阅读说明：本技术 一种茶油的加工方法 (Processing method of tea oil ) 是由 邓运春 邓永珍 于 2021-10-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种茶油的加工方法,其先对作为原料的油茶籽进行熟化存储,熟化存储时先低温陈放,再在利用高频红外线进行间隔照射处理后继续陈放得到完成熟化存储的油茶籽,然后将熟化存储的油茶籽筛选后干制后进行剥壳及低温冷藏处理,处理完成后加入磷酸溶液以及茶多酚,并配合双螺杆榨油机进行冷榨处理,将得到的毛油通过分子筛流化床进行负压脱水处理后利用紫外光对脱水茶油毛油进行杀菌灭酶处理,将经过紫外光处理的脱水茶油毛油经过精炼及冬化处理得到成品茶油。本发明能有效降低茶油的熟化存储时长,并能降低油茶中有效成份的析出量,以得到高品质茶油。(The invention discloses a processing method of tea oil, which comprises the steps of curing and storing tea seeds serving as raw materials, aging at low temperature during curing and storing, then continuously aging after carrying out interval irradiation treatment by using high-frequency infrared rays to obtain the tea seeds which are cured and stored, screening the cured and stored tea seeds, drying, then carrying out shelling and low-temperature refrigeration treatment, adding phosphoric acid solution and tea polyphenol after the treatment is finished, carrying out cold pressing treatment by matching with a double-screw oil press, carrying out negative pressure dehydration treatment on the obtained crude oil by using a molecular sieve fluidized bed, then carrying out sterilization and enzyme inactivation treatment on the dehydrated crude tea oil by using ultraviolet light, and refining and winterizing the dehydrated crude tea oil which is subjected to the ultraviolet light treatment to obtain the finished product tea oil. The invention can effectively reduce the curing and storage time of the tea oil and can reduce the precipitation amount of effective components in the tea oil to obtain high-quality tea oil.)

1. The processing method of the tea oil is characterized by comprising the following processing steps:

s1, performing curing storage on the camellia seeds serving as the raw materials, aging the collected camellia seeds at a low temperature in a cool and ventilated dry place during curing storage, controlling the aging temperature to be 3-5 ℃, aging for 10-15 days, then spreading and performing interval irradiation treatment by using high-frequency infrared rays, stopping for 10-15 min after every 30-40 min of irradiation treatment, treating for 5-8 h, and then keeping the aging condition for continuously aging for 2-3 days to obtain the camellia seeds subjected to curing storage;

s2, screening the camellia seeds which are cured and stored, screening out camellia seed particles which are shriveled and not full, small in particle size, damaged by worms, broken and have disease spots, drying the camellia seeds until the water content is lower than 7%, carrying out shelling treatment, and carrying out low-temperature refrigeration storage on the shelled camellia seeds for 6-8 hours at the temperature of 3-5 ℃;

s3, measuring the water content of the tea-oil seeds subjected to cold storage treatment, adding a phosphoric acid solution with the mass concentration of 55-70%, adjusting the water content of the tea-oil seeds to 12-15%, adding tea polyphenols accounting for 1.2-1.5% of the total weight of the tea-oil seeds, performing cold pressing treatment by using a double-screw oil press, controlling the oil outlet temperature of the double-screw oil press to be lower than 90 ℃, and filtering after the cold pressing treatment to obtain crude tea oil;

s4, performing negative pressure dehydration treatment on the obtained crude oil through a molecular sieve fluidized bed, and collecting fluid in a bed layer of the molecular sieve fluidized bed until the mass content of water and volatile matters is less than or equal to 0.1% to obtain dehydrated crude tea oil;

and S5, slowly flowing the dehydrated crude tea oil through the wide-mouth groove, sterilizing and inactivating enzyme of the dehydrated crude tea oil by utilizing ultraviolet light at the upper part of the wide-mouth groove, wherein the irradiation treatment time is 10-15S, and refining and winterizing the dehydrated crude tea oil treated by the ultraviolet light to obtain the finished product of tea oil.

