4) detecting the blooming degree according to GB5101, and observing the appearance of the coal gangue brick after 72 hours.

TABLE 2

As can be seen from Table 2 above, the compressive strengths of examples 4 to 6 were 22.3 to 22.5MPa, and those of comparative examples 2 to 3 were 16.8 to 22.5 MPa; therefore, the modified nano microspheres are heated and decomposed to form pores in the brick, but the raw materials dispersed in the modified nano microspheres are sintered into a brick body, so that the weight of the coal gangue brick is reduced on the premise of not influencing the mechanical strength of the coal gangue brick, and the service performance of the coal gangue brick is improved.

In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.