阅读说明：本技术 一种行星孔镗削方法 (Planet hole boring method ) 是由 狄成宝 王小亮 曹江 郑俊强 罗有朋 曾凡恩 黄锦红 周汉松 于 2021-10-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种行星孔镗削方法,包括步骤：将弯板安装于工作台；利用主轴镗刀扫光所述安装面；利用主轴镗刀在所述安装面上镗一测量孔；安装杠杆表,盘动主轴一圈,记录杠杆表的跳动值ξ-(0)；在测量孔底面盘动主轴一圈,记录杠杆表的跳动值ξ-(1)；旋转台旋转180°并移动Y轴,记录杠杆表的跳动值ξ-(2)；根据公式计算测得主轴静态及动态挠度、立柱倾斜在Y轴单位长度对Z轴长度的影响值,通过机床自带的主轴挠度补偿程序以及NC代码编程,进行主轴挠度补偿以及立柱倾斜补偿；通过间接测量法,在行星孔极径和分度方向补偿位置度误差。本申请根据测得的补偿参数调节设备即可实现行星孔垂直度及位置度的高精补偿,减少立柱调整频次,节约生产成本,应用于各类卧式镗床。(The invention provides a planet hole boring method, which comprises the following steps: mounting the bent plate on a workbench; the mounting surface is polished by a spindle boring cutter; boring a measuring hole on the mounting surface by using a spindle boring cutter; installing a lever indicator, turning a main shaft for a circle, and recording a jumping value xi of the lever indicator 0 (ii) a The main shaft is coiled for one circle on the bottom surface of the measuring hole, and the jumping value xi of the lever meter is recorded 1 (ii) a The rotating platform rotates 180 degrees and moves the Y axis to record the jumping value xi of the lever indicator 2 (ii) a Calculating and measuring the influence values of static and dynamic deflection of the main shaft and the unit length of the column inclination on the Z-axis length in the Y-axis according to a formula, and performing main shaft deflection compensation and column inclination compensation through a main shaft deflection compensation program and NC code programming of a machine tool; position errors are compensated for in the radial and indexing directions of the planet apertures by indirect measurement. According to the method, high-precision compensation of the perpendicularity and the position accuracy of the planet hole can be realized according to measured compensation parameter adjusting equipment, the adjusting frequency of the stand column is reduced, and the sectionThe production cost is reduced, and the method is applied to various horizontal boring machines.)

1. A planetary hole boring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

mounting the bent plate (4) on a workbench (5);

scanning the mounting surface (41) of the bending plate (4) by using a spindle boring cutter;

boring a measuring hole on the mounting surface (41) by using a spindle boring cutter;

a lever meter (6) is arranged on a cutter head or a cutter bridge with the rotary diameter of D, a circle of main shaft (1) is coiled, and the jumping value xi of the lever meter (6) is recorded₀；

The main shaft (1) is coiled for one circle on the bottom surface of the measuring hole, and the jumping value xi of the lever indicator (6) is recorded₁；

The rotary table rotates 180 degrees and moves the Y axis to record L_YJitter value xi of lever meter (6) in range₂；

According to the formula:respectively determining the influence values of the static deflection and the dynamic deflection of the main shaft (1) and the inclination of the upright post (2) on the Z-axis length in the Y-axis unit length: xi_Quiet、ξ_{Movable part}、ξ_Oblique；

According to xi_{Movable part}Carrying out deflection compensation on the main shaft by a main shaft deflection compensation program carried by the machine tool;

according to xi_ObliqueThe NC code is used for programming the influence value of the inclination of the upright post (2) on the effective extension length of the Z axis when the Y axis moves up and down in the opposite direction dynamic compensation;

roughly boring each hole by running coordinates;

selecting a reference hole, and enabling the reference hole to be positioned on a preset distribution circle through radius borrowing;

measuring the diameter of each hole on the planet carrier (3) and the radius-removing distance between any two adjacent holes;

calculating the coordinate position of each measuring hole according to the measured diameter of each hole and the radius-removing distance of each hole by taking the reference hole as a reference;

and carrying out position degree compensation through pole diameter and angle compensation.