2. The processing method for improving the stability of tea oil according to claim 1, wherein in the step of irradiating with infrared light at intervals in step S1, high-frequency infrared light having a wavelength of 950 to 1250nm is used as an infrared light source for irradiation.

3. The processing method for improving the stability of tea oil according to claim 1, wherein when the tea seeds are dried in step S2, the tea seeds are dried by hot air at a temperature of 40 to 50 ℃ until the moisture content is less than 20%, and then the hot air is heated to 50 to 60 ℃ to continue drying until the moisture content is less than 10%, and then the tea seeds are dried by a microwave vacuum drying device until the moisture content is less than 70%.

4. The processing method for improving the stability of tea oil according to claim 1, wherein the hull content of the camellia seeds is controlled to be less than or equal to 1% when the hull removing process is performed in step S2.

5. The processing method for improving the stability of tea oil according to claim 1, wherein the filtering in step S3 is performed by first filtering with a 50-100 mesh filter screen, filtering with a plate and frame filter after filtering with the filter screen, and pressure-filtering the filtrate with a clay filter cake after filtering with the plate and frame filter.

6. The processing method for improving the stability of tea oil according to claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet light irradiation treatment in step S5 is performed by using medium-high frequency ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 260 to 320nm as an ultraviolet light source for irradiation.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of tea oil processing in the vegetable oil processing technology, in particular to a tea oil processing method.

Background

Tea oil, also called camellia oil, camellia seed oil, it is to utilize the camellia seed to be the edible vegetable oil that raw materials squeeze and refine, its oil color is golden or light yellow, the quality is pure, it is clear and transparent, the color is fragrant and tasty, rich in unsaturated fatty acid such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, etc., its unsaturated fatty acid content is up to 90%, far higher than rape oil, peanut oil and soybean oil, it is higher than one time than vitamin E content with olive oil, still contain specific physiological active substance such as camellin at the same time, have very high nutritive value.

The preparation process of the tea oil in the prior art mainly comprises three processes: leaching, hot pressing and cold pressing, wherein the leaching process is a chemical oil extraction process utilizing the principle of similarity and intermiscibility, has high oil extraction rate and low production cost, but has large loss of nutrient components in the tea oil in the production process and easy safety problem caused by solvent residue, and is mainly used for processing low-grade tea oil; the hot pressing process and the cold pressing process have advantages and disadvantages respectively, but no solvent residue exists in the processing process, so that the hot pressing process is more applied in the prior art, wherein the hot pressing process is to press and extract the camellia seeds after roasting and baking (the temperature is higher than 120 ℃ plus 130 ℃), the oil yield is higher, the camellia seeds obtained by the roasting and baking mode have unique fragrance after the tea oil is extracted, meanwhile, less residues are remained in the finished oil, and the whole process is easy to store; however, the processing mode destroys the cell structure of the camellia seeds, denatures protein, greatly reduces bioactive substances (vitamin E sterol, carotenoid and the like) in the oil material, increases the acid value, reduces the viscosity of oil and fat, and cannot obtain high-quality tea oil; the tea seeds in the cold pressing process are not steamed and fried at high temperature, the grease is directly extruded out by means of mechanical physical action, high-quality low-temperature pressed oil and low-temperature pressed cakes can be obtained at the same time, the obtained cold pressed finished oil can reserve physiological active substances in the tea oil in a higher proportion and reserve the natural flavor and color of the tea oil, but the cold pressing process has the defects of high requirements on equipment and process conditions and low oil yield, and the selling price of the cold pressed tea oil is higher than that of the hot pressed tea oil by 50-70%; in addition, although the tea oil is obtained by processing at an ambient temperature of 60 ℃, the physical press head of the equipment still generates mechanical high temperature during the pressing process. So that the camellia seeds still have a certain nutrient loss ratio due to the influence of high temperature in the whole crushing process.

