阅读说明：本技术 一种单向椎弓根螺钉及脊柱后路内固定系统 (One-way pedicle screw and posterior spinal internal fixation system ) 是由 崔克玲 袁森 于 2021-08-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种单向椎弓根螺钉及脊柱后路内固定系统。该脊柱后路内固定系统包括单向椎弓根螺钉和连接棒。一种单向椎弓根螺钉包括：钉杆,其用于与骨质连接；安装座,其位于所述钉杆一端,且用于与连接棒连接；垫片,其可转动地安装在所述安装座内,并能够支撑所述连接棒；螺塞,其与所述安装座螺纹连接,且能够将所述连接棒压紧在所述垫片上。本发明单向椎弓根螺钉的安装座内装配垫片,垫片能够在安装座内转动,连接棒通过螺塞压紧在垫片上,能够实现单向椎弓根螺钉轴线与连接棒轴线在一定角度范围内的任意角度锁紧固定,能够应用于脊柱后凸畸形和侧弯矫形术中,使脊柱矫形曲度可以得到完整保持和固定。(The invention provides a unidirectional pedicle screw and a posterior spinal fixation system. The posterior spinal fixation system comprises a one-way pedicle screw and a connecting rod. A one-way pedicle screw comprising: a nail stem for connection with a bone; the mounting seat is positioned at one end of the nail rod and is used for being connected with the connecting rod; a spacer rotatably installed in the mount base and capable of supporting the connection rod; and the screw plug is in threaded connection with the mounting seat and can press the connecting rod on the gasket. The spacer is assembled in the mounting seat of the one-way pedicle screw, the spacer can rotate in the mounting seat, the connecting rod is pressed on the spacer through the screw plug, the locking and fixing of the axis of the one-way pedicle screw and the axis of the connecting rod at any angle within a certain angle range can be realized, and the one-way pedicle screw can be applied to kyphosis and lateral curvature correction of the spine, so that the correction curvature of the spine can be completely maintained and fixed.)

1. A one-way pedicle screw, comprising:

a nail shank (1) for connection with a bone mass;

the mounting seat (2) is positioned at one end of the nail rod (1) and is used for being connected with the connecting rod (5);

a spacer (3) rotatably mounted in the mounting seat (2) and capable of supporting the connecting rod (5);

and the screw plug (4) is in threaded connection with the mounting seat (2) and can press the connecting rod (5) on the gasket (3).

2. The one-way pedicle screw as claimed in claim 1, wherein: gasket (3) are the semicylindrical structure, be provided with guide slot (21) on mount pad (2), the bottom surface of guide slot (21) with semicylinder (31) the laminating of gasket (3), just the bottom surface of guide slot (21) with semicylinder (31) have the same centre of gyration, and this centre of gyration coincides with the axis of semicylinder (31).

3. The one-way pedicle screw as claimed in claim 2, wherein: all be provided with on two relative planes of gasket (3) follow spout (32) that the circumference of gasket (3) centre of rotation extends, be equipped with on mount pad (2) with spout (32) complex arch (22), arch (22) can be in relative in spout (32) reciprocating motion.

4. The one-way pedicle screw as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein: the surface of the gasket (3) opposite to the semi-cylindrical surface (31) is provided with a containing groove (33), and the cross section of the containing groove (33) is arc-shaped and is used for containing the connecting rod (5).

5. The one-way pedicle screw as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the included angle between the axis of the containing groove (33) and the axis of the one-way pedicle screw ranges from 80 degrees to 100 degrees.

6. The one-way pedicle screw as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and the semi-cylindrical surface (31) of the gasket (3) is provided with a sand blasting layer.

7. The one-way pedicle screw as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the anti-skidding structure is characterized in that a plurality of anti-skidding grooves (34) are formed in the semi-cylindrical surface (31) of the gasket (3), and the length direction of each anti-skidding groove (34) is parallel to the rotation center of the gasket (3).

8. The one-way pedicle screw as claimed in claim 1, wherein: one end of the screw plug (4) is provided with a tool hole (41), the other end of the screw plug is provided with a pressing head (42), and the pressing head (42) is conical.