2. A planetary hole boring method according to claim 1, characterized in that said step, after mounting the bent plate (4) on the table (5), also comprises the use of a measuring tool to ensure that the mounting surface (41) of the bent plate (4) is perpendicular to the machine spindle (1).

3. The planetary hole boring method of claim 1, wherein the steps of: and scanning the mounting surface (41) by using a spindle boring cutter, specifically, moving a Z axis and a W axis of a machine tool, and scanning the mounting surface (41) of the bent plate (4) under the matching of an X axis and a Y axis.

4. A planetary hole boring method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the step of dynamically compensating the influence value of the inclination of the upright post (2) on the effective elongation length of the Z axis when the Y axis moves up and down through programming of NC codes in the opposite direction, the step of moving the W axis to re-sweep the mounting surface (41) and aligning the inner hole and the end surface reference of the planet carrier (3) is further included.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of planet hole machining, in particular to a planet hole boring method.

Background

The high-precision planetary structure speed reducer puts forward higher requirements on the position degree and the perpendicularity of a planetary hole on the planet carrier due to the design consideration of noise reduction and durability.

At the present stage, the high-precision planet carrier planet hole is mainly formed by a vertical boring machine and is machined and guaranteed through a high-precision rotating table. However, when the vertical boring machine is insufficient or the machining range and precision of the vertical boring machine are limited, the horizontal boring machine is considered to be adopted for machining. When the horizontal boring machine is used for processing the planetary holes with large span, high position degree and verticality, the processing precision of the planetary holes is low due to the influences of the verticality of the upright column attached to the machine tool spindle, the dynamic and static deflection difference of the spindle, the repeated positioning precision of the machine tool spindle and other factors.

Therefore, how to realize high-precision machining of boring on a horizontal boring machine is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a planetary hole boring method which can be widely applied to various types of horizontal boring machines and meets the machining requirements of high-position and high-verticality planetary holes.

The invention provides a planet hole boring method, which comprises the following steps:

mounting the bent plate on a workbench;

the mounting surface is polished by a spindle boring cutter;

boring a measuring hole on the mounting surface by using a spindle boring cutter;

a lever meter is arranged on a cutter head or a cutter bridge with the rotary diameter of D, and a first main shaft is coiledRing, record the jumping value xi of the lever meter₀；

The bottom surface of the measuring hole is coiled for one circle of the main shaft, and the jumping value xi of the lever meter is recorded₁；

The rotary table rotates 180 degrees and moves the Y axis to record L_YWithin range, the jumping value xi of the lever meter₂；

According to the formula:respectively determining the influence values of the static deflection and the dynamic deflection of the main shaft and the inclination of the upright post on the Z-axis length in the Y-axis unit length: xi_Quiet、ξ_{Movable part}、ξ_Oblique；

According to xi_{Movable part}Carrying out deflection compensation on the main shaft by a main shaft deflection compensation program carried by the machine tool;

according to xi_ObliqueThe NC code is used for programming the influence value of the column inclination on the effective extension length of the Z axis when the Y axis moves up and down in the opposite direction dynamic compensation mode;

roughly boring each hole by running coordinates;

selecting a reference hole, and enabling the reference hole to be positioned on a preset distribution circle through radius borrowing;

measuring the diameter of each hole on the planet carrier and the radius-removing distance between any two adjacent holes;

calculating the position of each measuring hole according to the measured diameter of each hole and the radius-removing distance of each hole by taking the reference hole as a reference;

and carrying out position degree compensation through pole diameter and angle compensation.

Preferably, the step of mounting the bending plate on the workbench further comprises using a measuring tool to assist in ensuring that the mounting surface of the bending plate is perpendicular to the main shaft of the machine tool.

Preferably, the steps of: and scanning the mounting surface by using the spindle boring cutter, namely moving the Z axis and the W axis of the machine tool, and scanning the mounting surface of the bent plate under the matching of the X axis and the Y axis.

Preferably, after the step of programming the influence value of the column inclination on the effective extension length of the Z axis in the process of reversely and dynamically compensating the up-down movement of the Y axis through the NC code, the step of moving the W axis to re-sweep the mounting surface and aligning the inner hole of the planet carrier and the end surface reference is further included.