In addition, in the prior art, before the oil tea seeds are squeezed, storage curing treatment is usually carried out, the oil tea seeds are stored in a cool and ventilated dry place for 2-3 months, the completely cured oil tea seeds are obtained and then oil is extracted, and the oil tea seeds are cured due to aging in the period, so that the quality of the oil tea can be fully improved, the oil content proportion in the oil tea seeds can be increased, the oil extraction rate is maximized, and the quality of a refining processing link is improved; however, in the aging treatment process of storing for 2 to 3 months, a great pressure is applied to the storage space of oil refining enterprises and the equipment production and operation period, in order to solve the above problems, an operation mode of exposing the camellia seeds for 1 to 2 days after storing for 30 to 40 days to accelerate the aging of the camellia seeds is also adopted, but the operation mode can reduce the unsaturated fatty acids contained in the crude oil of the camellia seeds, increase the loss ratio of various active substances such as vitamins, phytosterols and polyphenols in the cold pressing process, reduce the better oxidation stability of the crude oil of the camellia seeds obtained by the cold pressing process, generate trans fatty acids harmful to human bodies, and reduce the conventional quality indexes such as acid value, color and peroxide value.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a processing method of tea oil, which reduces the generation of byproducts in the processing process and reduces the loss of beneficial trace elements by pretreating tea seeds and strengthening the effective processing process on the basis of ensuring the quality and safety of oil and fat so as to solve the defects in the background technology.

The technical problem solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

a processing method of tea oil specifically comprises the following processing steps:

s1, performing curing storage on the camellia seeds serving as the raw materials, aging the collected camellia seeds at a low temperature in a cool and ventilated dry place while curing storage, controlling the aging temperature to be 3-5 ℃, aging for 10-15 days, then spreading and performing interval irradiation treatment by using high-frequency infrared rays, stopping for 10-15 min after every 30-40 min of irradiation treatment, treating for 5-8 h, and then keeping the aging condition for continuously aging for 2-3 days to obtain the camellia seeds subjected to curing storage.

S2, screening the camellia seeds which are cured and stored, screening out camellia seed particles which are shriveled and not full, small in particle size, damaged by worms, broken and have disease spots, drying the camellia seeds until the water content is lower than 10%, then performing microwave vacuum drying until the water content is lower than 7%, performing shelling treatment, and performing low-temperature cold storage on the shelled camellia seeds for 6-8 hours at the temperature of 3-5 ℃.

S3, measuring the water content of the tea-oil seeds subjected to cold storage treatment, adding a phosphoric acid solution with the mass concentration of 55-70%, adjusting the water content of the tea-oil seeds to 12-15%, adding tea polyphenols accounting for 1.2-1.5% of the total weight of the tea-oil seeds, performing cold pressing treatment by using a double-screw oil press, controlling the oil outlet temperature of the double-screw oil press to be lower than 90 ℃, and filtering after the cold pressing treatment to obtain crude tea oil.

S4, performing negative pressure dehydration treatment on the obtained crude oil through a molecular sieve fluidized bed, and collecting fluid in a bed layer of the molecular sieve fluidized bed until the mass content of water and volatile matters is less than or equal to 0.1% to obtain the dehydrated crude oil of tea oil.

And S5, slowly flowing the dehydrated crude tea oil through the wide-mouth groove, sterilizing and inactivating enzyme of the dehydrated crude tea oil by utilizing ultraviolet light at the upper part of the wide-mouth groove, wherein the irradiation treatment time is 10-15S, and refining and winterizing the dehydrated crude tea oil treated by the ultraviolet light to obtain the finished product of tea oil.

More specifically, in the step S1, when the intermittent irradiation process is performed by using infrared light, high-frequency infrared light having a wavelength of 950 to 1250nm is used as the infrared light source for irradiation.

By way of further limitation, when the camellia seeds are dried in the step S2, the camellia seeds are dried by hot air at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ until the moisture content is lower than 20%, and then the temperature of the hot air is increased to 50-60 ℃ to continue drying until the moisture content is lower than 10%.

Further, when the husking treatment is performed in step S2, the husk content in the camellia seeds is controlled to be less than or equal to 1%.

Further, in the step S3, the filtration is performed by using a 50-100 mesh filter screen, the filtration is performed by using a plate filter after the filtration, and the pressure filtration is performed by using a clay filter cake after the filtration by using the plate filter.