9. The one-way pedicle screw as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the cone angle of the compression head (42) ranges from 140 degrees to 160 degrees.

10. A posterior spinal fixation system comprising the one-way pedicle screw of any one of claims 1-9, and a connecting rod (5), wherein the connecting rod (5) is used for connecting the one-way pedicle screws arranged at intervals.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to a unidirectional pedicle screw and a posterior spinal internal fixation system.

Background

The thoracolumbar posterior transpedicular screw internal fixation technology is the most widely applied internal fixation technology for treating thoracolumbar fracture in spinal surgery. The internal fixation system composed of the pedicle screws and the connecting rod can lead the pedicle screws to penetrate through the anterior, middle and posterior three columns of the spine, realizes deformity correction and vertebral injury fixation through posterior surgery, has the advantages of small surgical injury, easy exposure, simple operation, reliable fixation and the like, has obvious biomechanical advantages, is quite mature technically, and is widely applied to clinic. Clinically, most thoracolumbar fractures are flexion type injuries, the most common flexion-compression type injuries or flexion-stretch type injuries can cause the injured vertebra and the vertebra adjacent to the injured vertebra to generate different degrees of kyphosis, and researches show that the average orthopedic degree of the posterior spinal orthopedic operation on the sagittal plane is 1.8 degrees. Because the U type groove subassembly of traditional multiaxis axial pedicle of vertebral arch screw passes through the structure be assembled between/be connected between with the nail pole subassembly through universal ball joint, the activity of a plurality of angles can be realized to the bulb of nail pole subassembly in the bulb hole of U type groove subassembly, can fix the angle after final locking, and the operation that resets takes place before final locking, can't change the angle of nail pole subassembly through adjustment U type groove subassembly, also hardly reaches the purpose of correcting the back arch.

The height of the injured vertebra can be recovered by using the traditional one-way pedicle screw in a distraction or pressurization mode, but the traditional connecting rod is not subjected to bending treatment, and the effect of correcting the kyphosis is not obvious. Because the relative screw pole portion in U type groove of traditional one-way pedicle of vertebral arch screw is the vertical relation of 90 jiaos, the laminating in U type groove of traditional connective bar and traditional one-way pedicle of vertebral arch screw after final locking for traditional connective bar can also be the vertical relation of 90 jiaos with the nail pole of traditional one-way pedicle of vertebral arch screw, want to correct the back convex deformity, just need guarantee that the orthopedic angle of traditional one-way pedicle of vertebral arch screw does not change after final locking, need carry out bending process to traditional connective bar usually, make the degree in U type groove of traditional connective bar and traditional one-way pedicle of vertebral arch screw unanimous.

If the radian required by the convex back orthopedic cannot be reached after the traditional connecting rod is bent once, the traditional connecting rod needs to be bent for multiple times, and after the traditional connecting rod is bent for multiple times, the mechanical property of the traditional connecting rod is possibly reduced, so that the problem of unsatisfactory fixing effect after the orthopedic operation is caused.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the present invention is directed to a unidirectional pedicle screw and a posterior spinal fixation system, which are suitable for thoracolumbar posterior fixation via the unidirectional pedicle screw, so as to achieve the locking and fixation of the unidirectional pedicle screw and the connecting rod at any angle within a certain angle range in the axial direction, and can be applied to kyphosis and lateral curvature correction surgery, so that the curvature of spinal correction can be completely maintained and fixed.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

a one-way pedicle screw comprising:

a nail stem for connection with a bone;

the mounting seat is positioned at one end of the nail rod and is used for being connected with the connecting rod;

a spacer rotatably installed in the mount base and capable of supporting the connection rod;

and the screw plug is in threaded connection with the mounting seat and can press the connecting rod on the gasket.

As a preferable scheme of the above one-way pedicle screw, the spacer is of a semi-cylindrical structure, the mounting seat is provided with a guide groove, the bottom surface of the guide groove is attached to the semi-cylindrical surface of the spacer, the bottom surface of the guide groove and the semi-cylindrical surface have the same center of rotation, and the center of rotation coincides with the axis of the semi-cylindrical surface.