The planet hole boring method provided by the invention adopts the steps that a lever meter is arranged on a cutter disc or a cutter bridge, a blank disc and a main shaft are coiled on the bottom surface of a measuring hole, the jumping values are respectively measured through the lever meter, and then the deflection compensation value of the main shaft and the inclination compensation value of an upright post are respectively determined according to a formula. The diameter of each hole on the planet carrier and the radius-removing distance between any two adjacent holes are measured by selecting the reference hole, and the coordinate position of each measuring hole is calculated by taking the reference hole as a reference, so that the position compensation value of the aperture position of the planet is obtained. According to the planet hole boring method, under the condition that the equipment precision is not high, the machining precision of parts can be improved through compensation, the utilization rate of the equipment is improved, unnecessary equipment investment is reduced, the production cost is saved, and the high-precision planet carrier machining method is expanded.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating factors affecting perpendicularity of a planetary hole in the method for boring the planetary hole according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a planetary hole boring apparatus used in the planetary hole boring method provided by the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of axial deflection compensation in a planetary hole boring method according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of radial position compensation in the planetary hole boring method provided by the present invention.

Wherein, 1-main shaft, 2-upright post, 3-planet carrier, 4-bent plate, 5-workbench and 6-lever meter; 41-mounting surface.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the disclosure, the invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating factors affecting perpendicularity of a planetary hole in the planetary hole boring method provided by the present invention.

Aiming at the planet holes of the large-span planet carrier 3, the dynamic and static deflection of the main shaft 1 and the inclination degree of the upright post 2(Y axis) influence the verticality of the planet holes, and the repeated positioning precision of other coordinate axes influences the position degree of the planet holes. Therefore, in order to improve the machining precision of the planet holes, the requirements of perpendicularity and position degree of the planet holes need to be simultaneously guaranteed.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, fig. 2 is a schematic view of a planetary hole boring apparatus to which the planetary hole boring method according to the present invention is applied; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of axial deflection compensation in the planetary hole boring method provided by the present invention.

The invention provides a planet hole boring method, which is suitable for various planet carriers 3, in particular for the planet carrier 3 with high power and high precision, and comprises the following steps:

mounting the bent plate 4 on a workbench 5;

scanning the mounting surface 41 of the bending plate 4 by using a spindle boring cutter;

boring a measuring hole on the mounting surface 41 by using a spindle boring cutter;

a lever meter 6 is arranged on a cutter head or a cutter bridge with the rotary diameter of D, a main shaft is coiled for 1 circle, and the jumping value xi of the lever meter 6 is recorded₀；

The main shaft is coiled for 1 circle at the bottom surface of the measuring hole, and the jumping value xi of the lever indicator 6 is recorded₁The value is that the principal axis 1 is in the Y-axis direction L_YIn length, the two-way movement value of the column 2 in the Z-axis direction is adjusted;

the rotary table rotates 180 degrees and moves the Y axis to record L_YWithin the range, the jumping value xi of the lever meter 6₂；

According to the formula:respectively determining the static deflection and the dynamic deflection of the main shaft 1 and the influence value xi of the inclination of the upright post 2 on the Z-axis length in the Y-axis unit length_Quiet、ξ_{Movable part}、ξ_Oblique；

According to xi_{Movable part}Carrying out deflection compensation on the main shaft by a main shaft deflection compensation program carried by the machine tool;

according to xi_ObliqueThe NC code is used for programming the influence value of the inclination of the upright post 2 on the effective extension length of the Z axis when the Y axis moves up and down in the opposite direction dynamic compensation;

the X axis refers to the forward and backward movement direction of the column 2, the Y axis refers to the upward and downward movement direction of the column 2, the Z axis refers to the leftward and rightward telescopic movement direction of the spindle 1, and the W axis refers to the direction in which the table 5 moves toward or away from the spindle 1 on the slide rail.

The steps are as follows: the mounting surface 41 of the flare plate 4 is swept by the spindle boring cutter. Specifically, the Z-axis and the W-axis are moved, and then the mounting surface 41 is scanned in cooperation with the X-axis and the Y-axis. In the process, the Z-extension is ensured to be as short as possible and fixed in length on the premise of being larger than the span of the two-sided planet holes so as to ensure the processing precision and the processing safety.