More specifically, when the ultraviolet light irradiation treatment is performed in step S5, medium-high frequency ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 260 to 320nm is used as the ultraviolet light source for irradiation.

Has the advantages that: according to the processing method for improving the stability of the tea oil, the curing and storing process of the tea seeds is improved, so that the curing and storing time of the tea seeds is reduced while the curing rate and the curing degree of the tea seeds are ensured, and the burden of storage and processing procedures can be effectively reduced; meanwhile, the cold pressing process of the cured and stored camellia seeds is improved in a matching way, the cold pressing process of the camellia oil is effectively optimized by utilizing different properties and functional characteristics of active substances, the oil yield of the camellia seeds is maximized, the loss and the residual oil quantity of raw materials are reduced, the quality and the quality of the finished oil are ensured, the activity of target components in the camellia oil is reserved, and useless or harmful impurities in the camellia oil are removed.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.

The first embodiment is as follows:

in the first embodiment, the processing method of the tea oil is prepared by the following process steps:

picking fresh camellia seeds as raw materials to perform curing storage, aging the harvested camellia seeds at a low temperature in a cool and ventilated dry place, controlling the aging temperature to be 3-4 ℃, performing curing treatment for 15 days, turning once every 2 days in the period to prevent the interior of the camellia seeds from mildewing, collecting the camellia seeds after the aging is completed, spreading the collected camellia seeds on a conveyor belt, performing cyclic interval irradiation treatment on the camellia seeds spread on the conveyor belt by using high-frequency infrared light with the wavelength of 950nm, stopping the irradiation treatment for 10min after 30min, performing cyclic treatment for 8h according to the logic, and continuously aging for 2 days under the aging condition to obtain the camellia seeds which are cured and stored.

And then, screening the camellia seeds which are cured and stored, screening out camellia seed particles which are shriveled, not full, small, damaged by worms, broken and have spots, drying the large and full camellia seeds, firstly carrying out two-stage hot air drying during the drying treatment, firstly drying the camellia seeds by using hot air at the temperature of 40 ℃ until the moisture content is 18%, then raising the temperature of the hot air to 50 ℃ and continuously drying the camellia seeds until the moisture content is 9%, taking out the camellia seeds and putting the camellia seeds into a microwave vacuum dryer for microwave vacuum drying, taking out the camellia seeds when the moisture content of the camellia seeds is 6.5%, putting the camellia seeds into a camellia seed husking machine for husking until the husk content in the camellia seeds is less than or equal to 1%, and then carrying out low-temperature cold storage on the husked camellia seeds for 6 hours at the temperature of 5 ℃.

Measuring the water content of the tea-oil tree seeds subjected to cold storage treatment to be 7%, atomizing and spraying the tea-oil tree seeds by using a phosphoric acid solution with the mass concentration of 70%, adjusting the water content of the tea-oil tree seeds to 12%, then adding tea polyphenol accounting for 1.2% of the total weight of the tea-oil tree seeds, performing cold pressing treatment by using a double-screw oil press, controlling the oil outlet temperature of the double-screw oil press to be lower than 90 ℃, performing cold pressing treatment, and then filtering, wherein a 100-mesh filter screen is used for filtering during filtering, a plate-and-frame filter is used for filtering after the filter screen is used for filtering, and the filtrate part is subjected to pressure filtering by using a white clay filter cake under the condition of the pressure of 0.13MPa after the filter screen is used for filtering, so as to obtain crude tea oil; and (3) carrying out negative pressure dehydration treatment on the obtained crude oil through a molecular sieve fluidized bed, and collecting fluid in a bed layer of the molecular sieve fluidized bed until the mass content of water and volatile matters is less than or equal to 0.1%, thereby obtaining the dehydrated crude tea oil.

Placing the dehydrated crude tea oil in a wide-mouth groove for slow flowing, irradiating the upper part of the wide-mouth groove by using high-frequency ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 260nm to sterilize and inactivate enzyme of the dehydrated crude tea oil, wherein the irradiation treatment time is 10S, deacidifying the irradiated crude dehydrated tea oil serving as a raw material by using an alkali refining process in sequence, performing vacuum decolorization by using activated clay in a decolorization tank, and winterizing the decolorized oil to obtain the finished product of the tea oil.