As a preferable scheme of the above one-way pedicle screw, two opposite planes of the shim are both provided with a sliding groove extending along the circumferential direction of the rotation center of the shim, and the mounting seat is provided with a protrusion matched with the sliding groove, wherein the protrusion can reciprocate in the sliding groove relative to the sliding groove.

As a preferable scheme of the above one-way pedicle screw, a receiving groove is formed in a surface of the spacer opposite to the semi-cylindrical surface, and a cross section of the receiving groove is arc-shaped and is used for receiving the connecting rod.

As a preferable scheme of the above one-way pedicle screw, an included angle between an axis of the accommodating groove and an axis of the one-way pedicle screw is in a range of 80 ° to 100 °.

As a preferable scheme of the one-way pedicle screw, the semi-cylindrical surface of the gasket is provided with a sand blasting layer.

As a preferred scheme of the one-way pedicle screw, a plurality of anti-skidding grooves are formed in the semi-cylindrical surface of the spacer, and the length direction of each anti-skidding groove is parallel to the rotation center of the spacer.

As a preferred scheme of the one-way pedicle screw, one end of the screw plug is provided with a tool hole, the other end of the screw plug is provided with a pressing head, and the pressing head is conical.

As a preferable scheme of the one-way pedicle screw, the conical angle of the pressing head ranges from 140 degrees to 160 degrees.

The utility model provides a way of escape internal fixation system of backbone, includes foretell one-way pedicle of vertebral arch screw, way of escape internal fixation system of backbone still includes the connective bar, the connective bar is used for connecting the interval setting one-way pedicle of vertebral arch screw.

Compared with the prior art, the unidirectional pedicle screw and the posterior spinal internal fixation system have the following advantages:

according to the invention, the gasket is assembled in the mounting seat of the one-way pedicle screw, the gasket can rotate in the mounting seat, the connecting rod is pressed on the gasket through the screw plug, so that the locking and fixing of the axis of the one-way pedicle screw and the axis of the connecting rod at any angle within a certain angle range can be realized, and the one-way pedicle screw can be applied to kyphosis and lateral curvature correction surgery, so that the spinal correction curvature can be completely maintained and fixed.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a posterior spinal fixation system according to this embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the plane through the axis of the connecting rod and the axis of the shank of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a one-way pedicle screw in this embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a gasket according to the present embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of another gasket according to the present embodiment;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a plug screw according to the present embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a one-way pedicle screw with a guide hole in the screw rod according to the present embodiment;

fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in fig. 8.

Description of reference numerals:

1. a nail rod; 2. a mounting seat; 3. a gasket; 4. a plug screw; 5. a connecting rod;

11. a guide hole; 12. a side hole;

21. a guide groove; 22. a protrusion; 31. a semi-cylindrical surface; 32. a chute; 33. a containing groove; 34. an anti-slip groove;

41. a tool hole; 42. and a compression head.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the present embodiment provides a posterior spinal fixation system, which includes unidirectional pedicle screws and a connection rod 5, wherein the connection rod 5 is used for connecting the unidirectional pedicle screws arranged at intervals. Wherein, the one-way pedicle screw comprises a screw rod 1, a mounting seat 2, a gasket 3 and a plug screw 4. The nail rod 1 is used for connecting with a bone; the mounting seat 2 is positioned at one end of the nail rod 1 and is used for being connected with the connecting rod 5; the gasket 3 is rotatably arranged in the mounting seat 2 and can support the connecting rod 5; the screw plug 4 is in threaded connection with the mounting seat 2 and can press the connecting rod 5 on the gasket 3.