When the spindle boring tool is used for boring the measuring hole, the inner end face of the hole needs to be bored flat, the hole depth is as shallow as possible, and the requirement of the spindle 1 on coiling motion is met.

Recording the jumping value xi of the lever meter 6 on the disk-driven spindle 1₀In the process, the Z-axis elongation L needs to be recorded_z6 jumping value xi of lever meter₀The length of the main shaft 1 in the Y-axis direction D is the difference value between the static deflection and the jumping of the upright post 2 in the Z-axis direction.

Jitter value xi₂Is a main shaft 1 in a Y-axis direction L_YIn length, the column 2 is inclined at the value of bidirectional movement in the Z-axis direction. Measurement at this valueIn the process of fixing, the Z-axis extension length L needs to be ensured_zThe measurement accuracy is ensured without change.

In the formula for measuring the influence value of the static deflection, the dynamic deflection and the inclination of the upright post 2 of the main shaft 1 on the Z-axis length, a negative sign is taken when the influence directions are required to be ensured to be consistent, and a positive sign is taken when the influence directions are opposite. In this application, the negative sign is taken.

In the link of main shaft deflection compensation, according to xi_{Movable part}The specific numerical value of (1) is tightened and compacted by a spindle deflection compensation program in a high-end system of the machine tool, so that the axis of the end part of the spindle 1 is perpendicular to the mounting surface 41 when the spindle 1 is machined.

In the step of column 2 tilt compensation, according to xi_ObliqueAnd by means of NC code programming, the Y-axis vertical movement is dynamically compensated in the opposite direction, and the influence of the inclination of the upright post 2 on the effective extension length of the Z axis is compensated.

The perpendicularity compensation of the star holes can be realized through the method.

Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic view illustrating radial position degree compensation in the planetary hole boring method according to the present invention.

The position degree compensation of the planet hole comprises the following steps:

roughly boring each hole by running coordinates;

selecting a reference hole, and enabling the reference hole to be positioned on a preset distribution circle through radius borrowing;

measuring the diameter of each hole in the planet carrier 3 and the distance between any two adjacent holes, i.e. D₀、d₁、d₂、d₃、L₁₂、L₁₃、L₂₃、L₁₀、L₂₀、L₃₀；

And calculating coordinate values of the measuring holes according to the measured diameters of the holes and the radius-removing intervals of the holes by taking the reference holes as reference, and performing position degree compensation through pole diameter and angle compensation.

According to the planet hole boring method, the influence of the deflection of the main shaft and the inclination of the stand column 2 on the perpendicularity of the planet hole is quantitatively detected, and the machining requirements of the planet hole with high position degree and high perpendicularity are met by the methods of main shaft deflection compensation, stand column 2 inclination compensation and planet hole radial position compensation.

According to the planet hole boring method provided by the invention, through indirect measurement, the influence of the static deflection of the main shaft 1, the dynamic deflection of the main shaft 1 and the inclination of the upright post 2 on the perpendicularity of the planet hole is quantitatively compensated, and the influence of the inclination of the upright post 2 on the end surface alignment state is quantitatively and dynamically compensated through programming. And compensating the position error in the machining process in the polar diameter and the indexing direction of the planet hole by an indirect measurement method. Therefore, the frequency of adjusting the machine tool upright post 2 can be reduced, and compared with the traditional mode of adjusting the upright post 2, the method reduces the workload and is easy to operate.

In order to ensure the mounting accuracy, in the step: in the process of installing the bent plate 4 on the workbench 5 and after the bent plate 4 is installed, the perpendicularity of the installation surface 41 needs to be grasped with the aid of a measuring tool, so as to ensure that the installation surface 41 of the bent plate 4 is perpendicular to the machine tool spindle 1.

After the inclination compensation of the upright 2, it is further necessary to re-plane the installation plane. Specifically, firstly, the W shaft is moved, then the planet carrier 3 is installed, and the inner hole and the end surface reference of the planet carrier 3 are aligned, and when the end surface is aligned, the dynamic compensation is performed according to the steps.

In the present specification, the "X, Y, Z, W" direction refers to the X, Y, Z, W direction indicated in the drawings.

The planetary hole boring method provided by the invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.