The integral oil yield of the finished tea oil is 63%, the acid value of the tea oil is 2.15mg/g, the peroxide value is 3mmol/kg, the water content is 0.18%, the vitamin E content is 16mg/100g, the total flavone content is 3.7mg/100g, and the oil is clear and golden yellow.

Example two:

in the second embodiment, the processing method of the tea oil is prepared by the following process steps:

picking fresh camellia seeds as raw materials to perform curing storage, aging the harvested camellia seeds at a low temperature in a cool and ventilated dry place, controlling the aging temperature to be 4-5 ℃, performing curing treatment for 12 days, turning once every other day during the period to prevent the interior of the camellia seeds from mildewing, collecting the camellia seeds after the aging is completed, spreading the collected camellia seeds on a conveyor belt, performing cyclic interval irradiation treatment on the camellia seeds spread on the conveyor belt by using high-frequency infrared light with the wavelength of 1050nm, stopping for 10min after the irradiation treatment is performed for 35min, performing cyclic treatment according to the logic for 6h, and continuously aging for 3 days under the aging condition to obtain the camellia seeds which are cured and stored.

And then, screening the camellia seeds which are cured and stored, screening out camellia seed particles which are shriveled, not full, small, damaged by worms, broken and stained, drying the large and full camellia seeds, firstly carrying out two-stage hot air drying during the drying treatment, firstly drying the camellia seeds by using hot air at the temperature of 45 ℃ until the moisture content is 19%, then raising the temperature of the hot air to 60 ℃ and continuously drying the camellia seeds until the moisture content is 9.5%, taking out the camellia seeds and putting the camellia seeds into a microwave vacuum dryer for microwave vacuum drying, taking out the camellia seeds when the moisture content of the camellia seeds is 6.8%, putting the camellia seeds into a camellia seed husking machine for husking until the husk content in the camellia seeds is less than or equal to 1%, and then refrigerating the husked camellia seeds for 7 hours at the temperature of 3 ℃.

Measuring the water content of the refrigerated camellia seeds to be 6.5%, atomizing and spraying the camellia seeds by using a phosphoric acid solution with the mass concentration of 60%, adjusting the water content of the camellia seeds to be 15%, then adding tea polyphenol accounting for 1.4% of the total weight of the camellia seeds, performing cold pressing treatment by using a twin-screw oil press, controlling the oil outlet temperature of the twin-screw oil press to be lower than 90 ℃, performing cold pressing treatment, then filtering, wherein during filtering, a filter screen with 80 meshes is used for filtering, a plate-and-frame filter is used for filtering after the filter screen is used for filtering, and after the filter screen is used for filtering, the filtrate part is subjected to pressure filtration by using carclazyte filter cakes under the pressure of 0.15MPa to obtain crude camellia oil; and (3) carrying out negative pressure dehydration treatment on the obtained crude oil through a molecular sieve fluidized bed, and collecting fluid in a bed layer of the molecular sieve fluidized bed until the mass content of water and volatile matters is less than or equal to 0.1%, thereby obtaining the dehydrated crude tea oil.

Placing the crude oil of the dehydrated tea oil in a wide-mouth groove for slow flowing, irradiating the upper part of the wide-mouth groove by using medium-frequency ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 310nm to sterilize and inactivate enzyme of the crude oil of the dehydrated tea oil, wherein the irradiation treatment time is 12S, deacidifying the crude oil of the dehydrated tea oil subjected to the irradiation treatment by using an alkali refining process in sequence according to the process conditions which are consistent with the embodiments, performing vacuum decolorization in a decolorization tank by using activated clay, and winterizing the oil after the decolorization to obtain the finished product of tea oil.

The integral oil yield of the finished tea oil is 68%, the acid value of the tea oil is 1.89mg/g, the peroxide value is 3mmol/kg, the water content is 0.11%, the vitamin E content is 13mg/100g, the total flavone content is 3.3mg/100g, and the oil is clear and golden yellow.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.