In this embodiment, when one-way pedicle of vertebral arch screw and 5 cooperations of connective bar were corrected hindering vertebra or lateral curvature, need not to buckle connective bar 5, rotate through 3 gaskets with 5 cooperations of connective bar to realize that one-way pedicle of vertebral arch screw can be greater than or be less than 90 with the contained angle between connective bar 5 to make patient's backbone adjust physiological curvature, and can effectually keep. This one-way pedicle of vertebral arch screw's structure can make connective bar 5 not crooked, guarantees that connective bar 5 keeps better mechanical properties, avoids because buckle and leads to the circumstances such as connective bar 5 easy rupture.

In this embodiment, referring to fig. 3 to 5, the spacer 3 of the one-way pedicle screw has a semi-cylindrical structure, the mounting seat 2 is provided with a guide groove 21, the bottom surface of the guide groove 21 is attached to the semi-cylindrical surface 31 of the spacer 3, the bottom surface of the guide groove 21 and the semi-cylindrical surface 31 have the same center of rotation, and the center of rotation coincides with the axis of the semi-cylindrical surface 31. In other embodiments, the spacer 3 may be in other structural forms, such as a defected semi-cylindrical structure, and can stably rotate in the mounting seat 2, so as to adjust the included angle between the axis of the connecting rod 5 and the axis of the one-way pedicle screw. In addition, in this embodiment, the guide groove 21 can be attached to the semi-cylindrical surface 31 of the spacer 3, so as to provide a guiding function for the rotation of the spacer 3, thereby ensuring the stability of the spacer 3 in the rotation process, and meanwhile, when the connecting rod 5 is connected with the one-way pedicle screw, the connecting rod 5 is pressed on the spacer 3, and the guide groove 21 can provide stable support for the spacer 3 and the connecting rod 5, thereby ensuring the stability of the posterior spinal internal fixation system. In addition, the width of guide slot 21 can be the same with the width of gasket 3, can rotate the degree of rocking that the process reduced gasket 3 both sides at gasket 3, guarantees that 3 pivoted of gasket are smooth and easy in this one-way pedicle of vertebral arch screw use.

In this embodiment, the two opposite planes of the gasket 3 are both provided with the sliding grooves 32 extending along the circumferential direction of the rotation center of the gasket 3, the mounting base 2 is provided with the protrusions 22 engaged with the sliding grooves 32, and the protrusions 22 can reciprocate in the sliding grooves 32 relative to the sliding grooves 32. In the present embodiment, the protrusion 22 is formed by hitting inward from two sides on the inner wall of the mounting seat 2. The cooperation of protruding 22 and spout 32 can provide the guide effect for the rotation of gasket 3 on the one hand, and protruding 11 of on the other hand has limiting displacement to the inner wall at spout 32 both ends, consequently also has carried out the restriction to the rotation range of gasket 3, avoids the too big condition that deviates from or avoids needing the adjustment because the position that gasket 3 rotated in the operation process is improper of gasket 3 rotation range. In the embodiment, the sliding groove 32 can limit the rotation angle range of the cushion block relative to the axis of the one-way pedicle screw to-10 degrees to 10 degrees, the angle required by shape correction can be met, the gasket 3 can be limited in the range, the connecting rod 5 can be directly and smoothly installed in the one-way pedicle screw during surgery, the situations that whether the position of the gasket 3 is proper and the like do not need to be considered, and the smooth operation of the surgery is ensured. The range of the rotation angle of the spacer 3 can be adjusted according to the circumstances.

In the present embodiment, the surface of the gasket 3 facing the semi-cylindrical surface 31 is provided with an accommodating groove 33, and the cross section of the accommodating groove 33 is arc-shaped and is used for accommodating the connecting rod 5. The radial radius of the containing groove 33 is equal to the radius of the connecting rod 5, so that the connecting rod 5 and the one-way pedicle screw can be more stably connected.

The included angle range between the axis of the containing groove 33 and the axis of the one-way pedicle screw is 80-100 degrees, which is equivalent to the included angle range between the axis of the connecting rod 5 and the axis of the one-way pedicle screw after the connecting rod 5 is connected with the one-way pedicle screw, and the included angle range is limited by the rotating angle range of the gasket 3.

In this embodiment, the half-cylindrical surface 31 of the gasket 3 is provided with a sand blasting layer, and the sand blasting layer increases the friction force of the contact between the gasket 3 and the guide groove 21, thereby further improving the stability of the gasket 3 and the stability of the overall posterior spinal fixation system. Furthermore, the semi-cylindrical surface 31 of the spacer 3 is provided with a plurality of anti-slip grooves 34, and the length direction of the anti-slip grooves 34 is parallel to the rotation center of the spacer 3, so that the friction force between the spacer 3 and the guide groove 21 is further increased, and the stability of the posterior spinal fixation system is further improved.

In the present embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 7, a tool hole 41 is formed at one end of the screw plug 4, and the tool hole 41 is a quincunx hole, and is matched with an operation tool to screw the screw plug 4 into the mounting seat 2 by the operation tool; the other end of the screw plug 4 is provided with a pressing head 42, the pressing head 42 is conical, and after the screw plug 4 is screwed into the mounting base 2, the connecting rod 5 is pressed on the cushion block through the pressing head 42. In this embodiment, the inner wall of the mounting base 2 is provided with an internal thread, the plug screw 4 is provided with an external thread, and the plug screw 4 is in threaded connection with the mounting base 2.

The conical angle of the pressing head 42 ranges from 140 degrees to 160 degrees, the top of the pressing head 42 is spherical, and when the included angle between the axial line of the one-way pedicle screw and the axial line of the connecting rod 5 is not equal to 90 degrees, the conical surface of the pressing head 42 of the screw plug 4 can firmly press the connecting rod 5.

Chamfers are arranged at two ends of the connecting rod 5, and the chamfers can reduce stimulation to adjacent tissues.

Referring to fig. 8 and 9, a guide hole 11 is arranged in the nail rod 1, and the guide hole 11 is a through hole which is arranged along the axis of the nail rod 1 and penetrates from the tail end of the nail rod 1 to the mounting seat 2. A plurality of side holes 12 are formed in the side wall of the nail rod 1, the side holes 12 are radially arranged along the nail rod 1, and the side holes 12 are communicated with the guide holes 11 through the outer side wall of the nail rod 1. The guide hole 11 can be used in minimally invasive surgery, and can be more accurately positioned and screwed into a vertebral body by extending a guide wire into the guide hole 11 for positioning; the side wall of the nail rod is provided with a plurality of side holes 12, the side holes 12 are communicated with the inner wall of the guide hole 11 and the outer wall of the nail rod 1, the side holes 12 can be used for patients suffering from osteoporosis, bone cement is injected from the guide hole 11, and the bone cement can be discharged along the side holes 12 and enter an osteoporosis area so as to enhance the fixing holding force of the one-way pedicle screw on a vertebral body.

In the operation process, firstly, implanting a unidirectional pedicle screw on a planned vertebral body; placing the connecting rod 5 into the mounting seat 2, and sequentially and longitudinally connecting the spaced unidirectional pedicle screws; screwing the screw plug 4 into the mounting seat 2 by using a corresponding surgical tool, so that the pressing head 42 of the screw plug 4 is pressed against the side wall of the connecting rod 5 in advance; then the height of the injured vertebra is restored in a propping or pressurizing mode, the rotation of the gasket 3 in the mounting seat 2 is utilized to adjust the angle of the screw rod 1, the relative angle between the axis of the one-way pedicle screw and the axis of the connecting rod 5 can be adjusted according to the actual situation, and the posterior convex deformity or lateral curvature at the injured vertebra is corrected; finally, the screw plugs 4 are used for locking the one-way pedicle screws one by one, so that the height of the injured vertebra after restoration and the angle of the injured vertebra after correction are both kept, the connecting rod 5 does not need to be bent in the whole process, and the orthopedic fixation is easier to realize compared with the traditional technology.

In addition, in this embodiment, can once bend the connective bar 5, then utilize the gasket 3 to adjust the angle of connective bar 5 and one-way pedicle of vertebral arch screw, need not to bend the accurate radian of adjustment repeatedly, guaranteed the stability of connective bar 5's mechanical properties.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.